60 research outputs found

    OFDM Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging with Sufficient Cyclic Prefix

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    The existing linear frequency modulated (LFM) (or step frequency) and random noise synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems may correspond to the frequency hopping (FH) and direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum systems in the past second and third generation wireless communications. Similar to the current and future wireless communications generations, in this paper, we propose OFDM SAR imaging, where a sufficient cyclic prefix (CP) is added to each OFDM pulse. The sufficient CP insertion converts an inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel from multipaths into multiple ISI-free subchannels as the key in a wireless communications system, and analogously, it provides an inter-range-cell interference (IRCI) free (high range resolution) SAR image in a SAR system. The sufficient CP insertion along with our newly proposed SAR imaging algorithm particularly for the OFDM signals also differentiates this paper from all the existing studies in the literature on OFDM radar signal processing. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the high range resolution performance of our proposed CP based OFDM SAR imaging algorithm.Comment: This version has been accepted by IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 201

    Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Using Commercial OFDM Communication Networks

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    Modern communication systems provide myriad opportunities for passive radar applications. OFDM is a popular waveform used widely in wireless communication networks today. Understanding the structure of these networks becomes critical in future passive radar systems design and concept development. This research develops collection and signal processing models to produce passive SAR ground images using OFDM communication networks. The OFDM-based WiMAX network is selected as a relevant example and is evaluated as a viable source for radar ground imaging. The monostatic and bistatic phase history models for OFDM are derived and validated with experimental single dimensional data. An airborne passive collection model is defined and signal processing approaches are proposed providing practical solutions to passive SAR imaging scenarios. Finally, experimental SAR images using general OFDM and WiMAX waveforms are shown to validate the overarching signal processing concept

    IRCI Free Range Reconstruction for SAR Imaging with Arbitrary Length OFDM Pulse

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    Our previously proposed OFDM with sufficient cyclic prefix (CP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm is inter-range-cell interference (IRCI) free and achieves ideally zero range sidelobes for range reconstruction. In this OFDM SAR imaging algorithm, the minimum required CP length is almost equal to the number of range cells in a swath, while the number of subcarriers of an OFDM signal needs to be more than the CP length. This makes the length of a transmitted OFDM sequence at least almost twice of the number of range cells in a swath and for a wide swath imaging, the transmitted OFDM pulse length becomes long, which may cause problems in some radar applications. In this paper, we propose a CP based OFDM SAR imaging with arbitrary pulse length, which has IRCI free range reconstruction and its pulse length is independent of a swath width. We then present a novel design method for our proposed arbitrary length OFDM pulses. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performances of the OFDM pulse design and the arbitrary pulse length CP based OFDM SAR imaging.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, regular pape

    Radar Range Deception with Time-Modulated Scatterers

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    Modern radar systems are designed to have high Doppler tolerance to detect fast-moving targets. This means range and Doppler estimations are inevitably coupled, opening pathways to concealing objects by imprinting artificial Doppler signatures on the reflected echoes. Proper temporal control of the backscattered phase can cause the investigating radar to estimate wrong range and velocity, thus cloaking the real position and trajectory of the scatterer. This deception method is exploited here theoretically for arbitrary Doppler tolerant waveforms and then tested experimentally on an example of the linear frequency modulated radar, which is the most common waveform of that class used in practice. The method allows retaining radio silence with a semi passive (battery assisted) approach that can work well with time-dependent metasurfaces. Furthermore, as an insight into new capabilities, we demonstrate that temporally concealed objects could even be made to appear closer than they truly are without violating the laws of relativity

    SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR PROCESSING USING UWB OFDM SIGNALS

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    Dual operative radar for vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication

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    The research presented in this Thesis deals with the concepts of joint radar and communication system for automotive application. The novel systems developed include a joint radar and communication system based on the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and two interference mitigation frameworks. In the joint radar and communication system the FrFT is used to embed the data information into a radar waveform in order to obtain a signal sharing Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) characteristics while allowing data transmission. Furthermore, in the proposed system multi user operations are allowed by assigning a specific order of the FrFT to each user. In this way, a fractional order division multiplexing can be implemented allowing the allocation of more than one user in the same frequency band with the advantage that the range resolution does not depend on the number of the users that share the same frequency band but only from the assigned of the FrFT. Remarkably, the predicted simulated radar performance of the proposed joint radar and communication system when using Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) encoding is not significantly affected by the transmitted data. In order to fully describe the proposed waveform design, the signal model when the bits of information are modulated using either BFSK or Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) encoding is derived. This signal model will result also useful in the interference mitigation frameworks. In multi user scenarios to prevent mutual radar interference caused by users that share the same frequency band at the same time, each user has to transmit waveforms that are uncorrelated with those of other users. However, due to spectrum limitations, the uncorrelated property cannot always be satisfied even by using fractional order division multiplexing, thus interference is unavoidable. In order to mitigate the interference, two frameworks are introduced. In a joint radar communication system, the radar also has access to the communication data. With a near-precision reconstruction of the communication signal, this interference can be subtracted. In these two frameworks the interfering signal can be reconstructed using the derived mathematical model of the proposed FrFT waveform. In the first framework the subtraction between the received and reconstructed interference signals is carried out in a coherent manner, where the amplitude and phase of the two signals are taken into account. The performance of this framework is highly depend on the correct estimation of the Doppler frequency of the interfering user. A small error on the Doppler frequency can lead to a lack of synchronization between the received and reconstructed signal. Consequently, the subtraction will not be performed in a correct way and further interference components can be introduced. In order to solve the problem of the lack of the synchronization an alternative framework is developed where the subtraction is carried out in non-coherent manner. In the proposed framework, the subtraction is carried out after that the received radar signal and the reconstructed interference are processed, respectively. The performance is tested on simulated and real signals. The simulated and experimental results show that this framework is capable of mitigating the interference from other users successfully.The research presented in this Thesis deals with the concepts of joint radar and communication system for automotive application. The novel systems developed include a joint radar and communication system based on the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and two interference mitigation frameworks. In the joint radar and communication system the FrFT is used to embed the data information into a radar waveform in order to obtain a signal sharing Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) characteristics while allowing data transmission. Furthermore, in the proposed system multi user operations are allowed by assigning a specific order of the FrFT to each user. In this way, a fractional order division multiplexing can be implemented allowing the allocation of more than one user in the same frequency band with the advantage that the range resolution does not depend on the number of the users that share the same frequency band but only from the assigned of the FrFT. Remarkably, the predicted simulated radar performance of the proposed joint radar and communication system when using Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) encoding is not significantly affected by the transmitted data. In order to fully describe the proposed waveform design, the signal model when the bits of information are modulated using either BFSK or Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) encoding is derived. This signal model will result also useful in the interference mitigation frameworks. In multi user scenarios to prevent mutual radar interference caused by users that share the same frequency band at the same time, each user has to transmit waveforms that are uncorrelated with those of other users. However, due to spectrum limitations, the uncorrelated property cannot always be satisfied even by using fractional order division multiplexing, thus interference is unavoidable. In order to mitigate the interference, two frameworks are introduced. In a joint radar communication system, the radar also has access to the communication data. With a near-precision reconstruction of the communication signal, this interference can be subtracted. In these two frameworks the interfering signal can be reconstructed using the derived mathematical model of the proposed FrFT waveform. In the first framework the subtraction between the received and reconstructed interference signals is carried out in a coherent manner, where the amplitude and phase of the two signals are taken into account. The performance of this framework is highly depend on the correct estimation of the Doppler frequency of the interfering user. A small error on the Doppler frequency can lead to a lack of synchronization between the received and reconstructed signal. Consequently, the subtraction will not be performed in a correct way and further interference components can be introduced. In order to solve the problem of the lack of the synchronization an alternative framework is developed where the subtraction is carried out in non-coherent manner. In the proposed framework, the subtraction is carried out after that the received radar signal and the reconstructed interference are processed, respectively. The performance is tested on simulated and real signals. The simulated and experimental results show that this framework is capable of mitigating the interference from other users successfully

    The implementation and analysis of through wall radar systems

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    Through wall radar detecting, locating, imaging and tracking is a topic of current research interest in connection with law enforcement, urban area operations and search and rescue missions. Up to now, three different radar techniques are employed in through wall radar systems, including impulse through wall radar, continuous wave radar and swept frequency radar. In this thesis, we set out to give a comparison of these three kinds of through wall radar systems. First,we studied the challenges caused by the wall in through wall radar systems. Second,we implemented these three kinds of through wall radar system. In each kind of through wall radar, we developed Labview codes to realize automatic measurement and data acquisition, then we processed the data by different algorithms, including elliptic curve imaging method, Doppler-DOA method. Finally we analyzed the performance of each kind of radar system, compared the advantages and disadvantages to given a guide of through wall radar design

    Signal design and processing for noise radar

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    An efficient and secure use of the electromagnetic spectrum by different telecommunications and radar systems represents, today, a focal research point, as the coexistence of different radio-frequency sources at the same time and in the same frequency band requires the solution of a non-trivial interference problem. Normally, this is addressed with diversity in frequency, space, time, polarization, or code. In some radar applications, a secure use of the spectrum calls for the design of a set of transmitted waveforms highly resilient to interception and exploitation, i.e., with low probability of intercept/ exploitation capability. In this frame, the noise radar technology (NRT) transmits noise-like waveforms and uses correlation processing of radar echoes for their optimal reception. After a review of the NRT as developed in the last decades, the aim of this paper is to show that NRT can represent a valid solution to the aforesaid problems
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