Socio-technical considerations for Spectrum Access System (SAS) design

Spectrum Access Systems (SAS) are emerging as a principal mechanism for managing the sharing of radio spectrum. The design of the SAS depends on the specification of spectrum property rights and the governance system by which those rights are enforced. Current perspectives on SAS design have been too limited, focusing narrowly on the technical components without adequate consideration of socio-technical factors that will impact the likely success of any SAS design. In this paper, we apply the social science literature on the management of common pool resources (CPR) to the design challenge for the SAS. Heretofore, too much of the discussion has focused on an overly simplistic characterization of the spectrum rights design space as a dichotomous choice between licensed v. unlicensed, markets v. government, and exclusive v. open. The CPR framework forces consideration of a wider class of design options, positioning the specifications of spectrum property rights more appropriately along a multi-dimensional continuum of rights bundles. The CPR framework highlights the importance of considering formal and informal, multi-layered institutional and market-based interactions among SAS stakeholders when designing a resource management system. We will explain how this leads one to view the SAS as a polycentric governance system (using the terminology in the CPR literature). By examining the economic and social context of spectrum sharing, we assert that these emerging systems must be sufficiently flexible to adapt to various forms of resource governance, which refers to the process by which rights are distributed among stakeholders, how those rights are enforced, and how the resource is managed. We illustrate how the insights from the CPR literature might be implemented in a prototype SAS architecture

Ten propositions about public leadership

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of some pressing but under-researched aspects of public leadership. Ten propositions about public leadership are set out and these are intended to be thought-provoking and even controversial in order to stimulate researchers to design research which addresses key theoretical and practical questions about leadership in the public sphere. They will also help practitioners navigate an increasingly complex leadership context. Design/methodology/approach – This invited essay uses ten propositions about public leadership, selected from three sources: the leadership literature, the author’s own research and from collaborative research discussions with academics, policy makers and practitioners. Findings – The first proposition argues for distinguishing public leadership from public service leadership given that the former is about leadership of the public sphere. Other propositions concern context; purpose; conflict and contest at the heart of public leadership; leadership with political astuteness; dual leadership; leadership projections; fostering resilience; leadership, authority and legitimacy; and the challenge to researchers to use research designs which reflect the complexity and dynamism of public leadership. Practical implications – While this essay is primarily addressed to researchers, there are many ideas and concepts which practising leaders will find insightful and useful in their work. Originality/value – This essay draws on deep experience in undertaking high-quality academic research about public leadership which draws from and feeds into policy and practice. It utilises organisational psychology, public management and political science to create synergies in order to enhance the understanding of public leadership

Integrated Collaborative Governance Approaches towards Urban Transformation: Experiences from the CLEVER Cities Project

Within the framework of CLEVER Cities Horizon 2020, London, Milan, and Hamburg are putting in place nine Urban Living Labs in order to implement Nature-based Solutions that address urban challenges in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. In this article, the means by which co-creation processes and pathways may lead to innovation in governance structures are considered. Through a comparative case study analysis, this research aims to identify integrated, collaborative governance frameworks that are complex and adaptive, as well as reflect the actual changes in governance in cities. Herein, ULLs are intended not just as a vehicle for place-based urban regeneration but also as a starting point for collaborative governance. In this article, it is considered how co-creation pathways may lead to innovation in current local governance structures and achieve transformational change. This paper analyzes the collaborative governance dynamic models at three points in time in the three cities. It is also considered how co-creation pathways may lead to innovation in current local governance structures and achieve transformational change

Have You Updated Your Toaster? Transatlantic Approaches to Governing the Internet of Everything

As Internet-connected devices become ubiquitous, it remains an open question whether security— or privacy—can or will scale, or whether a combination of perverse incentives, new problems, and new impacts of old problems like “technical debt” amassing from products being rushed to market before being fully vetted, will derail progress and exacerbate cyber insecurity. This Article investigates contemporary approaches to Internet of Things (IoT) governance through an in- depth comparative case study focusing on the European Union (EU) and the United States. Particular attention is paid to the impact on IoT security of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Network Information Security (NIS) Directive in the EU, and the influence of the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF), with a focus on mitigating the risk of politically motivated attacks on civilians. We analyze reform proposals and apply lessons from major prior Internet governance debates to argue for a polycentric approach to improving IoT security and privacy in the transatlantic context

European Governance, or Governmentality? Reflections on the EU‘s System of Government

This paper offers a critical exploration of the term ‘governance’, its rise to prominence within EU political discourse, and the new forms of authority and expertise it has come to be associated with within the EU’sevolving political regime. Its argues that a critical understanding of EU governance might be advanced ifscholars look beyond the conventional political science literature (where governance is often ontologizedas that form of politics and authority which reflects the social reality of administering complex societies),and interpret it instead in terms of recent debates about neoliberal governmentality. I ask, what does theCommission’s appropriation of this ambiguous concept reveal about the way EU politicians, experts andpolicy makers are re-conceptualising Europe and the problem of European government?

A Tribe Divided: The Threat of the Loss of Tribal Autonomy and Culture Facing Transnational Tribes on the Northern and Southern Borders of the United States

Indigenous peoples in the northern and southwestern regions of the United States face challenges to the preservation of their cultures, economies, governments, and family relations as a result of the international borders that have bisected their traditional lands. While there is a history of treatymaking and governmental policy attempting to address these issues, the lack of an effective solution and concrete. border policy for tribe members in these regions leaves them without recourse. Some scholars suggest universal US citizenship for tribe members, others suggest tribe-specific legislation, and some even suggest that the tribes pursue litigation against the United States to resolve their woes at the borders. While each of these solutions have their merits, there are serious flaws that will likely prevent their implementation or meaningful effect. This Note will examine the history of treatymaking and border issues for these tribes and some of the primary solutions various scholars have proposed. After analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions, this Note will suggest that a new, polycentric governance system over the tribal lands be instituted to ensure that the collective tribal rights will be effectively balanced with the international government interests in play... This Note seeks to make sense of the issues faced by some tribes on both the northern and southern borders of the United States and to analyze potential solutions to these issues. The Note will first lay out a background of the most relevant histories of a few, select tribes in those regions and the treaties and laws which were instituted in\u27 connection to those tribes and the borders, as well as the issues these treaties and laws have created. The experiences of these tribes do not encompass the totality of border tribe experiences. Rather, they serve as a broad look at problems generally consistent with border tribes. In order to simplify and use these examples effectively, this overview will be broadly cabined into cultural, economic, and political issues, which will then be analyzed by looking at (1) various solutions proposed in previous scholarship, (2) solutions used with specific tribes, and (3) solutions used internationally. Finally, the Note will propose a polycentric governance counsel as the best solution to the issues the current geographic borders present to the northern and southern tribes and will analyze the impact of the proposed Tribal Council in light of the potential cultural, economic, and political implications of such a solution