2,024 research outputs found
UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024
The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp
Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law
This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023
The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp
A Review of Deep Learning Models for Twitter Sentiment Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities
Microblogging site Twitter (re-branded to X since July 2023) is one of the most influential online social media websites, which offers a platform for the masses to communicate, expresses their opinions, and shares information on a wide range of subjects and products, resulting in the creation of a large amount of unstructured data. This has attracted significant attention from researchers who seek to understand and analyze the sentiments contained within this massive user-generated text. The task of sentiment analysis (SA) entails extracting and identifying user opinions from the text, and various lexicon-and machine learning-based methods have been developed over the years to accomplish this. However, deep learning (DL)-based approaches have recently become dominant due to their superior performance. This study briefs on standard preprocessing techniques and various word embeddings for data preparation. It then delves into a taxonomy to provide a comprehensive summary of DL-based approaches. In addition, the work compiles popular benchmark datasets and highlights evaluation metrics employed for performance measures and the resources available in the public domain to aid SA tasks. Furthermore, the survey discusses domain-specific practical applications of SA tasks. Finally, the study concludes with various research challenges and outlines future outlooks for further investigation
University bulletin 2023-2024
This catalog for the University of South Carolina at Beaufort lists information about the college, the academic calendar, admission policies, degree programs, faculty and course descriptions
ETHICAL EVALUATION IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: ART, ANIMAL-VISITOR INTERACTIONS AND EMERGENCIES IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
Nell’attuale crisi globale della biodiversità è sempre più cruciale valutare le questioni eticamente rilevanti e considerare la natura pluralistica della conservazione della biodiversità . L'etica della conservazione fornisce strumenti per eseguire tali valutazioni e assistere nei processi decisionali. La tesi di questo dottorato di ricerca presenta studi in cui vengono utilizzati strumenti per eseguire valutazioni etiche e multidisciplinari per valutare progetti di conservazione e gestione della fauna selvatica. Pertanto, questo lavoro di dottorato mostra tre diverse aree di applicazione dell'etica della conservazione: Conservation ART, le interazioni animale-visitatore e le sfide nella gestione della fauna selvatica durante l'emergenza COVID-19.
Nella prima sezione, la valutazione etica è stata applicata nel contesto del progetto BioRescue, in cui le tecnologie di riproduzione assistita (ART) sono utilizzate nello sforzo di salvare il rinoceronte bianco settentrionale (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) dall’estinzione. Le tecnologie di riproduzione assistita possono fare la differenza nella conservazione della biodiversità , ma la loro applicazione può sollevare questioni eticamente rilevanti che necessitano di essere affrontate. Pertanto, in primo luogo, è stata utilizzata la Matrice Etica (EM) per presentare un quadro per l'analisi etica dell'applicazione delle procedure ART nella conservazione. L'EM, anche se specificamente costruita attorno alle procedure di prelievo di ovociti (OPU) effettuate su rinoceronti bianchi, ha permesso di raggruppare i fattori eticamente rilevanti, identificare e valutare complessi scenari morali in cui diversi bisogni, interessi e preoccupazioni etiche possono entrare in conflitto e fornire infine un modello per la valutazione delle procedure ART in progetti che coinvolgono altre specie in via di estinzione.
In seguito, viene presentato un nuovo strumento di valutazione etica (ETHAS) specificamente sviluppato per valutare l’applicazione delle procedure ART in conservazione, e vengono illustrati i risultati delle prime applicazioni. ETHAS, con le sue due liste checklist che lo compongono, permette di effettuare un'autovalutazione integrata, multilivello e standardizzata della procedura in esame, generando una classifica di accettabilità etica e consentendo l'attuazione di misure per affrontare o gestire eventuali problemi in anticipo. ETHAS, specificatamente customizzato per l'OPU e le procedure di fecondazione in vitro eseguite sul rinoceronte bianco settentrionale, hanno permesso di garantire un elevato standard delle procedure, migliorare alcuni aspetti della comunicazione tra i partner del progetto e migliorare lo strumento stesso al fine di essere applicato nel prossimo futuro ad altri contesti in cui le ART vengono utilizzate per la conservazione di altre specie di mammiferi.
Nell'ultimo studio presentato nella prima sezione, la matrice etica, l'albero decisionale e il cubo di Bateson sono stati adattati per assistere nell'analisi etica di un complesso scenario relativo alla decisione se continuare o meno la raccolta di biomateriale sul più anziano dei due rimanenti rinoceronti bianchi settentrionali, Najin. Strutturando questi strumenti per implementare le diverse dimensioni di valore (ambientale, sociale e benessere animale) coinvolte nell'etica della conservazione, è stato possibile raccogliere pro e contro, confrontare le diverse opzioni e stabilire una soglia di accettabilità etica. L'applicazione degli strumenti è stata fondamentale per strutturare il processo decisionale e aiutare a raggiungere la decisione condivisa, ragionata e trasparente di sospendere Najin da qualsiasi ulteriore procedura di prelievo di ovociti.
L'etica della conservazione può anche aiutare ad esplorare le questioni etiche riguardanti la gestione della fauna selvatica durante le interazioni animale-visitatore (AVI) che si svolgono nelle strutture zoologiche. A questo proposito, la Sezione 2In the global biodiversity crisis, it is increasingly crucial to evaluate ethically relevant issues and consider the pluralistic nature of biodiversity conservation. Conservation ethics provides tools to perform such evaluation and assist in the decision-making processes. This Ph.D. thesis presents studies in which ethical tools are used to perform ethical evaluation and multidisciplinary assessments to approach conservation projects and wildlife management. Three different areas of application of conservation ethics are discussed: Conservation ART, animal-visitor interactions, and challenges in wildlife management during the COVID-19 emergency.
In the first area, ethical evaluation has been applied in the context of the BioRescue project, an international project in which assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are used in the effort to save the endangered northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). Assisted reproductive technologies can make a difference in biodiversity conservation, but their application can raise ethical issues that need to be addressed. Therefore, firstly, an Ethical Matrix (EM) has been used to present a framework for the ethical analysis of the application of ART procedures in conservation. The EM, specifically built around the ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures carried out on white rhinoceros, allowed to collect ethically relevant factors to identify issues and value conflicts, evaluates complex moral scenarios where different needs, interests, and ethical concerns may conflict, and provides a template for the assessment of ART procedures in projects involving endangered species. Therefore, a new ethical evaluation tool (ETHAS) specifically developed to assess ART procedures in conservation is presented, and the first application results are reported. ETHAS, with its two checklists, provides an integrated, multilevel, and standardized self-assessment of the procedure under scrutiny, generating an ethical acceptability ranking and allowing for implementing measures to address or manage issues beforehand. ETHAS customized for OPU and in vitro fertilization procedures performed on the northern white rhinoceros allowed for ensuring a high standard of procedures, improving some aspects of the communication among the projects’ partners, and improving the tool itself, in order to be applied in the near future to other contexts in which ARTs are applied for the conservation of other mammal species. Finally, in the last study presented in the first section, the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson’s cube have been adapted to assist in the ethical analysis of a complex conservation scenarios relative to the decision regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses. By structuring these tools to implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics, it has been possible to gather ethical pros and cons, compare the different options at stake, and establish a threshold of ethical acceptability. The application of the tools was pivotal in structuring the decision-making process and helping reach the shared, reasoned, and the transparent decision to discontinue Najin from any further oocyte collection procedures.
Conservation ethics can also assist in exploring the ethical issues concerning wildlife management during animal-visitor interactions (AVI). In this regard, Section 2 of this thesis presents studies concerning AVIs. Firstly, a participatory process has been followed with an Ethical Matrix to explore welfare and management issues related to AVIs. The inclusion of the stakeholders' perspectives allowed to record all the value demands concerning AVI and provide a map of the ethically relevant aspects involved. This map shows how the ethical acceptability of AVIs is linked to different relevant issues like animal welfare, education, and biodiversit
The Biometric Evolution of Sound and Space
Auditoria in the late 20th and 21st centuries have evolved into a series of spatial conventions that are an established and accepted norm. The relationship between space and music now exists in a decoupled condition, and music is no longer reliant on volumetric and material conditions to define its form (Glantz 2000).
This thesis looks at a series of novel approaches to investigate how the links between music and space can be reconnected though evolutionary computation, parametric modelling, virtual acoustics and biometric sensing. The thesis describes in detail the experiments undertaken in developing methodologies in linking music, space and the body.
The thesis will show how it is possible to develop new form finding and musical generation tools that allow new room shapes and acoustic measures to inform how new acoustic and musical forms can be developed unconsciously and objectively by a listener, in response to sound and site
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Book chapter. No abstract available
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