Maritime Logistik im Zeitalter der Nordischen Kreuzzügen

The Limes Saxoniae remained a stable cultural frontier zone until the year 1147, when Danish and German princes managed to subdue the Slavic lands east of the Elbe lastingly in a joint maritime-terrestrial campaign. It was the first papally authorised crusading campaign “contra Sclavos ceterosque paganos habitantes versus Aquilonem” – the last pagans of northern Europe. This expeditio was a precedent, followed by many more campaigns against the Slavs, Prussians, Lithuanians, Livs, Estonians and other pagan nations of the Baltic Rim; a time frame spanning over four centuries, colloquially captured by the umbrella term ‘Northern Crusades’. Most of these campaigns required seaborne transport, which is studied here with an interdisciplinary historical-archaeological approach. The diachronic theme is examined by a number of case studies, which involve different angles: On the one hand, questions of navigation and orientation are addressed, as exemplified by a re-evaluation of a 13th-century Danish itinerary to Estonia. On the other hand, the capabilities and use of ships are assessed, which supplied the Catholic enclaves in the pagan East with crusaders, settlers and goods. Numerous shipwrecks are re-visited to verify the claims of contemporary chroniclers, with discussions on technical aspects of ship-construction, but also with a focus on early trade links. Another major focus lies on timber trade across the Baltic Sea, shedding light on an often overlooked aspect: The Teutonic Order as economic rather than solely militaristic power. This study is concluded by assessing the local maritime transport geography of a Teutonic Order castle and a nearby appertaining shipwreck from a period of political instability and the imminent collapse of the Livonian Confederation.Für Jahrhunderte bildete der Limes Saxoniae eine feste Kulturgrenze, bis ins Jahr 1147, als dänische und deutsche Fürsten die slawischen Länder östlich der Elbe in koordinierten see- und landseitigen Angriffen unter ihre Kontrolle brachten. Es war der erste päpstlich angeordnete Kreuzzug “contra Sclavos ceterosque paganos habitantes versus Aquilonem” – gegen die letzten Heiden Nordeuropas. Dieser Kreuzzug war der Ausgangpunkt für zahlreiche weitere Feldzüge gegen Slawen, Pruzzen, Litauer, Liven, Esten und anderen heidnischen Nationen des Ostseeraumes und charakterisierte eine über vier Jahrhunderte umspannende Epoche, die unter dem Begriff 'Nordische Kreuzzüge' verstanden wird. Für die meisten dieser Feldzüge war die Schifffahrt eine Grundvoraussetzung, die hier durch einen interdisziplinär historisch-archäologischen Ansatz erforscht wird. Die diachronische Thematik wird durch eine Reihe von Fallstudien untergliedert, die unterschiedliche Ansatzpunkte haben: Auf der einen Seite wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie man sich im Mittelalter orientierte und welche Navigationstechniken zum Einsatz kamen, exemplarisch anhand eines dänischen Itinerars nach Estland aus dem 13. Jahrhundert veranschaulicht. Auf der anderen Seite werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Einsatzgebiete von Schiffen untersucht, welche die katholischen Enklaven im heidnischen Osten mit Kreuzfahrern, aber auch Kolonisten und Gütern versorgten. Eine Reihe an mittelalterlichen Schiffwracks werden unter dieser Fragestellung evaluiert, um die Aussagen von zeitgenössischen Chronisten, Diskussionen zu schiffbaulichen Eigenheiten, aber auch frühen Handelsverbindungen zu vergleichen. Ein weiteres Augenmerk liegt auf dem baltischen Holzhandel, der einen oft übersehenen Aspekt aufgreift: Der Deutsche Orden als Handelsmacht. Diese Arbeit schließt mit einer Fallstudie zur maritimen Transportgeografie einer Deutschordensburg und eines zugehörigen Schiffwracks ab, die in eine Zeit der politischen Instabilität und des bevorstehenden Zusammenbruchs der Livländischen Konföderation im Jahre 1561 datieren

Barents Studies

publishedVersio

Bonded Labour: Global and Comparative Perspectives (18th-21st Century)

Parallel to the abolition of Atlantic slavery, new forms of indentured labour stilled global capitalism's need for cheap, disposable labour. The famous 'coolie trade' - mainly Asian labourers transferred to French and British islands in the Indian Ocean, Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, the Caribbean, the Americas, as well as to Portuguese colonies in Africa - was one of the largest migration movements in global history. Indentured contract workers are perhaps the most revealing example of bonded labour in the grey area between the poles of chattel slavery and 'free' wage labour. This interdisciplinary volume addresses historically and regionally specific cases of bonded labour relations from the 18th century to sponsorship systems in the Arab Gulf States today

Bonded Labour

Parallel to the abolition of Atlantic slavery, new forms of indentured labour stilled global capitalisms need for cheap, disposable labour. The famous coolie trade – mainly Asian labourers transferred to French and British islands in the Indian Ocean, Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, the Caribbean, the Americas, as well as to Portuguese colonies in Africa – was one of the largest migration movements in global history. Indentured contract workers are perhaps the most revealing example of bonded labour in the grey area between the poles of chattel slavery and free wage labour. This interdisciplinary volume addresses historically and regionally specific cases of bonded labour relations from the 18th century to sponsorship systems in the Arab Gulf States today

Antarcticness: Inspirations and imaginaries

Antarcticness joins disciplines, communication approaches and ideas to explore meanings and depictions of Antarctica. Personal and professional words in poetry and prose, plus images, present and represent Antarctica, as presumed and as imagined, alongside what is experienced around the continent and by those watching from afar. These understandings explain how the Antarctic is viewed and managed while identifying aspects which should be more prominent in policy and practice. The authors and artists place Antarctica, and the perceptions and knowledge through Antarcticness, within inspirations and imaginations, without losing sight of the multiple interests pushing the continent’s governance as it goes through rapid political and environmental changes. Given the diversity and disparity of the influences and changes, the book’s contributions connect to provide a more coherent and encompassing perspective of how society views Antarctica, scientifically and artistically, and what the continent provides and could provide politically, culturally and environmentally. Offering original research, art and interpretations of different experiences and explorations of Antarctica, explanations meld with narratives while academic analyses overlap with first-hand experiences of what Antarctica does and does not – could and could not – bring to the world

Liquid Traces. Spatial practices, aesthetics and humanitarian dilemmas at the maritime borders of the EU

This practice-based PhD critically investigates the aesthetic and spatial conditions that have turned the Mediterranean into a military-humanitarian border zone, dissecting the political anatomy of violence inflicted at and through the sea. It understands the maritime borders of the EU as a paradigmatic conflict zone in which new assemblages of power, legal arrangements and uneven patterns of mobility have emerged in relation to a vast, and yet patchy, surveillance apparatus. Contrary to the popular representation of the maritime territory as a homogeneous and empty expanse, the sea appears here as a technologically mediated space thick with events and complex relations between people, environments, and data. Recasting the notion of structural violence in aesthetic terms (i.e., as violence hidden in plain sight), this thesis further investigates documentary, humanitarian and cartographic practices that operate across this contested frontier and their role both in governmental practices of control and in migrants’ infrastructures of mobility. Part 1 (Genealogies) locates the current migration regime at sea within a longer genealogy of bordering technologies and aesthetic practices operating at sea. Part 2 (Liquid Traces) builds upon “Forensic Oceanography”, a project that I co-initiated in 2011 and which has mobilised geographic and media technologies (remote sensing, drift modelling, GIS, vessel tracking and others) to document the violence perpetrated against migrants in the Mediterranean. Here I read the maps, videos, visualisations and human right reports that I have co-produced during this project and that have been used as evidence in actual legal proceedings as attempts to challenge the regime of (in-)visibility imposed on this contested area. This thesis offers a new “cognitive mapping” of migration at sea by following my own situated encounters with the practices, policies, discourses and geographies that constitute the sea as a frontier

Orienting India : Interwar Internationalism in an Asian Inflection, 1917-1937

‘Orienting India: Interwar Internationalism in an Asian Inflection, 1917-1937’ is an intellectual history of (Pan-) Asianist individuals, initiatives and movements in South Asia in the years between the two world wars. The First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution and the establishment of the League of Nations all gave a strong impetus to individuals and movements who sought to operate internationally. Within this proliferation of internationalist activism, Indian artists, intellectuals, activists, feminists, religious revivalists, trade unionists, and others framed their thoughts and actions on an Asian scale. Their projects for Asian unification ranged from specific causes, such as drawing international attention to the dismal working conditions in Asian industries, to political unification in a future Asian federation. In examining these different expressions of Asianism, this study seeks to demonstrate that (Pan-) Asianism was an important part of the Indian public sphere in the interwar years, and that this regionalist enthusiasm occurred across the political and religious spectrum.Colonial and Global Histor

HM 30: Reflections on Naval History: Collected Essays

Reflections on Naval History: Collected Essays, by John B. Hattendorf, Ernest J. King Professor Emeritus of Maritime History, Naval War College, is the third in a series of volumes that bring together scholarly writings originally published in a variety of specialized journals and other publications, many of which are obscure and difficult to access. It includes papers originally appearing in the years 2010–20. The earlier volumes are Naval History and Maritime Strategy: Collected Essays (2000), and Talking about Naval History: A Collection of Essays (2011). The latter volume also appeared under the imprimatur of the Naval War College Press.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/1029/thumbnail.jp