Glosarium Matematika

273 p.; 24 cm

Holonomic Bessel modules and generating functions

We have solved a number of holonomic PDEs derived from the Bessel modules which are related to the generating functions of classical Bessel functions and the difference Bessel functions recently discovered by Bohner and Cuchta. This $D$-module approach both unifies and extends generating functions of the classical and the difference Bessel functions. It shows that the algebraic structures of the Bessel modules and related modules determine the possible formats of Bessel's generating functions studied in this article. As a consequence of these $D$-modules structures, a number of new recursion formulae, integral representations and new difference Bessel polynomials have been discovered. The key ingredients of our argument involve new transmutation formulae related to the Bessel modules and the construction of $D$-linear maps between different appropriately constructed submodules. This work can be viewed as $D$-module approach to Truesdell's $F$-equation theory specialised to Bessel functions. The framework presented in this article can be applied to other special functions.Comment: 97 pages including one blank pag

Relations between logic and mathematics in the work of Benjamin and Charles S. Peirce.

Charles Peirce (1839-1914) was one of the most important logicians of the nineteenth century. This thesis traces the development of his algebraic logic from his early papers, with especial attention paid to the mathematical aspects. There are three main sources to consider. 1) Benjamin Peirce (1809-1880), Charles's father and also a leading American mathematician of his day, was an inspiration. His memoir Linear Associative Algebra (1870) is summarised and for the first time the algebraic structures behind its 169 algebras are analysed in depth. 2) Peirce's early papers on algebraic logic from the late 1860s were largely an attempt to expand and adapt George Boole's calculus, using a part/whole theory of classes and algebraic analogies concerning symbols, operations and equations to produce a method of deducing consequences from premises. 3) One of Peirce's main achievements was his work on the theory of relations, following in the pioneering footsteps of Augustus De Morgan. By linking the theory of relations to his post-Boolean algebraic logic, he solved many of the limitations that beset Boole's calculus. Peirce's seminal paper `Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives' (1870) is analysed in detail, with a new interpretation suggested for his mysterious process of logical differentiation. Charles Peirce's later work up to the mid 1880s is then surveyed, both for its extended algebraic character and for its novel theory of quantification. The contributions of two of his students at the Johns Hopkins University, Oscar Mitchell and Christine Ladd-Franklin are traced, specifically with an analysis of their problem solving methods. The work of Peirce's successor Ernst Schröder is also reviewed, contrasting the differences and similarities between their logics. During the 1890s and later, Charles Peirce turned to a diagrammatic representation and extension of his algebraic logic. The basic concepts of this topological twist are introduced. Although Peirce's work in logic has been studied by previous scholars, this thesis stresses to a new extent the mathematical aspects of his logic - in particular the algebraic background and methods, not only of Peirce but also of several of his contemporaries

A Class of Dimension-free Metrics for the Convergence of Empirical Measures

This paper concerns the convergence of empirical measures in high dimensions. We propose a new class of metrics and show that under such metrics, the convergence is free of the curse of dimensionality (CoD). Such a feature is critical for high-dimensional analysis and stands in contrast to classical metrics ({\it e.g.}, the Wasserstein distance). The proposed metrics originate from the maximum mean discrepancy, which we generalize by proposing specific criteria for selecting test function spaces to guarantee the property of being free of CoD. Therefore, we call this class of metrics the generalized maximum mean discrepancy (GMMD). Examples of the selected test function spaces include the reproducing kernel Hilbert space, Barron space, and flow-induced function spaces. Three applications of the proposed metrics are presented: 1. The convergence of empirical measure in the case of random variables; 2. The convergence of $n$-particle system to the solution to McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equation; 3. The construction of an $\varepsilon$-Nash equilibrium for a homogeneous $n$-player game by its mean-field limit. As a byproduct, we prove that, given a distribution close to the target distribution measured by GMMD and a certain representation of the target distribution, we can generate a distribution close to the target one in terms of the Wasserstein distance and relative entropy. Overall, we show that the proposed class of metrics is a powerful tool to analyze the convergence of empirical measures in high dimensions without CoD

Les matrices : formes de représentation et pratiques opératoires (1850-1930)

CultureMATH - Site expert ENS Ulm / DESCOThis paper sheds a new light on the history of the algebraic practices of decomposition of matrices from 1850 and 1940Cet article propose un nouveau regard sur l'histoire des pratiques opératoires de décomposition matricielle entre 1850 et 1940

Les matrices : formes de représentations et pratiques opératoires (1850-1930).

De même que, dans les mathématiques contemporaines, les matrices sont susceptibles de représenter une diversité d'objets algébriques, leur histoire se joue sur une longue période, dans des contextes divers et s'enrichit de la rencontre entre différents champs de recherche. Dans cet article nous rentrons dans le détail de textes publiés entre 1850 et 1890 par des auteurs comme Arthur Cayley, James Joseph Sylvester et Eduard Weyr. En mettant un avant les contextes culturels dans lesquels s'inscrivent ces différents auteurs, nous observerons des pratiques différentes dont la rencontre provoquera un enrichissement du champ des significations associées à la notion de matrice. Nous verrons que poser la question de l'histoire de la notion de matrice permet d'observer des aspects culturels des mathématiques antérieurs aux théories structurelles et unificatrices comme l'algèbre linéaire des années trente du XXe siècle

Fully massive tadpoles at 5-loop : reduction and difference equations

Möller J. Fully massive tadpoles at 5-loop : reduction and difference equations. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2012.Loop integrals are essential for the computation of predictions in quantum field theories like the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. For instance, in the case of anomalous dimensions of QCD or the pressure in thermal QCD we face so-called tadpole loop integrals. In this thesis we study an important subset of these integrals, the fully massive vacuum (bubble) integrals. For the first time, we consider fully massive tadpoles at the 5-loop level pioneering the way for future high-precision calculations. We have implemented a Laporta algorithm in the algebraic manipulator \texttt{FORM} using generalized recurrence relations, a combination of integration-by-parts and space-time dimensional identities. This enabled us to perform the reduction of fully massive tadpoles up to the 5-loop level to a basis of master integrals. We modified the implementation in such a way that difference equations are obtained for a large number of the yet unknown master integrals. We started to solve the system of difference equations by means of factorial series expansions