First impressions: A survey on vision-based apparent personality trait analysis

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Personality analysis has been widely studied in psychology, neuropsychology, and signal processing fields, among others. From the past few years, it also became an attractive research area in visual computing. From the computational point of view, by far speech and text have been the most considered cues of information for analyzing personality. However, recently there has been an increasing interest from the computer vision community in analyzing personality from visual data. Recent computer vision approaches are able to accurately analyze human faces, body postures and behaviors, and use these information to infer apparent personality traits. Because of the overwhelming research interest in this topic, and of the potential impact that this sort of methods could have in society, we present in this paper an up-to-date review of existing vision-based approaches for apparent personality trait recognition. We describe seminal and cutting edge works on the subject, discussing and comparing their distinctive features and limitations. Future venues of research in the field are identified and discussed. Furthermore, aspects on the subjectivity in data labeling/evaluation, as well as current datasets and challenges organized to push the research on the field are reviewed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Objectifying fitness: A content and thematic analysis of #Fitspiration images on social media.

Research suggests that exposure to #fitspiration content can result in increased body dissatisfaction. Employing a data-driven approach, the present study examines the nature of images and text contained within #fitspiration posts on social media. First, a content analysis of images labelled as #fitspiration on popular site Instagram (N = 1,000) was performed. People featured in 52% of images, of which nearly 90% of individuals were coded as having low body fat and 55% were coded as muscular. Individuals were typically presented in sexually objectified ways, which varied as a function of gender. Second, a thematic analysis of text from the same set of images (N = 400) was conducted to identify common themes and underlying meaning embedded within the messages. Six themes were developed: (1) Fit is sexy, (2) A fit physique requires commitment and self-regulation, (3) Your choices define you, (4) Pleasure and perseverance through pain, (5) Battle of the selves: You vs. You, and (6) Here’s to us! A celebration of a community. In combination, the analyses demonstrate how text and images found in #fitspiration posts perpetuate pervading sociocultural appearance ideals for men and women, positioning exercise as means to achieving these ideals. Furthermore, #fitspiration sexually objectifies the fit body, with text and images encouraging self-objectification and the distancing of the self from internal bodily functions in physical activity settings. Future research should focus on how #fitspiration content influences individuals in relation to how they think and feel about their body and physical activity

NEVER SILENCE MY SEXY: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY STUDY WITH YOUNG BLACK WOMEN WHO HAVE ENGAGED IN SEXY SELFIES

Hip Hop feminist research seeks to combat oppressive experiences of Black women by encouraging them to share their stories through its main tenets: fuck with the grays (Morgan, 2017), bring wreck (Pough, 2015), and pleasure politics (Morgan, 2015). Previous research on sexy selfies has mainly investigated the trends, motivations, and dangers of these practices, but only a few include the lived experiences and voices of Black women. Building on research surrounding identity and sexy selfie engagement within 21st century Hip Hop (HH) and social media cultures, this HH feminist narrative inquiry study investigated the following research questions: (1) How is young Black womens identity development influenced and shaped by sexy selfie practices? (2) In young Black women, what characteristics of identity are influenced by sexy selfie practices? (3) In young Black women, how are these characteristics of identity shaped by social media and sexy selfie practices? Nine young Black women, aged 18-24, from an urban city in the southern region of the United States participated in this study. Participants were asked to engage in one semi-structured interview and complete four reflective journal entries. The researcher kept field journals as well. The resulting data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis with respect to two levels of theory: Hip Hop feminist theory at the macro level and identity development theories (e.g. gendered-racial identity, sexual scripting, and sexual attachment) at mid-level. The following themes emerged: (1) there is an other that impacts young Black womens display of sexiness; (2) sexy selfies empower Black women to fuck with the grays and bring wreck to oppressive sexuality constraints; (3) social media is a creative space and an outlet for Black women to represent themselves, and (4) everyone is doing it; so protect, not silence us. In addition, nine unique narratives highlighting participants sexy selfie experiences were co-created through creative analytic practice. This study demonstrates the importance of Hip Hop and social media as outlets for creative and expressional freedom and establishes the need for (1) laws to help protect Black youth who feel oppressed, demoralized, and silenced; and (2) critical media literacy and educational reform that would mandate a critical analysis of the images prevalent in lives of youth

보정어플을 통한 SNS 사용자들의 자기 표현

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 생활과학대학 의류학과, 2023. 2. 하지수.오늘날의 사회에서 기술의 발전은 문화와 생활 방식에 대한 접근 방식을 변화시켰고, 결과적으로 새로운 자기 표현 방식을 탄생시켰다. 이러한 변화의 중심에 소셜 네트워킹 플랫폼이 있는데 사람들이 오프라인보다 온라인에서 더 많은 활동을 하고 시간을 투자함으로써 전통적인 사회 구조와 상호 작용 방식이 달라졌다는 것을 쉽게 볼 수가 있다. 이러한 새롭게 변화된 온라인 환경에서, 보정과정을 거친 개인의 셀카는 다른 사람들과의 시각적 의사소통과 참여의 주요 매개체이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 소셜 미디어에서 자신의 프레젠테이션을 지원하는 도구인 셀카와 사진 보정 앱 내의 표현 특성을 조사하는 데 있다. 연구는 총 세개의 연구문제로 이루어져 있으며 첫째, 소셜 미디어의 온라인 특성과 다른 사람과의 상호작용에 미치는 영향에 대한 조사는 온라인 미디어와의 개인적인 자기표현이 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하는 바탕으로, 앱을 사용하여 셀카를 편집하는 소셜 미디어 사용자의 근본적인 동기를 파악한다. 둘째, 소셜 미디어 사용자의 욕구에 특정 방식으로 영향을 미치는 다양한 요소들이 이러한 요소들이 사용자의 자아 이미지 표현에 대한 접근 방식을 어떻게 형성하는지 탐구한다. 마지막으로, 이상적인 '자기'에 대한 묘사에서 서로 다른 소셜 미디어 사용자의 다양한 욕구에 대한 더 깊은 이해를 얻기 위해 자기 개념 및 이미지와 관련된 특정 앱 기능과 자기 표현 방식 간의 상관관계를 조사한다. 방법론적 측면에서 질적 접근법을 선택하였으며, 위에 열거된 목적에 대한 자료를 수집하기 위해 총 20명의 한국 참가자를 대상으로 개별 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 면접참여자 자신의 주관적 경험을 통해 이해하고자 하는 의미현상을 효과적으로 보존하고 있기 때문에 Giorgi의 서술적 현상학적 방법을 자료분석의 틀로 활용하였다. 분석된 자료의 결과는 사진편집 앱 사용동기 내 3개 범주(소셜미디어의 영향, 외모 가꾸기, 온라인 문화의 적응), 자기표현의 영향요인 내 5개 범주(자기결정 자율성 요인, 소셜미디어 매체 성격 요인, 개인적인 관점 요인, 소셜미디어 사용자 요인, 사회적 요인), 소셜 미디어 사용자의 자기 프레젠테이션 및 편집 셀카에 대한 접근 방식에서 공유된 일반 규칙 내의 네 가지 범주(진정성 있는 자기표션, '가짜'로 보일 것을 두려워하여 극단적인 편집을 피하는 행동, 일반적인 편집 관련 보정 규칙, 셀카 편집 도구의 자연스러운 활용방법), 추구하는 온라인 자기 이미지 내의 여섯 가지 범주(자연스러운 이미지, 내가 원하는 대로 삶을 사는 이미지, 다양하고 제한되지 않는 이미지, 호불호가 없어 다양한 사람들에게 호감을 사는 이미지, 상냥하고 다가가기 쉬운 이미지, 도시적이고 세련된 이미지)로 분류 된다. 본 연구의 결과는 전반적으로 사진편집 앱을 통해 매개되는 자신의 자기표현에 대한 시각지향적 소셜미디어 플랫폼의 역동성의 중요성뿐만 아니라 소셜미디어 사용자의 개별적인 자기 이미지 욕구가 어떻게 반영되는지에 대한 철저한 이해를 제공하기 부분에서 연구 의의가 있다.In today's society, advances in technology have transformed approaches to culture and lifestyles, resulting in a different mode of self presentation as well. Traditional social structures and modes of interactions have shifted, as individuals spend more time online than offline, with social networking platforms at the center of this change. Here, the used of edited selfies are the main mediums of visual communication and engagement with others. This studys objectives lie in the investigation of expressive characteristics within selfies and especially photo-editing apps, as tools to assist ones self presentation on social media. First, an inspection of the online nature of social media and its influence on interactions with others is used as a foundation to understand how personal self presentation with online mediums work, and also identify social media users underlying motivations for using apps to edit selfies. Second various factors that influence social media users desires be viewed in a certain way are explored, along with how these factors shape the users approaches to their expression of self-image. Lastly, the correlations between specific app features and ways of self-presentation in relation to self-concept and image are examined to gain a deeper comprehension on the diverse desires of different social media users in their portrayal of the ideal self. A qualitative approach in terms of methodology was chosen, in which individual in-depth interviews of a total of twenty participants from South Korea was conducted to gather data concerning the aims listed above. Giorgis descriptive phenomenological method was used as the frame for data analysis as it effectively preserves the meaning phenomena this study wishes to understand through interview participants own subjective experience. Results of analyzed data revealed three categories within photo-editing app usage motivations (influence of social media, polishing ones appearance, online acculturation), five categories within influencing factors of self presentation (self autonomy factors, nature of social media medium factors, personal perspective factors, social media user factors, socio-cultural factors), four categories within shared general rules of social media users in their approach to self presentation and editing selfies (authentic style of self presentation, avoiding extreme edits in fear of looking 'fake', general rules of edits, natural methods of selfie editing tool), and six categories in desired online self-image (natural image, living life as I want image, diverse and unrestricted image, crowd-pleaser image, amiable and easy-going image, urban and refined image) Overall, the findings of this study are of value as it provides a thorough understanding of not only the significance of the dynamics of a visual-oriented social media platform on ones self presentation mediated through photo-editing apps, but also how the distinct editing processes of social media users reflect of their individual self-image desires.Chapter I. Introduction 1 1. Background 1 2. Research Purpose, Questions, Implications 3 Chapter II. Literature Review 6 1. The Concept of 'Self' and Self Presentation 6 1.1 The 'Self' and Self-Concept 6 1.2 Self Presentation and Impression Management (Goffman) 7 1.3 Self Presentation and Impression Management (Leary and Kowalski) 8 2. Rise of the Social Media 10 2.1 Characteristics and Applications of Social Media 10 2.2 Online Self Presentation and Identity Exploration 11 3. Selfie, Selfie Editing and Beauty Apps 14 3.1 The 'Selfie' 14 3.2 The Normalization of Selfie Editing 15 3.3 Proliferation of Photo-Editing Apps 16 3.4 Influence of Self-Discrepancy on Self Esteem 19 4. Fashion Image and Self Presentation 21 4.1 Fashion Image and Self Concept 21 Chapter III. Methodology 24 1. Phenomenology 24 2. In-depth Interview (IDI) 25 3. Interview Design 25 3.1 Participants Selection and Recruitment 25 3.2 Interview Structure 27 3.3 Interview Question 28 4. Procedures 29 4.1 IRB Approval 29 4.2 Data Collection 29 4.3 Data Analysis 29 Chapter IV. Results (Empirical Study) 32 1. Overview of results 32 2. Photo-Editing App Usage Motivations 32 2.1 Influence of Social Media 32 2.2 Polishing One's Appearance 38 2.3 Online Acculturation 45 3. Influencing Factors of Self Presentation 50 3.1 Self Autonomy Factors 50 3.2 Nature of Social Media Medium Factors 55 3.3 Personal Perspective Factors 58 3.4 Social Media User Factors 60 3.5 Socio-Cultural Factors 63 4. Shared General Rules of Social Media Users 68 4.1 Authentic Style of Self Presentation 68 4.2 Avoiding Extreme Edits in Fear of Looking 'Fake' 75 4.3 General Rules of Edits 83 4.4 Natural Methods of Selfie Editing Tool 86 5. Desired Online 'Self' Image 89 5.1 Natural Image 89 5.2 Living Life as I want, Image 92 5.3 Diverse and Unrestricted Image 95 5.4 Crowd-Pleaser Image 98 5.5 Amiable, Easy-Going Image 103 5.6 Urban and Refined Image 108 Chapter V. Conclusion and Discussion 114 Bibliography 117 Abstract in Korean 125석

Seeing Ourselves Through Technology

Cultural and Media Studies, New Media and Digital Media, Media and Cultural Theory, Popular Cultur

Portraits, Preservation & Pedigrees: An Introduction to Photographic Portraiture, Photographs as a Means of Genealogical Research, and a Preservation Case Study of the Howard D. Beach Studio Collection of Glass Plate Negatives

Photography is an established art form that combines the knowledge of chemistry, light, and optics to render an image. Initially, the image is captured on a flat surface coated with emulsion and combined with an exposure to sunlight or another illuminating source. Today, images are captured by digital methods. Artistically, the photograph may reveal sceneries of landscapes, of treasured belongings and of people, as they are seen to the human eye. Photographic portraiture is the oldest style of photography next to landscape imagery, due to commercial photographers setting up studios and experimenting with photography’s many cameras, plates, and emulsions. In the late nineteenth century, the dry gelatin glass plate negative emerged to replace its predecessors, and created a booming business in photographic material manufacturers. Today, museums, archives and libraries in the United States are using current technologies and knowledge of the dry gelatin glass plate negative to preserve them for long-term accessibility and research use. Of the many research uses, genealogists use these plates to identify ancestors and build upon a family history. This thesis will provide a brief history of photography, an insight into photographic portraiture, and steps to preserve dry gelatin glass plate negatives. It will also involve a background of genealogical research with the use of photographs. Lastly, this paper will contain a case study conducted by the author of the preservation and genealogical research of the Howard D. Beach Studio Photography Collection of Glass Plate Negatives, as provided by The Buffalo History Museum in Buffalo, New York

Fat as a Feminist Issue: Activism and Agency in the Body Positive Movement

This thesis examines the way hashtag networks impact the expression of contemporary activism and agency, focusing on the #BodyPositive movement (BPM). It investigates the new possibilities for fat identity formation introduced by the Instagram imaging platform. My study historically contextualises the fat female body within Western culture to enable appreciation of the systemic discrimination and policing imposed within a patriarchal society. This retrospective applies an intersectional approach, with particular emphasis on the structural inequalities encountered by black women of colour (BWOC) along the axes of weight, gender and racial identity.The research is based on responses from over five hundred online survey participants. The survey provided an opportunity to critically interrogate Instagrammers about their protest habits and any underlying feminist motivations. Participant observation fieldwork was also undertaken at three offline body positive events. These descriptive accounts advance current debates querying the political inclinations of those engaged in so-called ‘slacktivism.’ Qualitative research is used to challenge traditional conceptualisations of activism and assert the integral role the body occupies in claims-making. A feminist lens is deployed to investigate how hashtaggers use Instagram’s photographic processes to re-represent the fat female body for protest purposes. Analysis is further supported by the application of social movement theory (SMT) to determine whether social media activity can be classified as social movement activity.Feminist debate is taken in a new direction through recognising the camera as a significant campaign instrument and not merely a source of objectification. Content creators are understood as agentic subjects reclaiming their fatness from conventionally derogative discourses. Research found body exhibitionism can be experienced as empowering by fat women occupying femininities associated with stigma and shame. However, it makes an important contribution to feminist scholarship in highlighting the drawbacks to digital activism, such as algorithmic bias, which diminishes the visibility of already marginalised groups

Adolescent Visual Voices: Discovering Emerging Identities Through Photovoice, Perspective and Narrative

This qualitative multicase study seeks to create dynamic pedagogical space - meaning making capacities encouraging multiple types of participation - where adolescent voices are privileged. Opening pedagogical space sits at the intersection of feminist standpoint theory, critical consciousness and social constructivism. Disturbingly, space supporting the inner lives and voices of students is shrinking in current educational environments, partially due to prescriptive curricula and rigid standards. The rationale for this study emanates from the researcher’s (as co-participant) educational journey and professional experience at the middle school and higher education levels. This study’s purpose explores, “what happens when space is created for middle school students to engage in photovoice participatory action research with narrative self-construction and perspective taking?” The writer’s assumptions comprise thinking around photography stimulating renewal of classroom space for imagining, sharing lived experiences and exploring alternative possibilities. Participants include 15 middle school students across two case studies situated in voluntary after school programs. Participant sites constitute a suburban middle school and an urban University in partnership with community outreach. Qualitative methodology, including a photovoice participatory action hybrid model, informs the two cycle analyses: visual content analysis codes photographs through frequency counts leading to meta-themes while thematic narrative analysis examines discussions and narrative self construction through In Vivo coding leading to meta-theme construction. Framed by three guiding questions, findings are advanced and through reflection and synthesis, the following analytic categories emerge supported by the conceptual framework – pedagogical space reveals strengths; diffuses power; and explores identity. Researcher assumptions are challenged as participants use pedagogical spaces to showcase, “here’s what I am,” rather than, “here’s what I long to be.” Conclusions gleaned from findings include: photographs are multiliteracies opening channels for communication, comprehension and cultural diversity; and middle school students seek power neutral opportunities to explore identity, demonstrate what they know, and engage in topics they care about. Recommendations support classroom habits integrating new literacies, museum components, bi-weekly autobiographical narratives and reflexive memo writing. This research contributes to the fields of adolescent identity, disciplinary literacy, feminist theory, participatory action research, secondary education and visual arts

Saint Mary\u27s Magazine - Spring 2016

https://digitalcommons.stmarys-ca.edu/saint-marys-magazine/1005/thumbnail.jp

Instagram Influencers: The Effects of Sponsorship on Follower Engagement With Fitness Instagram Celebrities

Instagram influencer marketing is one of the fastest growing trends in advertising. Part of what makes influencers so powerful is their ability to foster parasocial relationships with their followers. But does this relationship change when an influencer becomes affiliated with brands? This study assessed how brand promotions affect follower engagement with influencer posts through the lens of source credibility theory. A quantitative content analysis was performed on 100 fitness influencer posts and their comments (N = 7,716) to determine if followers interact differently with sponsored and organic posts. Significant differences in follower engagement and sentiments were found between sponsored and organic content. The researcher also conducted interviews with ten Instagram fitness influencers and found that influencers notice these effects and take steps to mediate them. These findings can benefit influencers and brand managers by providing them with some best practices for keeping engagement up during influencer campaigns. It also provides us with a greater understanding of the power of online communities and their influence on consumer opinion