Advances in Green Communications and Networking

Lloret, J.; Sendra, S.; Macias-Lopez, E. (2019). Advances in Green Communications and Networking. Mobile Networks and Applications. 24(2):653-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-019-01212-yS65365624

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Router Power Consumption Analysis: Towards Green Communications

2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networking, GreeNets 2012; Gandia; Spain; 25 October 2012 through 26 October 2012In recent years, the number of network devices which are being used in new network infrastructure and intelligent buildings, are growing more and more. Because these devices can often have high processing activity, we must consider their power consumption. Their energy requirements may vary depending on their operation mode, their processing capacity and even the type of devices to which are connected. The ability to determine exact consumption of network can provide an optimal network design and the other auxiliary systems, such as cool system, which may be necessary for the proper operation of the network. In this paper we determine the power consumption generated by network devices of different manufacturers and models. These tests allow us to see the energy consumed when they are in await mode and when they are working, running a routing protocol in order to interconnect different networks, promoting the development of the sustainable Green Networks.Andrade Morelli, S.; Ruiz Sanchez, E.; Sendra, S.; Lloret, J. (2013). Router Power Consumption Analysis: Towards Green Communications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 113:28-37. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37977-2_3S2837113Balasubramanian, N., Balasubramanian, A., Venkataraman, A.: Energy Consumption in Mobile Phones: A Measurement Study and Implications for Network Applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2009, Chicago, IL, USA, November 4-6 (2009)Bianco, C., Cucchietti, F., Griffa, G.: Energy consumption trends in the next generation access network - a telco perspective. In: 29th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC 2007, Rome, Italy, September 30-October 4 (2007)Datasheet of Router Cisco184, Available at Cisco web site: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps5853/ps5875/product_data_sheet0900aecd806c4e2a.pdfDatasheet of Router Allied AR410, Available at Alied telesync web site: http://www.alliedtelesis.com/media/fount/datasheet/AR410Series_Datasheet_RevQ.pdfFisher, W., Suchara, M., Rexford, J.: Greening Backbone Networks: Reducing Energy Consumption by Shutting Off Cables in Bundled Links. In: Proceedings of the First ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Green Networking, New Delhi, India, August 30 (2010)González, N., Moran, L., Angioleti, J.M., Varela, J.A.: Green IT, ch. 4. Green Telecom Networks. eKISS nº82. Internal publication of Telefónica (2009)Mohsin, A.H., Bakar, K.A., Adekiigbe, A., Ghafoor, K.Z.: A Survey of Energy-aware Routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Trends and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms 4(2), 82–107 (2012)Duan, Q.: Performance Evaluation on Traffic Control in Combined Input and Cross-point Queuing Switches. Network Protocols and Algorithms 3(4), 18–31 (2011)Sendra, S., Fernández, P.A., Quilez, M.A., Lloret, J.: Study and Performance of Interior Gateway IP routing Protocols. Network Protocols and Algorithms 2(4), 88–117 (2010)Sendra, S., Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Toledo, J.F.: Power saving and energy optimization techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks. J. Commun. Acad. Publ. 6, 439–459 (2011)Cisco Report. Server power calculator analysis: Cisco UCS power calculator and HP power advisor (2011)Kakemizu, M., Chugo, A.: Approaches to Green Networks. Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal 45(4), 398–403 (2009)Bianzino, A.P., Chaudet, C., Rossi, D., Rougier, J.-L.: A Survey of Green Networking Research. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 14(1), 3–20 (2012)Stevens, W.R.: TCP/IP Illustrated. The Protocols (Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series), vol. 1 (1994

Evaluation of the potential for energy saving in macrocell and femtocell networks using a heuristic introducing sleep modes in base stations

In mobile technologies two trends are competing. On the one hand, the mobile access network requires optimisation in energy consumption. On the other hand, data volumes and required bit rates are rapidly increasing. The latter trend requires the deployment of more dense mobile access networks as the higher bit rates are available at shorter distance from the base station. In order to improve the energy efficiency, the introduction of sleep modes is required. We derive a heuristic which allows establishing a baseline of active base station fractions in order to be able to evaluate mobile access network designs. We demonstrate that sleep modes can lead to significant improvements in energy efficiency and act as an enabler for femtocell deployments

Quantifying Potential Energy Efficiency Gain in Green Cellular Wireless Networks

Conventional cellular wireless networks were designed with the purpose of providing high throughput for the user and high capacity for the service provider, without any provisions of energy efficiency. As a result, these networks have an enormous Carbon footprint. In this paper, we describe the sources of the inefficiencies in such networks. First we present results of the studies on how much Carbon footprint such networks generate. We also discuss how much more mobile traffic is expected to increase so that this Carbon footprint will even increase tremendously more. We then discuss specific sources of inefficiency and potential sources of improvement at the physical layer as well as at higher layers of the communication protocol hierarchy. In particular, considering that most of the energy inefficiency in cellular wireless networks is at the base stations, we discuss multi-tier networks and point to the potential of exploiting mobility patterns in order to use base station energy judiciously. We then investigate potential methods to reduce this inefficiency and quantify their individual contributions. By a consideration of the combination of all potential gains, we conclude that an improvement in energy consumption in cellular wireless networks by two orders of magnitude, or even more, is possible.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.843