Named Data Networking in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

International audienceInformation-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as one of the future Internet architectures. It is poised to address the challenges faced by today's Internet that include, but not limited to, scalability, addressing, security, and privacy. Furthermore, it also aims at meeting the requirements for new emerging Internet applications. To realize ICN, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the recent implementations of ICN that provides a suitable communication approach due to its clean slate design and simple communication model. There are a plethora of applications realized through ICN in different domains where data is the focal point of communication. One such domain is Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) realized through Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) where vehicles exchange information and content with each other and with the infrastructure. To date, excellent research results have been yielded in the VANET domain aiming at safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience. However, due to the dynamic topologies, host-centric model, and ephemeral nature of vehicular communication, various challenges are faced by VANET that hinder the realization of successful vehicular networks and adversely affect the data dissemination, content delivery, and user experiences. To fill these gaps, NDN has been extensively used as underlying communication paradigm for VANET. Inspired by the extensive research results in NDN-based VANET, in this paper, we provide a detailed and systematic review of NDN-driven VANET. More precisely, we investigate the role of NDN in VANET and discuss the feasibility of NDN architecture in VANET environment. Subsequently, we cover in detail, NDN-based naming, routing and forwarding, caching, mobility, and security mechanism for VANET. Furthermore, we discuss the existing standards, solutions, and simulation tools used in NDN-based VANET. Finally, we also identify open challenges and issues faced by NDN-driven VANET and highlight future research directions that should be addressed by the research community

Access Control Mechanisms in Named Data Networks:A Comprehensive Survey

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has recently emerged as a prominent candidate for the Future Internet Architecture (FIA) that addresses existing issues with the host-centric communication model of the current TCP/IP-based Internet. Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the most recent and active ICN architectures that provides a clean slate approach for Internet communication. NDN provides intrinsic content security where security is directly provided to the content instead of communication channel. Among other security aspects, Access Control (AC) rules specify the privileges for the entities that can access the content. In TCP/IP-based AC systems, due to the client-server communication model, the servers control which client can access a particular content. In contrast, ICN-based networks use content names to drive communication and decouple the content from its original location. This phenomenon leads to the loss of control over the content causing different challenges for the realization of efficient AC mechanisms. To date, considerable efforts have been made to develop various AC mechanisms in NDN. In this paper, we provide a detailed and comprehensive survey of the AC mechanisms in NDN. We follow a holistic approach towards AC in NDN where we first summarize the ICN paradigm, describe the changes from channel-based security to content-based security and highlight different cryptographic algorithms and security protocols in NDN. We then classify the existing AC mechanisms into two main categories: Encryption-based AC and Encryption-independent AC. Each category has different classes based on the working principle of AC (e.g., Attribute-based AC, Name-based AC, Identity-based AC, etc). Finally, we present the lessons learned from the existing AC mechanisms and identify the challenges of NDN-based AC at large, highlighting future research directions for the community.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication by the ACM Computing Surveys. The final version will be published by the AC

Encaminhamento baseado no contexto em ICNs móveis

Over the last couple of decades, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been at the forefront of research, yet still are afflicted by high network fragmentation, due to their continuous node mobility and geographical dispersion. To address these concerns, a new paradigm was proposed - Information-Centric Networks(ICN), whose focus is the delivery of Content based on names, being ideal to attend to high latency environments. However, the main proposed solutions for content delivery in ICNs do not take into account the type of content nor the various available communication interfaces in each point of the network, a factor which can be deciding in mobile networks. The scope of this dissertation lies on the use of ICNs concepts for the delivery of both urgent and non-urgent information in urban mobile environments. In order to do so, a context-based forwarding strategy was proposed, with a very clear goal: to take advantage of both packet names and Data, and node's neighborhood analysis in order to successfully deliver content into the network in the shortest period of time, and without worsening network congestion. The design, implementation and validation of the proposed strategy was performed using the ndnSIM platform simulator along with real mobility traces from communication infrastructure of the Porto city. The results show that the proposed context-based forwarding strategy for mobile ICN presents a clear improvement in performance in terms of delivery, while maintaining network overhead at a constant. Furthermore, by means of better pathing and through cooperation with caching mechanisms, lower transmission delays can be attained.Nas últimas décadas, as redes veiculares ad hoc (VANETs) estiveram na vanguarda da pesquisa, mas continuam a ser afetadas por alta fragmentação na rede, devido à mobilidade contínua dos nós e a sua dispersão geográfica. Para abordar estes problemas, um novo paradigma foi proposto - Redes Centradas na Informação (ICN), cujo foco é a entrega de Conteúdo com base em nomes, sendo ideal para atender ambientes de alta latência. No entanto, as principais soluções propostas para entrega de conteúdo em ICNs não têm em conta o tipo de conteúdo nem as várias interfaces de comunicação disponíveis em cada ponto da rede, fator que pode ser determinante em redes móveis. O objetivo desta dissertação reside no uso dos conceitos de ICNs para a entrega de informações urgentes e não urgentes em ambientes móveis urbanos. Para isso, foi proposta uma estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto, com um objetivo muito claro: tirar proveito do nome e dados dos pacotes, e da análise de vizinhança dos nós, com vista em fornecer com êxito o conteúdo para a rede no menor período de tempo e sem piorar o congestionamento da rede. O desenho, implementação e validação da estratégia proposta foram realizados usando o simulador ndnSIM, juntamente com traces reais de mobilidade da infraestrutura de comunicação da cidade do Porto. Os resultados mostram que a estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto proposta para o ICN móvel apresenta uma clara melhoria no desempenho em termos de entrega, mantendo a carga da rede constante. Além disso, através da escolha de melhores caminhos e através da cooperação com mecanismos de armazenamento em cache, é possível alcançar atrasos de transmissão mais baixos.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic

Recent advances in information-centric networking based internet of things (ICN-IoT)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is being realized as a promising approach to accomplish the shortcomings of current IP-address based networking. ICN models are based on naming the content to get rid of address-space scarcity, accessing the content via name-based-routing, caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide reliable, efficient data delivery and self-certifying contents to ensure better security. Obvious benefits of ICN in terms of fast and efficient data delivery and improved reliability raises ICN as highly promising networking model for Internet of Things (IoTs) like environments. IoT aims to connect anyone and/or anything at any time by any path on any place. From last decade, IoTs attracts both industry and research communities. IoTs is an emerging research field and still in its infancy. Thus, this paper presents the potential of ICN for IoTs by providing state-of-the-art literature survey. We discuss briefly the feasibility of ICN features and their models (and architectures) in the context of IoT. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive survey on ICN based caching, naming, security and mobility approaches for IoTs with appropriate classification. Furthermore, we present operating systems (OS) and simulation tools for ICN-IoT. Finally, we provide important research challenges and issues faced by ICN for IoTs

Security and Privacy of IP-ICN Coexistence: A Comprehensive Survey

Internet usage has changed from its first design. Hence, the current Internet must cope with some limitations, including performance degradation, availability of IP addresses, and multiple security and privacy issues. Nevertheless, to unsettle the current Internet's network layer i.e., Internet Protocol with ICN is a challenging, expensive task. It also requires worldwide coordination among Internet Service Providers , backbone, and Autonomous Services. Additionally, history showed that technology changes e.g., from 3G to 4G, from IPv4 to IPv6 are not immediate, and usually, the replacement includes a long coexistence period between the old and new technology. Similarly, we believe that the process of replacement of the current Internet will surely transition through the coexistence of IP and ICN. Although the tremendous amount of security and privacy issues of the current Internet taught us the importance of securely designing the architectures, only a few of the proposed architectures place the security-by-design. Therefore, this article aims to provide the first comprehensive Security and Privacy analysis of the state-of-the-art coexistence architectures. Additionally, it yields a horizontal comparison of security and privacy among three deployment approaches of IP and ICN protocol i.e., overlay, underlay, and hybrid and a vertical comparison among ten considered security and privacy features. As a result of our analysis, emerges that most of the architectures utterly fail to provide several SP features including data and traffic flow confidentiality, availability and communication anonymity. We believe this article draws a picture of the secure combination of current and future protocol stacks during the coexistence phase that the Internet will definitely walk across

Resource identification in fog-to-cloud systems: toward an identity management strategy

og-to-Cloud (F2C) is a novel paradigm aiming at extending the cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network through the hierarchical and coordinated management of both, centralized cloud datacenters and distributed fog resources. It will allow all kinds of devices that are capable to connect to the F2C network to share its idle resources and access both, service provider and third parties’ resources to expand its own capabilities. However, despite the numerous advantages offered by the F2C model, such as the possibility of offloading delay-sensitive tasks to a nearby device and using the cloud infrastructure in the execution of resource-intensive tasks, the list of open challenges that needs to be addressed to have a deployable F2C system is pretty long. In this paper we focus on the resource identification challenge, proposing an identity management system (IDMS) solution that starts assigning identifiers (IDs) to the devices in the F2C network in a decentralized fashion using hashes and afterwards, manages the usage of those IDs applying a fragmentation technique. The obtained results during the validation phase show that our proposal not only meets the desired IDMS characteristics, but also that the fragmentation strategy is aligned with the constrained nature of the devices in the lowest tier of the network hierarchy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mobility-aware Software-Defined Service-Centric Networking for Service Provisioning in Urban Environments

Disruptive applications for mobile devices, such as the Internet of Things, Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, Immersive Media, and others, have requirements that the current Cloud Computing paradigm cannot meet. These unmet requirements bring the necessity to deploy geographically distributed computing architectures, such as Fog and Mobile Edge Computing. However, bringing computing close to users has its costs. One example of cost is the complexity introduced by the management of the mobility of the devices at the edge. This mobility may lead to issues, such as interruption of the communication with service instances hosted at the edge or an increase in communication latency during mobility events, e.g., handover. These issues, caused by the lack of mobility-aware service management solutions, result in degradation in service provisioning. The present thesis proposes a series of protocols and algorithms to handle user and service mobility at the edge of the network. User mobility is characterized when user change access points of wireless networks, while service mobility happens when services have to be provisioned from different hosts. It assembles them in a solution for mobility-aware service orchestration based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and runs on top of Software-Defined Networking (SDN). This solution addresses three issues related to handling user mobility at the edge: (i) proactive support for user mobility events, (ii) service instance addressing management, and (iii) distributed application state data management. For (i), we propose a proactive SDN-based handover scheme. For (ii), we propose an ICN addressing strategy to remove the necessity of updating addresses after service mobility events. For (iii), we propose a graph-based framework for state data placement in the network nodes that accounts for user mobility and latency requirements. The protocols and algorithms proposed in this thesis were compared with different approaches from the literature through simulation. Our results show that the proposed solution can reduce service interruption and latency in the presence of user and service mobility events while maintaining reasonable overhead costs regarding control messages sent in the network by the SDN controller