EFEKTIVITAS KOMBINASI SENAM OTAK DAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF MAZE PAPAN ALUR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL RANTING MALIMONGAN TUA KOTA MAKASSAR

Background: Preschool age is a golden age for the child's development process where at that age the cognitive, physical, motor and psychosocial aspects of a child develop optimally, but a lack of stimulation in the form of physical activity and media can cause children's fine motor skills to fail. perfectly developed.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre test – post test with control group design, aiming to determine the difference in effectiveness between the combination of brain gymnastics and groove board maze educational games, brain gymnastics alone, and placebo (without intervention) on improving fine motor skills in Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten, Malimongan Tua branch, Makassar city, carried out at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten, Malimongan Tua Branch, Makassar City, with a sample of 30 children who experienced delays in fine motor development according to inclusion criteria, divided according to randomized into 3 groups: the treatment group was given brain gymnastics and educational maze board game tools, the control group was given brain exercises, and the placebo group (without intervention).Results: Based on the Wilcoxon test analysis, p <0.05 was obtained in 3 sample groups, which means that the three sample groups produced a significant increase in fine motor skills. Based on the results of the One Away Anova test, a p value <0.05 was obtained, which means that there was a significant difference between the combination of brain gymnastics and the groove board maze educational game tool, brain exercise alone, and without intervention on improving fine motor skills in kindergarten children.Conclusion: the combination of brain gymnastics and the groove board maze educational game tool is most effective than brain gymnastics alone and without intervention in improving fine motor skills in Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Ranting Malimongan Tua Kindergarten children.Keywords: Brain gym, educational game tool maze groove board, fine motor skills, preschool age childre

Nuclear tau and its potential role in Alzheimer’s disease

Tau protein, found in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, forms aggregates in neurons that constitutes one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For nearly four decades, research efforts have focused more on tau’s role in physiology and pathology in the context of the microtubules, even though, for over three decades, tau has been localised in the nucleus and the nucleolus. Its nuclear and nucleolar localisation had stimulated many questions regarding its role in these compartments. Data from cell culture, mouse brain, and the human brain suggests that nuclear tau could be essential for genome defense against cellular distress. However, its nature of translocation to the nucleus, its nuclear conformation and interaction with the DNA and other nuclear proteins highly suggest it could play multiple roles in the nucleus. To find efficient tau-based therapies, there is a need to understand more about the functional relevance of the varied cellular distribution of tau, identify whether specific tau transcripts or isoforms could predict tau’s localisation and function and how they are altered in diseases like AD. Here, we explore the cellular distribution of tau, its nuclear localisation and function and its possible involvement in neurodegeneration

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in adult mammalian animals remains elusive. In this study, we describe an experimental procedure for measuring calcium dynamics through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy. This method enables recordings and quantifications of neural activity in bilateral mouse brain regions one at a time in the same experiment for a prolonged period in vivo. Key aspects of this method, which can be completed within an hour, include minimally invasive surgery procedures for creating dual optical windows, and the use of 2P imaging. Although we only demonstrate the technique in the S1 area, the method can be applied to other regions of the living brain facilitating the elucidation of structural and functional complexities of brain neural networks

The Notostigmata, a new suborder of Acari

The following studies on this new suborder have been made on material included in the famous French Arachnologist E. Simon's rich collection and lent by him to Drs. H. J. Hansen and W. Sørensen. ..

Hierarchically-structured metalloprotein composite coatings biofabricated from co-existing condensed liquid phases

Complex hierarchical structure governs emergent properties in biopolymeric materials; yet, the material processing involved remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the multi-scale structure and composition of the mussel byssus cuticle before, during and after formation to gain insight into the processing of this hard, yet extensible metal cross-linked protein composite. Our findings reveal that the granular substructure crucial to the cuticle’s function as a wear-resistant coating of an extensible polymer fiber is pre-organized in condensed liquid phase secretory vesicles. These are phase-separated into DOPA-rich proto-granules enveloped in a sulfur-rich proto-matrix which fuses during secretion, forming the sub-structure of the cuticle. Metal ions are added subsequently in a site-specific way, with iron contained in the sulfur-rich matrix and vanadium coordinated by DOPA-catechol in the granule. We posit that this hierarchical structure self-organizes via phase separation of specific amphiphilic proteins within secretory vesicles, resulting in a meso-scale structuring that governs cuticle function

The songwriting coalface: where multiple intelligences collide

This paper investigates pedagogy around songwriting professional practice. Particular focus is given to the multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner as a lens through which to view songwriting practice, referenced to recent songwriting‐specific research (e.g. McIntyre, Bennett). Songwriting education provides some unique challenges; firstly, due to the qualitative nature of assessment and the complex and multi‐faceted nature of skills necessary (lyric writing, composing, recording, and performing), and secondly, in some less‐tangible capacities beneficial to the songwriter (creative skills, and nuanced choice‐making). From the perspective of songwriting education, Gardner’s MI theory provides a ‘useful fiction’ (his term) for knowledge transfer in the domain, especially (and for this researcher, surprisingly) in naturalistic intelligence

Recruitment characteristics of nerve fascicles stimulated by a multi-groove electrode

The recruitment characteristics of fascicle-selective nerve stimulation by a multigroove electrode have been investigated both theoretically and in acute experiments. A three-dimensional (3-D) volume conductor model of fascicles in a multigroove device and a model of myelinated nerve fiber stimulation were used to calculate threshold stimuli of nerve fibers in these fascicles. After their exposition, fascicles from rat sciatic nerve were positioned in different grooves of appropriate sizes and stimulated separately. The device appeared to be suitable for fascicle-selective stimulation, because both computer simulations and acute animal experiments showed that crosstalk between neighboring fascicles is not a problem, even when monopolar stimulation was used. The threshold stimulus was lower for a small fascicle than for a large one. When the amount of (conducting) medium between contact and perineurium or its conductivity was reduced, threshold stimuli were lower. Moreover, simulations predict that the slopes of recruitment curves are smaller and inverse recruitment order is less pronounced. Simulations also showed that a small contact is preferable to a large one, because a small contact gives a slightly smaller slope of the recruitment curve. Both experimentally and theoretically a significantly smaller slope of recruitment curves was obtained by stimulation with a cathode and an anode at opposite sides of the fascicle, driven by two current sources giving simultaneous pulses with different, but linearly dependent amplitude