CPPS-3D: a methodology to support cyber physical production systems design, development and deployment

Master’s dissertation in Production EngineeringCyber-Physical Production Systems are widely recognized as the key to unlock the full potential benefits of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Cyber-Physical Production Systems Design, Development and Deployment methodology is a systematic approach in assessing necessities, identifying gaps and then designing, developing and deploying solutions to fill such gaps. It aims to support and drive enterprise’s evolution to the new working environment promoted by the availability of Industry 4.0 paradigms and technologies while challenged by the need to increment a continuous improvement culture. The proposed methodology considers the different dimensions within enterprises related with their levels of organization, competencies and technology. It is a two-phased sequentially-stepped process to enable discussion, reflection/reasoning, decision-making and action-taking towards evolution. The first phase assesses an enterprise across its Organizational, Technological and Human dimensions. The second phase establishes sequential tasks to successfully deploy solutions. Is was applied to a production section at a Portuguese enterprise with the development of a new visual management system to enable shop floor management. This development is presented as an example of Industry 4.0 technology and it promotes a faster decision-making, better production management, improved data availability as well as fosters more dynamic workplaces with enhanced reactivity to problems

Digital Twins for Industry 4.0 in the 6G Era

Having the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication system recently rolled out in many countries, the wireless community is now setting its eyes on the next era of Sixth Generation (6G). Inheriting from 5G its focus on industrial use cases, 6G is envisaged to become the infrastructural backbone of future intelligent industry. Especially, a combination of 6G and the emerging technologies of Digital Twins (DT) will give impetus to the next evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) systems. This article provides a survey in the research area of 6G-empowered industrial DT system. With a novel vision of 6G industrial DT ecosystem, this survey discusses the ambitions and potential applications of industrial DT in the 6G era, identifying the emerging challenges as well as the key enabling technologies. The introduced ecosystem is supposed to bridge the gaps between humans, machines, and the data infrastructure, and therewith enable numerous novel application scenarios.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technolog

An Augmented Interaction Strategy For Designing Human-Machine Interfaces For Hydraulic Excavators

Lack of adequate information feedback and work visibility, and fatigue due to repetition have been identified as the major usability gaps in the human-machine interface (HMI) design of modern hydraulic excavators that subject operators to undue mental and physical workload, resulting in poor performance. To address these gaps, this work proposed an innovative interaction strategy, termed “augmented interaction”, for enhancing the usability of the hydraulic excavator. Augmented interaction involves the embodiment of heads-up display and coordinated control schemes into an efficient, effective and safe HMI. Augmented interaction was demonstrated using a framework consisting of three phases: Design, Implementation/Visualization, and Evaluation (D.IV.E). Guided by this framework, two alternative HMI design concepts (Design A: featuring heads-up display and coordinated control; and Design B: featuring heads-up display and joystick controls) in addition to the existing HMI design (Design C: featuring monitor display and joystick controls) were prototyped. A mixed reality seating buck simulator, named the Hydraulic Excavator Augmented Reality Simulator (H.E.A.R.S), was used to implement the designs and simulate a work environment along with a rock excavation task scenario. A usability evaluation was conducted with twenty participants to characterize the impact of the new HMI types using quantitative (task completion time, TCT; and operating error, OER) and qualitative (subjective workload and user preference) metrics. The results indicated that participants had a shorter TCT with Design A. For OER, there was a lower error probability due to collisions (PER1) with Design A, and lower error probability due to misses (PER2)with Design B. The subjective measures showed a lower overall workload and a high preference for Design B. It was concluded that augmented interaction provides a viable solution for enhancing the usability of the HMI of a hydraulic excavator

Pengembangan Human Machine Interface (HMI) pada Simulator Sortir Bola sebagai Media Pembelajaran Otomasi Industri

Human Machine Interface (HMI) and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) are widely used in the industry to monitor and control the production process. As part of industrial automation technology, expertise in designing HMI and programming PLC are an absolute necessity especially in the industrial 4.0 era which demands a professional and competent workforce. To meet these requirements, Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Dian Nuswantoro has evaluated the curriculum, especially in the Elektronika Industri course. Based on stakeholder recommendation, learning outcomes are modified to support the graduate's profile that has expertise in industrial automation technology. Furthermore, a ball sorting simulator has been used as a medium for learning industrial automation. Unfortunately, the simulator only supports PLC learning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the HMI system in the simulator. This paper explains the design and development of the HMI system based on Mitsubishi GOT2000 using the GT Designer3 application. The development of the HMI system starts from determining I/O and process parameters, making the layout, modifying the ladder diagram, and testing. Based on the test results, the HMI system can work well so that technically the ball sorting simulator has supported the learning of industrial automation technology both in PLC and HMI fields.Keywords : automation, learning, simulator, PLC, HMI AbstrakHuman Machine Interface (HMI) dan Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) digunakan luas di industri guna memonitor dan mengatur proses produksi. Sebagai bagian dari teknologi otomasi industri, penguasaan keahlian dan keterampilan mendesain HMI dan memprogram PLC menjadi kebutuhan mutlak terlebih di era industri 4.0 yang menuntut tenaga kerja profesional dan kompeten. Guna memenuhi tuntutan tersebut, Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Dian Nuswantoro telah melakukan evaluasi terhadap kurikulum khususnya pada mata kuliah Elektronika Industri. Berdasarkan masukan dari stakeholder, Program Studi menambahkan capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah yang mendukung profil lulusan dengan penguasaan teknologi otomasi industri khususnya PLC dan HMI. Selain itu, sebuah simulator sortir bola telah rutin digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran otomasi industri. Namun, simulator tersebut terbatas untuk media pembelajaran PLC. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengembangan sistem HMI pada simulator. Makalah ini membahas perancangan dan pengembangan sistem HMI berbasis panel Mitsubishi GOT2000 menggunakan aplikasi GT Designer3. Pengembangan sistem HMI dimulai dari penentuan I/O dan parameter proses sortir, pembuatan layout, modifikasi ladder diagram dan pengujian. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, sistem HMI dapat bekerja dengan baik sehingga secara teknis simulator sortir bola telah mendukung proses pembelajaran teknologi otomasi industri baik PLC maupun HMI.Kata Kunci : otomasi, pembelajaran, simulator, PLC, HM