Development of actuating organ for electric intervention tool

Master's thesis in Offshore technologyThis thesis describes the initial steps towards development of a modularized all-electric toolbox, to use during ROV intervention. Based on a vision of future subsea systems, which will rely on electrification and standardization. Inspired by standardized interfaces and interchangeability in tool kits used on land, the objective has been to research the possibility of implementing such concepts into the offshore industry. The primary objective of this thesis was to create an understanding of ROV systems and their capabilities. The secondary objective of this thesis was to expand our understanding of relevant markets, and the services involved in these. What kind of tools are necessary to complete the given tasks? What characteristics are mandatory of an ROV to operate relevant tools in a safe and efficient manner? These questions determine what market segments are favorable and should be focused on, and thereby which tools are relevant. The third objective was to analyze the chosen tools to determine preferable properties towards electrification and modularization. The fourth objective is to determine what tools are best suited to proceed into concept and design evaluations. The properties of the selected tools are then reviewed, where necessities related to power input and outputs are established. Electric actuator solutions are then analyzed to find viable candidates within the suggested electric motor types. Several motors containing viable qualities where found. The qualities and restrictions that one must comply with during design and operation where adhered to, following these guidelines the best tooling solutions where sought out. These objectives culminate into a goal of making it possible to enter the ROV market with limited experience, by learning the basics of the ROV business and thereby gaining insight into this trade. Based on the knowledge gained in every step of the process, datasheets containing recommended properties for four electric actuators are presented. These are capable of performing the criterions set for tooling actuators. Development processes might now proceed with the suggested candidates as the basis for further research

Instrumentation, Electrical Drive Specification and Software Concept for an Electro-Hydrostatic Subsea Valve Actuator

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia de Controle e Automação.A Bosch Rexroth AG é uma companhia de engenharia especializada em acionamento e controle de todo porte, para aplicações industriais e móveis. Atualmente ela é a unidade de Negócios de Tecnologia da Automação da Robert Bosch GmbH, sendo uma subsidiária integral da última. Dentre os setores industriais da companhia, o setor Marine & Offshore desenvolve soluções de atuação e controle nos processos de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás offshore, também na instalação, comissionamento e decomissionamento de plataformas e turbinas eólicas offshore. Recentemente, com mais descobertas de campos petrolíferos em águas profundas (> 1000 m de profundidade), novas tecnologias buscam reduzir os custos da extração e maximizar a produção. Para isso, uma tendência no setor está propendendo em transferir a infraestrutura das plataformas na superfície para o fundo do mar. No entanto, as elevadas pressões, grandes distâncias de transmissão de energia/informação e o ambiente quimicamente agressivo da zona batipelágica, são alguns dos grandes desafios no desenvolvimento da tecnologia para este setor. Neste trabalho será proposto um novo conceito de um atuador compacto eletro-hidrostático para válvulas em árvores de Natal molhadas, manifold e chokes. Primeiramente será dado uma perspectiva geral da exploração de petroléo offshore e será ilustrado o estado da arte dos atuadores no mercado, e as vantagens do projeto proposto sobre as tecnologias atuais. Finalmente, serão explicadas as metodologias de projeto utilizadas no decorrer do trabalho. No capítulo seguinte serão esclarecidos todos os requisitos de projeto, os quais foram definidos à partir de uma descrição da aplicação, amparado em normas internacionais de engenharia, padrões internos da Bosch Rexroth, e acordos entre os parceiros de desenvolvimento de projeto. O terceiro capítulo cobrirá a etapa de especificação e seleção dos atuadores, transdutores e demais elementos eletro-eletrônicos que compõem todas as partes do sistema, bem como a elaboração dos mecanismos do sistema elétrico. Nesta seção também serão descritos os sistemas de acionamento elétrico e monitoramento do sistema. O início do desenvolvimento conceitual do software para o controle e interface do sistema será descrito no capítulo quatro. Nele serão descritos através de diagramas formais a arquitetura básica, o funcionamento do software, a abstração do sistema, e a funções necessárias para cumprir os requisitos de projeto. Os resultados da avaliação do cumprimento dos requisitos através das soluções propostas serão discutidos no quinto capítulo. Por fim, este documento se concluirá com uma breve explanação dos trabalhos futuros para a finalização do projeto como um todo.Bosch Rexroth AG is an engineering company specialized in drive and control technologies, including for the Marine & Offshore industry. Recently, with the growing discovery of oil and gas fields in deep waters (> 1000 meters depth), new technologies seek to reduce the extraction costs and maximize production. To achieve these goals, a trend in the sector is transferring the surface infrastructure to the seabed. However, the high pressure, long distances of energy and material transport and the chemically harsh environment of the bathypelagic zone are great challenges to overcome while developing technologies for this sector. In this thesis, it is exhibited a proposition of a novel concept of compact electro-hydrostatic valve actuators for subsea Christmas trees, manifolds and chokes. It’s illustrated the state of art in valve actuators available in the market and the advantages of the proposed project over the current technologies. This work focuses primarily in the synthesis of the electrical drive system design, the system instrumentation and the control software concep

Design of regulated velocity flow assurance device for petroleum industry

The petroleum industry faces problems in transportation of crude petroleum be- cause of the deposition of paraffins, hydrates and asphaltenes on the insides of the pipeline. These are conventionally removed using either chemical inhibitors or mechani- cal devices, called pigs, which travel through the pipeline and mechanically scrape away the deposits. These pigs are propelled by the pipeline product itself and hence travel at the same velocity as the product. Research has indicated that cleaning would be better if the pigs are traveling at a relatively constant velocity of around 70% of the product velocity. This research utilizes the concept of regulating the bypass flow velocity in order to maintain the pig velocity. The bypass flow is regulated by the control unit based on the feedback from the turbine flowmeter, which monitors the bypass flow. A motorized butterfly valve is used for actually controlling the bypass flow. In addition to cleaning, the proposed pig utilizes on-board electronics like accelerom- eter and pressure transducers to store the data gathered during the pig run. This data can then be analyzed and the condition of the pipeline predicted. Thus, this research addresses the problem of designing a pig to maintain a constant velocity in order to achieve better cleaning. It also helps gather elementary data that can be used to predict the internal conditions in the pipe

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Design of regulated velocity flow assurance device for petroleum industry

The petroleum industry faces problems in transportation of crude petroleum be- cause of the deposition of paraffins, hydrates and asphaltenes on the insides of the pipeline. These are conventionally removed using either chemical inhibitors or mechani- cal devices, called pigs, which travel through the pipeline and mechanically scrape away the deposits. These pigs are propelled by the pipeline product itself and hence travel at the same velocity as the product. Research has indicated that cleaning would be better if the pigs are traveling at a relatively constant velocity of around 70% of the product velocity. This research utilizes the concept of regulating the bypass flow velocity in order to maintain the pig velocity. The bypass flow is regulated by the control unit based on the feedback from the turbine flowmeter, which monitors the bypass flow. A motorized butterfly valve is used for actually controlling the bypass flow. In addition to cleaning, the proposed pig utilizes on-board electronics like accelerom- eter and pressure transducers to store the data gathered during the pig run. This data can then be analyzed and the condition of the pipeline predicted. Thus, this research addresses the problem of designing a pig to maintain a constant velocity in order to achieve better cleaning. It also helps gather elementary data that can be used to predict the internal conditions in the pipe

Applications of Additive Manufacturing for Norwegian Oil and Gas Industries

The additive manufacturing or 3D printing (3DP) technologies have undergone exponential expansion, particularly in the previous couple of decades. Additive manufacturing technologies have paved the way for easy component manufacturing in large-scale and high-performance businesses. The introduction of desktop 3D printers has established 3DP as a reliable technique for generating prototypes and direct parts from CAD files. This technology is employed in an industrial setting for a range of purposes, including the invention and manufacture of customized and task-specific tools. This thesis looks at the benefits and drawbacks of deploying a 3D printer on an offshore facility to encourage on-site part manufacture, save operating costs, and reduce downtime. The thesis proposes ways for speeding and simplifying the creation of customized products. The approaches utilized were aimed to discover flaws and opportunities in offshore platforms' 3D printing processes. It also includes a comparative examination of production procedures, which will aid in decision-making. Furthermore, the technical structure of the proposed method would outline a path for developing prototype designs and tools to address identified difficulties. The proposed ideas and produced technologies could have a positive impact on the oil and gas industries' operations. The thesis also goes over the equipment needed for post-processing printed parts, as well as their availability on offshore platforms. The reliability issues associated with 3D printed parts are also addressed, which will improve RAMS analysis of printed parts

An integrated model for asset reliability, risk and production efficiency management in subsea oil and gas operations

PhD ThesisThe global demand for energy has been predicted to rise by 56% between 2010 and 2040 due to industrialization and population growth. This continuous rise in energy demand has consequently prompted oil and gas firms to shift activities from onshore oil fields to tougher terrains such as shallow, deep, ultra-deep and arctic fields. Operations in these domains often require deployment of unconventional subsea assets and technology. Subsea assets when installed offshore are super-bombarded by marine elements and human factors which increase the risk of failure. Whilst many risk standards, asset integrity and reliability analysis models have been suggested by many previous researchers, there is a gap on the capability of predictive reliability models to simultaneously address the impact of corrosion inducing elements such as temperature, pressure, pH corrosion on material wear-out and failure. There is also a gap in the methodology for evaluation of capital expenditure, human factor risk elements and use of historical data to evaluate risk. This thesis aims to contribute original knowledge to help improve production assurance by developing an integrated model which addresses pump-pipe capital expenditure, asset risk and reliability in subsea systems. The key contributions of this research is the development of a practical model which links four sub-models on reliability analysis, asset capital cost, event risk severity analysis and subsea risk management implementation. Firstly, an accelerated reliability analysis model was developed by incorporating a corrosion covariate stress on Weibull model of OREDA data. This was applied on a subsea compression system to predict failure times. A second methodology was developed by enhancing Hubbert oil production forecast model, and using nodal analysis for asset capital cost analysis of a pump-pipe system and optimal selection of best option based on physical parameters such as pipeline diameter, power needs, pressure drop and velocity of fluid. Thirdly, a risk evaluation method based on the mathematical determinant of historical event magnitude, frequency and influencing factors was developed for estimating the severity of risk in a system. Finally, a survey is conducted on subsea engineers and the results along with the previous models were developed into an integrated assurance model for ensuring asset reliability and risk management in subsea operations. A guide is provided for subsea asset management with due consideration to both technical and operational perspectives. The operational requirements of a subsea system can be measured, analysed and improved using the mix of mathematical, computational, stochastic and logical frameworks recommended in this work