Integrating information and knowledge for enterprise innovation

It has widely been accepted that enterprise integration, can be a source of socio-technical and cultural problems within organisations wishing to provide a focussed end-to-end business service. This can cause possible “straitjacketing” of business process architectures, thus suppressing responsive business re-engineering and competitive advantage for some companies. Accordingly, the current typology and emergent forms of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) technologies are set in the context of understanding information and knowledge integration philosophies. As such, key influences and trends in emerging IS integration choices, for end-to-end, cost-effective and flexible knowledge integration, are examined. As touch points across and outside organisations proliferate, via work-flow and relationship management-driven value innovation, aspects of knowledge refinement and knowledge integration pose challenges to maximising the potential of innovation and sustainable success, within enterprises. This is in terms of the increasing propensity for data fragmentation and the lack of effective information management, in the light of information overload. Furthermore, the nature of IS mediation which is inherent within decision making and workflow-based business processes, provides the basis for evaluation of the effects of information and knowledge integration. Hence, the authors propose a conceptual, holistic evaluation framework which encompasses these ideas. It is thus argued that such trends, and their implications regarding enterprise IS integration to engender sustainable competitive advantage, require fundamental re-thinking

Managing ubiquitous eco cities: the role of urban telecommunication infrastructure networks and convergence technologies

A successful urban management system for a Ubiquitous Eco City requires an integrated approach. This integration includes bringing together economic, socio-cultural and urban development with a well orchestrated, transparent and open decision making mechanism and necessary infrastructure and technologies. Rapidly developing information and telecommunication technologies and their platforms in the late 20th Century improves urban management and enhances the quality of life and place. Telecommunication technologies provide an important base for monitoring and managing activities over wired, wireless or fibre-optic networks. Particularly technology convergence creates new ways in which the information and telecommunication technologies are used. The 21st Century is an era where information has converged, in which people are able to access a variety of services, including internet and location based services, through multi-functional devices such as mobile phones and provides opportunities in the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities. This paper discusses the recent developments in telecommunication networks and trends in convergence technologies and their implications on the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities and how this technological shift is likely to be beneficial in improving the quality of life and place. The paper also introduces recent approaches on urban management systems, such as intelligent urban management systems, that are suitable for Ubiquitous Eco Cities

Private security and social control: the private security sector in the United Kingdom, its commercial functions and public accountability.

This thesis examines the growth and significance of private security in the United Kingdom. It details the broad commercial functions and lack of public accountability of the private security sector and draws out the implications for civil liberties and public policy. This is a subject which has been seriously neglected in criminology, sociology and related disciplines in Britain. This thesis is the first (publicly available) criminological study of private security in Britain to bring together such a range of material and concerns. It draws upon original 'case-study' observational field-work and on interviews with a wide range of respondents, in private security, the police, Parliament, journalism, trade unions, civil liberties groups and academia. Extensive literature review and collaborative work with various involved parties also support the research. An introductory chapter provides background to the research and outlines the structure of the thesis. The second chapter presents two ‘case studies’ based upon the observational field-work, discusses aspects of methodology and draws out those points which broadened the nature of the research project and those which have particular relevance for subsequent chapters. The next chapter discusses the range and activities of the private security sector. The chapter on the issue of licensing examines 'causes for concern', present arrangements for self-regulation, the role of the professional associations and of the Home Office, considers the experience of other jurisdictions and generally presents the case for public regulation and accountability. A theoretical chapter charts the conditions conducive to the post-war growth of private security, takes issue with previous theoretical accounts and develops an analysis in which political relations with and within the state are forefronted. A concluding chapter offers cautionary comments on the limits and desirability of some possible future developments and adds thoughts on one possible avenue for policy development

Not Peace, but a Sword: Navy v. Egan and the Case Against Judicial Abdication in Foreign Affairs

In the United States\u27 system of separation of powers, the judiciary must safeguard the rights of individuals from abuses by the political branches of government. Yet, when it comes to matters touching foreign affairs, scholars such as John Yoo and jurists such as Antonin Scalia argue that the executive branch is entitled to virtually unreviewable discretion. They point to Navy v. Egan for support. There, the Court held that an administrative body that hears appeals from adverse actions against government employees was precluded from reviewing the merits of security clearance determinations because the executive branch deserves super-strong deference in foreign affairs. An examination of the disastrous consequences of Egan crystallizes the constitutional and functional arguments against super-strong deference to the executive-both in foreign affairs generally and in the security clearance process specifically. The case has prompted lower courts to deny plaintiffs an independent forum in which to bring constitutional claims related to security clearance denials and revocations. Egan\u27s progeny flouts the longstanding principle that an individual who suffers a constitutional injury is entitled to an appropriate remedy. Furthermore, by abdicating its duty to check executive power in the security clearance context, the judiciary has fortified deficiencies inherent to executive agency decisionmaking, namely tunnel vision, path dependency, and imperialist tendencies. Abdication has also enabled a systematic denial of clearances to candidates with foreign connections. Without a diverse counterterrorism workforce, the United States lacks the operational proficiency and the legitimacy to wage a successful war on terrorism. This Note is the first to call on the judiciary to reclaim the right to exercise judicial review of the merits of security clearance determinations. Furthermore, it charts a path for lower courts to reopen judicial review of the merits of security clearance determinations, provide injured plaintiffs with a remedy, deter future racial discrimination, and avert a chilling effect on agency decisionmakers

Practicing the International: India-Pakistan Relations in the Punjab Borderland

This thesis explores how relations between India and Pakistan have been reproduced through everyday economic and security practices in the Punjab borderland. Punjab has received very little attention in studies of contemporary relations between India and Pakistan. The focus of the literature has primarily been on the security concerns of the central governments over nuclear armament, terrorism and the territorial dispute over Kashmir. How these broader security concerns relate to everyday practices in borderlands outside Kashmir largely escapes our knowledge. However, understanding the link between borderlanders’ perceptions and experiences and international relations is important for foreign policymaking as everyday practices in borderlands inform policies, treaties and agreements, which in turn shape everyday practices. Building on a framework developed from Pierre Bourdieu’s (1977) practice theory, border and security studies and nine months of ethnographically informed fieldwork in India and Pakistan, I explore this relationship through four case studies: 1) bilateral wars and crises, 2) the Khalistan separatist movement, 3) everyday life in the Punjab borderland, and 4) bilateral trade through the Attari-Wagah border crossing point linking Indian and Pakistani Punjab. By relating everyday practices in the Punjab borderland to high-level discussions on all issues of mutual concern during the Composite Dialogue Process (2004-12), this research makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the role of border states in foreign policymaking. It shows how government-to-government talks and agreements were shaped by practices in the Punjab borderland and in turn influence everyday life. The study also contributes to debates in security studies, development and International Political Sociology. It develops Pierre Bourdieu’s (1990, 159-93) model for the analysis of a political crisis and renders it relevant to the study of security crises and military interventions

The changing division of policing labour: with particular emphasis on the policing of shopping centres

A study of the policing of six shopping centres in the north west of England using non-participatory observations, a Likert Scale survey and anecdotal data as a means of examining the changing division of policing labour. The study draws on research carried out in Britain and North America which suggests that although there are strong negative perceptions of the average security officer, the security industry continues to expand. The study examines some of the theoretical concepts used to explain the continuing development and expansion of the private security industry by focusing on one particular sector of the contract guarding division of the industry. Whilst it is accepted that the examination of such a small part of such a large industry can do no more than provide a snap-shot of how policing provision is changing, the conclusions drawn are used to make recommendations with respect to the regulation of the industry

On the Clock, Best Bet to Draft Cyberdefensive Linemen: Federal Regulation of Sports Betting from a Cybersecurity Perspective

On May 14, 2018, Justice Alito delivered the majority opinion for the United States Supreme Court in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Professional and Amateur Protection Act (PASPA), a twenty-six-year-old federal statute, was deemed unconstitutional; thus, this decision allows state legislatures to legalize sports betting within their borders. With many states independently legalizing sports gambling, the regulatory landscape throughout the country is becoming a patchwork of state statutes. Additionally, top tier sporting organizations heavily depend on data analytics to formulate game plan strategy, train efficiently, rehab player injuries, gauge team and player performance, etc. The popularity of sports gambling continues to grow in the United States, and the proliferation of data usage will only expand as teams and players seek a competitive advantage. However, sports teams and athletes are not the only entities seeking an edge, as hackers will attempt to steal private and proprietary data for a significant edge when placing sports bets. It is imperative that leagues, teams, sports betting operators, and legislators must not overlook the cybersecurity component when regulating the industry. This Note argues that federal regulatory oversight is the most favorable approach from a cybersecurity perspective, and states can build on this framework as they see fit. Federal agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), and federal law enforcement agencies, are well-versed in persistent cybersecurity issues and compliance regulations. A central, federal regulatory model is advantageous to the growth and integrity of the blossoming sports gambling industry and the established sports industry