990 research outputs found
A Survey on Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes and Smart Grids
Empowered by the emergence of novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as sensors and high-performance digital communication systems, Europe has adapted its electricity distribution network into a modern infrastructure known as a smart grid (SG). The benefits of this new infrastructure include precise and real-time capacity for measuring and monitoring the different energy-relevant parameters on the various points of the grid and for the remote operation and optimization of distribution. Furthermore, a new user profile is derived from this novel infrastructure, known as a prosumer (a user that can produce and consume energy to/from the grid), who can benefit from the features derived from applying advanced analytics and semantic technologies in the rich amount of big data generated by the different subsystems. However, this novel, highly interconnected infrastructure also presents some significant drawbacks, like those related to information security (IS). We provide a systematic literature survey of the ICT-empowered environments that comprise SGs and homes, and the application of modern artificial intelligence (AI) related technologies with sensor fusion systems and actuators, ensuring energy efficiency in such systems. Furthermore, we outline the current challenges and outlook for this field. These address new developments on microgrids, and data-driven energy efficiency that leads to better knowledge representation and decision-making for smart homes and SGsThis research was co-funded by Interreg Österreich-Bayern 2014–2020 programme project KI-Net: Bausteine für KI-basierte Optimierungen in der industriellen Fertigung (AB 292). This work is also supported by the ITEA3 OPTIMUM project and ITEA3 SCRATCH project, all of them funded by the Centro Tecnológico de Desarrollo Industrial (CDTI), Spain
Towards Cyber Security for Low-Carbon Transportation: Overview, Challenges and Future Directions
In recent years, low-carbon transportation has become an indispensable part
as sustainable development strategies of various countries, and plays a very
important responsibility in promoting low-carbon cities. However, the security
of low-carbon transportation has been threatened from various ways. For
example, denial of service attacks pose a great threat to the electric vehicles
and vehicle-to-grid networks. To minimize these threats, several methods have
been proposed to defense against them. Yet, these methods are only for certain
types of scenarios or attacks. Therefore, this review addresses security aspect
from holistic view, provides the overview, challenges and future directions of
cyber security technologies in low-carbon transportation. Firstly, based on the
concept and importance of low-carbon transportation, this review positions the
low-carbon transportation services. Then, with the perspective of network
architecture and communication mode, this review classifies its typical attack
risks. The corresponding defense technologies and relevant security suggestions
are further reviewed from perspective of data security, network management
security and network application security. Finally, in view of the long term
development of low-carbon transportation, future research directions have been
concerned.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures, accepted by journal Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Review
Aid Nexus : A Blockchain Based Financial Distribution System
Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force with transformative
potential across numerous industries, promising efficient and automated
solutions that can revolutionize traditional systems. By leveraging
decentralized ledger systems, blockchain offers enhanced security,
transparency, and transaction verification without the need for intermediaries.
The finance sector is exploring blockchain-based solutions for payments,
remittances, lending, and investments, while healthcare adopts the technology
for medical record keeping, supply chain tracking, and data management.
Similarly, supply chain management benefits from blockchain's ability to
enhance transparency, traceability, and accountability from raw materials to
finished products. Other sectors, including real estate, energy, and
government, are also investigating blockchain-based solutions to improve
efficiency, security, and transparency. Furthermore, smart contracts within the
blockchain enable process automation, reducing manual intervention in
distribution workflows. AidNeux, a consortium-based blockchain DApp, reimagines
the distribution of financial assistance by addressing inefficiencies and
opaqueness. Using smart contracts ensures the security and directness of money
transfers. Its robust digital identity verification and real-time auditability
reduce fraud risks and strengthen accountability, thereby presenting a
scalable, transparent solution to problems inherent to conventional financial
aid systems
Privacy and Transparency in Blockchain-based Smart Grid Operations
In the past few years, blockchain technology has emerged in numerous smart grid applications,
enabling the construction of systems without the need for a trusted third party. Blockchain
offers transparency, traceability, and accountability, which lets various energy management system
functionalities be executed through smart contracts, such as monitoring, consumption analysis,
and intelligent energy adaptation. Nevertheless, revealing sensitive energy consumption information
could render users vulnerable to digital and physical assaults. This paper presents a novel method
for achieving a dual balance between privacy and transparency, as well as accountability and
verifiability. This equilibrium requires the incorporation of cryptographic tools like Secure Mul-
tiparty Computation and Verifiable Secret Sharing within the distributed components of a multi-
channel blockchain and its associated smart contracts. We corroborate the suggested architecture
throughout the entire process of a Demand Response scenario, from the collection of energy data
to the ultimate reward. To address our proposal’s constraints, we present countermeasures against
accidental crashes and Byzantine behavior while ensuring that the solution remains appropriate
for low-performance IoT devices
False data injection attack (FDIA): An overview and new metrics for fair evaluation of its countermeasure
The concept of false data injection attack (FDIA) was introduced originally in the smart grid domain. While the term sounds common, it specifically means the case when an attacker compromises sensor readings in such tricky way that undetected errors are introduced into calculations of state variables and values. Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and associated complex adaptive systems, cyber attackers are interested in exploiting similar attacks in other application domains such as healthcare, finance, defense, governance, etc. In today’s increasingly perilous cyber world of complex adaptive systems, FDIA has become one of the top-priority issues to deal with. It is a necessity today for greater awareness and better mechanism to counter such attack in the cyberspace. Hence, this work presents an overview of the attack, identifies the impact of FDIA in critical domains, and talks about the countermeasures. A taxonomy of the existing countermeasures to defend against FDIA is provided. Unlike other works, we propose some evaluation metrics for FDIA detection and also highlight the scarcity of benchmark datasets to validate the performance of FDIA detection techniques. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s)
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Blockchain Technology and its Applications Across Multiple Domains: A Survey
Blockchain technology has become an active area of research and a technological option for many businesses and industrial communities. With its distributed, decentralized, and trustless nature, blockchain can provide businesses with new opportunities and benefits through increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced integrity and transparency, better security, and improved traceability. Although blockchain’s largest applications have been in the finance and banking sector, we now see experiments and proposed applications in different fields. This paper provides an overview of blockchain technology; it brings together all the key design features, characteristics, and benefits of blockchain that make it a superior and unique technology, and it presents the popular consensus protocols and taxonomy of blockchain systems. Additionally, the paper surveys blockchain-based applications across multiple domains such as in finance, insurance, supply chain management, energy, advertising and media, real estate and healthcare. It aims at examining the industries’ key issues, blockchain solutions and use cases. The paper highlights three broad limitations that blockchain technology presents: scalability, security, and regulation, and shows how these challenges could impact blockchain application and adoption
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Digitalisation and New Business Models in Energy Sector
This paper reviews digitalisation in energy sector by looking at the business models of 40 interesting new start-up energy companies from around the world. These start-ups have been facilitated by the rise of distributed generation, much of it intermittent in nature. We review Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Blockchain applications in energy sector. We discuss the rise of prosumers and small-scale renewable generation, highlighting the role of Feed-in-Tariffs (FITs), the Distribution System Platform concept and the potential for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) trading. Our aim is to help energy regulators calibrate their support new business models
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