Emerging Next Generation Solar Cells Route to High Efficiency and Low Cost

Generation of clean energy is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Solar energy is the most abundantly available renewable energy source which would be supplying more than 50 of the global electricity demand in 2100. Solar cells are used to convert light energy into electrical energy directly with an appeal that it does not generate any harmful bi products, like greenhouse gasses. The manufacturing of solar cells is actually based on the types of semiconducting or non semiconducting materials used and commercial maturity. From the very beginning of the terrestrial use of Solar Cells, efficiency and costs are the main focusing areas of research. The definition of so called emerging technologies sometimes described as including any technology capable of overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit of power conversion efficiency 33.7 percent for a single junction device. In this paper, few promising materials for solar cells are discussed including their structural morphology, electrical and optical properties. The excellent state of the art technology, advantages and potential research issues yet to be explored are also pointed out. Md. Samiul Islam Sadek | Dr. M Junaebur Rashid | Dr. Zahid Hasan Mahmood "Emerging Next Generation Solar Cells: Route to High Efficiency and Low Cost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 201

Analytical Evaluation of an Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Microplasma as an Emission Source

In scenarios such as environmental contamination or on-site nuclear analysis, an instrument capable of rapid, in-field chemical analysis would be faster and more cost-effective than the current practice of sending samples back to the laboratory for analysis. An ideal instrument for this purpose will consume little power, produce a small footprint, use small sample volumes with no sample preparation, produce no waste, and operate in ambient conditions while maintaining the high precision and accuracy needed to make time-sensitive decisions. The liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma, developed by Marcus and co-workers, is a novel excitation source for atomic emission spectroscopy developed to meet these goals. This emission/ionization source meets the demands needed for field-capable instrumentation by being cost efficient and having a small footprint, low power consumption, high salt/matrix tolerance, and little to no waste production. The microplasma is generated in a 1-2 mm gap sheathed in a helium gas between a stainless steel electrode and an electrolytic solution. Since its conception, the LS-APGD has been used for a variety of sample mediums (e,g,, liquid, solid, and laser ablated particles) and as an elemental and an organic ionization source, and as an emission source for detection by mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), respectively. Previous research employing the LS-APGD microplasma has assessed optimized components and operating parameters for multiple sample introductions and methods of detection. This work presents an analytical study of the LS-APGD microplasma as an emission source for solution samples. The goal of this research is to illustrate the capabilities of this emission source by quantitative assessment. An evaluation of the source in terms of line selection and theoretical limits of detection progresses the microplasma towards successful implementation while the analysis of matrix effects unveils broader capabilities of analysis and deeper understanding of the source. This characterization and examination of the LS-APGD microplasma, combined with past assessments, illustrates the potential of this source as a portable instrument for in-field elemental spectroscopy