5,574 research outputs found
Maximum power point tracking converter based on the open-circuit voltage method for thermoelectric generators
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert heat energy into electricity in a quantity dependant on the temperature difference across them and the electrical load applied. It is critical to track the optimum electrical operating point through the use of power electronic converters controlled by a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The MPPT method based on the opencircuit voltage is arguably the most suitable for the linear electrical characteristic of TEGs. This paper presents an innovative way to perform the open-circuit voltage measure during the pseudo-normal operation of the interfacing power electronic converter. The proposed MPPT technique is supported by theoretical analysis and used to control a synchronous buck-boost converter. The prototype MPPT converter is controlled by an inexpensive microcontroller, and a lead-acid battery is used to accumulate the harvested energy. Experimental results using commercial TEG devices prove that the converter accurately tracks the maximum power point during thermal transients. Precise measurements in steady state show that the converter finds the maximum power point with a tracking efficiency of 99.85%
The fabrication of micro-tapered optical fibres for sensing applications
This thesis describes the processes used to manufacture optical fibre tapers and tapered
long period gratings (TLPGs) using a CO2 laser. A semi-automated system for
fabricating adiabatic and non-adiabatic tapers with repeatable physical dimensions has
been developed. The tapers had waist diameters which were reproducible to within
± 0.5 μm. This system has also been used to fabricate TLPGs with periods ranging from
378 ÎĽm to 650 ÎĽm.
Novel techniques to monitor the process of fabricating tapers were also explored. These
techniques included; monitoring the transmission of the fibre using a
spectrophotometer, using an in-line fibre Bragg grating (FBG) to measure the strain
experienced by the optical fibre and the use of a near infra-red (NIR) camera to aid fibre
alignment and laser power optimisation. The spectrophotometer allowed the optical
properties of the tapers to be tailored for specific applications and the FBG provided
strain data for process optimisation. The use of a NIR camera and an FBG as an in-line
strain sensor are a novel use of these devices in a fibre tapering process.
Tapers were also thin-film coated using sputtering techniques to form surface plasmon
resonance sensors and their refractive index sensitivity was measured. A novel protein
sensor based on gold nanoparticles deposited on a fibre taper is also reported, together
with a lossy mode resonance taper sensor.
The TLPGs which were fabricated, comprised of between 6 to 18 periods. The
refractive index sensitivity of a 6 period TPLG was measured and was 372 nm/ RI.
Their resonance bands had twice the bandwidth and exhibited a higher extinction,
compared to UV-written long period gratings of a similar number of periods
- …