110,646 research outputs found
The way of chinese medical reform : new trends in the era of the “internet+” and big data
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA China Ă© um paĂs com uma população imensa, com recursos mĂ©dicos insuficientes e distribuição desigual. Portanto, existem muitos problemas no serviço de saĂşde. Devido ao desenvolvimento atrasado do sistema mĂ©dico, a qualidade dos recursos mĂ©dicos Ă© baixa, o custo Ă© alto e a eficiĂŞncia dos serviços mĂ©dicos Ă© baixa. Um dos principais fatores explicativos dessa situação Ă© a falta de apoio do governo e seguro mĂ©dico imperfeito. Para resolver esse problema, o governo começou a reformar o sistema de segurança mĂ©dica. Desde a reforma do seguro mĂ©dico de 1988, apĂłs várias mudanças, o sistema de seguro mĂ©dico da China amadureceu gradualmente. A tese descreve brevemente a estrutura básica, o conteĂşdo e o caminho da mudança nos cuidados de saĂşde. E as deficiĂŞncias do atual sistema de seguro mĂ©dico. A análise introduz o papel da "Internet+" e da "big data" na reforma do sistema de seguro mĂ©dico e avalia as potencialidades da sua introdução e operacionalização para a gestĂŁo e governança do sistema de saĂşde.China is a population republic country has insufficient medical resources and uneven distribution. Therefore, there are many medical problems. Due to the backward development of the medical system, the quality of medical resources is poor, the efficiency of medical services is low, and the cost is high, which brings many difficulties for the Chinese people to seek medical treatment. However, one of the main factors of these problems is the lack of government support and imperfect medical insurance. To solve this problem, the government began to reform the medical security system. Since the 1988 medical insurance reform, after several changes, China's medical insurance system has gradually matured. The thesis will briefly describe the basic framework, content and path of change in health care. And the shortcomings of the current medical insurance system. According to the characteristics of the times, talk about the impact of "Internet +" and "Big Data" on the current Chinese industry, including people's lives. Therefore, the analysis introduces the positive role of big data Internet for the reform of medical insurance system, and provides convenience for the management and governance of medical insurance system. Analyze whether "Internet +" and "Big Data" can lead to new trends in the reform of the health care system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Because we can - eHealth encounters New Public Management in Swedish Healthcare
Since November 2012 all citizens in Uppsala County in Sweden have access to their medical record on the internet sight “my health contacts”. This is the first step in a EU deployment- project where a total of 12 different eHealth services will be launched over time. The IT director of the county has engaged himself in the idea of medical records and other eHealth services since 1997 and has had several setbacks before the actual project was launched. He himself claims that the reason behind his interest to develop the service was mainly that the technique existed, inspired by the internet bank, and that it was possible, or as he puts it – because we can! In 2010 a national strategy for eHealth was launched by; the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, The Swedish Association of Health Professionals and Famna. According to the strategy eHealth services will increase the quality of care and patients involvement in the care process. From our interviews with some of the key organizers of the service: Key authorities, professional organizations, organizers of the implementation project together with the official debate, we can detect different logics and rhetorics for and against the service, in different parts of the field. Some are in line with the NPM discourse but it is far from a perfect fit. Our aim with the paper is thus to sort out the aims behind the “eHealth reform” and hopefully give an example of what might be a new trend in the public sector
History and Options Regarding the Unfunded Liabilities of Alaska’s Public Employees’ and Teachers’ Retirement Systems
In early 2003, financial analysts working for the State of Alaska announced that the two largest
public employee retirement systems in Alaska had become significantly underfunded.3 From
fiscal year 2006 (July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006) to date, the state has paid 534.7 million annually)—to pay down these obligations, which will be called
“unfunded liabilities” in this paper.4
The State of Alaska has substantial unfunded liabilities remaining to pay off for these two
systems, the Public Employees’ Retirement System (PERS) and the Teachers’ Retirement
System (TRS). There is uncertainty about the size of these unfunded liabilities, and there are also
different ways of calculating them. For example, the State of Alaska’s snapshot balance-sheet
approach, subtracting the accrued liabilities from the assets, based on their actuarial value,
produces an estimate of 33.9 billion for the state’s unfunded liabilities.
6
The State of Alaska has committed to paying off the unfunded liabilities under a 25-year
amortization schedule that started in 2014, so another highly relevant measurement of those
liabilities appears to be the amount actuaries for the state currently project will be needed under
that pay-off plan, which runs through fiscal year 2039. The state’s actuaries project that from
fiscal year 2019 through fiscal year 2039 the state will pay a total of 6.609 billion, this estimate of 10.815 billion is an
estimate of the total amount needed to eliminate the unfunded liabilities of PERS and TRS under
the 25-year amortization schedule the state adopted in 2014.
4
Note that this state assistance is above and beyond the amount the state is projected to owe in its
role as employer in the normal course of funding the two systems.8 Employers other than the
state—primarily local governments and school districts—also participate in PERS and TRS, and
the figure for state assistance covers not only unfunded liabilities attributed to the state but also a
portion of the unfunded liabilities attributed to non-state employers. As explained more later, the
state has assumed, by statute, the responsibility to pay for a share of the unfunded liability of
these other employers.
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This paper:
• Describes the structure of the Alaska public employee retirement systems in the context
of some unusual features of public employment on the Last Frontier
• Reviews how the problem of unfunded liabilities came about
• Examines how concerns over unfunded liabilities produced both changes and proposed
changes in the retirement systems over the past dozen years, including proposals for
changes in the allocation of burdens between the state and local governments in paying
for retirement benefits
• Describes current projections of future amounts needed to pay off the unfunded liabilities
• Discusses how future estimates of the unfunded liabilities might change in response to
economic and demographic factors
• Discusses legal provisions protecting the rights of beneficiaries of the retirement systems
• Lays out options for policymakers—other than the current policy of paying down the
unfunded liabilities over time—including buyout, bailout, and bankruptcyNorthrim Bank
University of Alaska Foundatio
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