11,403 research outputs found
Finiteness conditions for graph algebras over tropical semirings
Connection matrices for graph parameters with values in a field have been
introduced by M. Freedman, L. Lov{\'a}sz and A. Schrijver (2007). Graph
parameters with connection matrices of finite rank can be computed in
polynomial time on graph classes of bounded tree-width. We introduce join
matrices, a generalization of connection matrices, and allow graph parameters
to take values in the tropical rings (max-plus algebras) over the real numbers.
We show that rank-finiteness of join matrices implies that these graph
parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded
clique-width. In the case of graph parameters with values in arbitrary
commutative semirings, this remains true for graph classes of bounded linear
clique-width. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) showed that
definability of a graph parameter in Monadic Second Order Logic implies rank
finiteness. We also show that there are uncountably many integer valued graph
parameters with connection matrices or join matrices of fixed finite rank. This
shows that rank finiteness is a much weaker assumption than any definability
assumption.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for presentation at FPSAC 2014 (Chicago, June 29
-July 3, 2014), to appear in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer
Scienc
qTorch: The Quantum Tensor Contraction Handler
Classical simulation of quantum computation is necessary for studying the
numerical behavior of quantum algorithms, as there does not yet exist a large
viable quantum computer on which to perform numerical tests. Tensor network
(TN) contraction is an algorithmic method that can efficiently simulate some
quantum circuits, often greatly reducing the computational cost over methods
that simulate the full Hilbert space. In this study we implement a tensor
network contraction program for simulating quantum circuits using multi-core
compute nodes. We show simulation results for the Max-Cut problem on 3- through
7-regular graphs using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA),
successfully simulating up to 100 qubits. We test two different methods for
generating the ordering of tensor index contractions: one is based on the tree
decomposition of the line graph, while the other generates ordering using a
straight-forward stochastic scheme. Through studying instances of QAOA
circuits, we show the expected result that as the treewidth of the quantum
circuit's line graph decreases, TN contraction becomes significantly more
efficient than simulating the whole Hilbert space. The results in this work
suggest that tensor contraction methods are superior only when simulating
Max-Cut/QAOA with graphs of regularities approximately five and below. Insight
into this point of equal computational cost helps one determine which
simulation method will be more efficient for a given quantum circuit. The
stochastic contraction method outperforms the line graph based method only when
the time to calculate a reasonable tree decomposition is prohibitively
expensive. Finally, we release our software package, qTorch (Quantum TensOR
Contraction Handler), intended for general quantum circuit simulation.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure
Minimal classes of graphs of unbounded clique-width defined by finitely many forbidden induced subgraphs
We discover new hereditary classes of graphs that are minimal (with respect
to set inclusion) of unbounded clique-width. The new examples include split
permutation graphs and bichain graphs. Each of these classes is characterised
by a finite list of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs. These, therefore,
disprove a conjecture due to Daligault, Rao and Thomasse from 2010 claiming
that all such minimal classes must be defined by infinitely many forbidden
induced subgraphs.
In the same paper, Daligault, Rao and Thomasse make another conjecture that
every hereditary class of unbounded clique-width must contain a labelled
infinite antichain. We show that the two example classes we consider here
satisfy this conjecture. Indeed, they each contain a canonical labelled
infinite antichain, which leads us to propose a stronger conjecture: that every
hereditary class of graphs that is minimal of unbounded clique-width contains a
canonical labelled infinite antichain.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
An Upper Bound on the Size of Obstructions for Bounded Linear Rank-Width
We provide a doubly exponential upper bound in on the size of forbidden
pivot-minors for symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices over a fixed finite field
of linear rank-width at most . As a corollary, we obtain a
doubly exponential upper bound in on the size of forbidden vertex-minors
for graphs of linear rank-width at most . This solves an open question
raised by Jeong, Kwon, and Oum [Excluded vertex-minors for graphs of linear
rank-width at most . European J. Combin., 41:242--257, 2014]. We also give a
doubly exponential upper bound in on the size of forbidden minors for
matroids representable over a fixed finite field of path-width at most .
Our basic tool is the pseudo-minor order used by Lagergren [Upper Bounds on
the Size of Obstructions and Interwines, Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series
B, 73:7--40, 1998] to bound the size of forbidden graph minors for bounded
path-width. To adapt this notion into linear rank-width, it is necessary to
well define partial pieces of graphs and merging operations that fit to
pivot-minors. Using the algebraic operations introduced by Courcelle and
Kant\'e, and then extended to (skew-)symmetric matrices by Kant\'e and Rao, we
define boundaried -labelled graphs and prove similar structure theorems for
pivot-minor and linear rank-width.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figur
Enumerations relating braid and commutation classes
We obtain an upper and lower bound for the number of reduced words for a
permutation in terms of the number of braid classes and the number of
commutation classes of the permutation. We classify the permutations that
achieve each of these bounds, and enumerate both cases.Comment: 19 page
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