DIGITALISASI DESA DALAM KONTEKS COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE

The development of a digital ecosystem that has entered the village government level has become a trend and direction of development now. The village government as the responsible party cannot carry out the development itself, and needs to collaborate with other parties. Collaborative governance is a bridge that is used to create a digital village environment. In collaborative governance, it is necessary to have actors, interests that are driving forces, platforms for collaboration, and the ultimate hope of the collaboration process. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review approach. The results of this study illustrate that there must be actors who have the same interest in creating a village digital environment. These interests become fuel in the collaborative governance process that is carried out. The collaboration process also requires an arena that can be facilitated by the government from the village to the central level. The goal to be achieved is a digital environment created consisting of technology, culture, social, political, psychological, service, and administrative. Thus, village digitization can create a digital environment through collaborative governance. AbstraksiPembangunan ekosistem digital yang sudah masuk dalam tingkat pemerintahan desa sudah menjadi tren dan arah pembangunan sekarang. Pemerintah desa sebagai pihak yang bertanggungjawab tidak dapat melaksanakan pembangunan tersebut sendiri, dan perlu melakukan kolaborasi dengan pihak lain. Collaborative governance menjadi jembatan yang digunakan untuk menciptakan lingkungan digital desa. Dalam collaborative governance perlu adanya aktor, kepentingan yang menjadi pendorong, wadah kolaborasi, dan harapan akhir dari proses kolaborasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa harus ada aktor yang memiliki kepentingan yang sama dalam menciptakan lingkungan digital desa. Kepentingan tersebut menjadi bahan bakar dalam proses collaborative governance yang dilaksanakan. Dalam proses kolaborasi tersebut juga membutuhkan arena yang dapat difasilitasi oleh pemerintah dari tingkat desa sampai pusat. Tujuan yang akan dicapai adalah lingkungan digital yang dibuat terdiri dari teknologi, budaya, sosial, politik, psikologis, pelayanan, dan administratif. Sehingga, digitalisasi desa dapat tercipta lingkungan digital melalui collaborative governance

A comparative study of institutional frameworks for local public service partnerships in Finland and Scotland

This research presents a cross-national comparative review of the institutional arrangements for how local public service partnerships are regulated and governed in Finland and Scotland.Both legal and administrative differences of partnership policies are analysed in order to explain the nature of the incentives and obligations for local governments to collaborate with external partners. Institutional theory and conceptual partnership approaches are utilised in the analysis. The Scottish institutional framework provides defined requirements for public-private partnerships. The partnership term is not recognised in the Finnish legal framework;instead it operates with the general concept of co-operation. Both Scottish and Finnish municipalities have more institutional obligations than incentives for partnerships or collaboration. The Scottish institutional framework requires municipalities to partner with external organisations, while in Finland, the legislature has not been proactive in promoting or encouraging public-private partnership. While the political incentives for partnerships are stronger in Scotland, Scottish municipalities have limited financial incentives to look for budgetary savings from partnership arrangements. In contrast, in Finland such financial incentives exist. However, the fixed forms of municipal-municipal collaboration may inhibit the search for more effective forms of partnerships

Electronic Payment Systems Development in a Developing Country: The Role of Institutional Arrangements

This paper examines the institutional arrangements in the development of Nigeria’s electronic payment system (EPS) using a new institutional economics (NIE) perspective. A case study of Nigeria’s EPS was carried out using semi structured interviews to collect data from 18 participating stakeholders; a thematic method was used for the data analysis. The study suggests that a well-functioning set of arrangements, which is lacking in the institutional setup in Nigeria may be required to build necessary institutional capacity suitable for development of safe and efficient electronic payment systems. Although the technological payment infrastructure in Nigeria is modern and of comparable standard, the failure to put in place reliable and relevant market and collaborative agreements has not enabled full exploitation of the available infrastructure. Current governance structures show elements of power struggle and distrust between stakeholders (players and regulators), hampering the creation of an environment that would sustain free market economic activities and effective development of payment systems

Collaboratively Strengthening Water and Sanitation Systems in Low-Income and Weak-Governance Contexts

Water and sanitation services remain unequal, unreliable, and unsafe for too large a portion of our world's population. Challenges facing service delivery are multifaceted and intertwined, including high breakdown rates, weak or convoluted laws, insufficient financing mechanisms, and drought. Solving these challenges often falls on the shoulders of local governments, as many national governments decentralize service provision mandates. Especially in low-income and weak-governance contexts, overcoming service delivery challenges can exceed the scopes and skillsets of any single agency or department. Collaborative approaches are thus used by governments and international development actors as a way to bring all relevant, local stakeholders together to solve these problems through joint action and mutual responsibility. Understanding how collaborative approaches work in low-income and weak-governance contexts is therefore imperative to achieving universal, reliable access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. There is a wealth of literature on collaborative approaches; however, this literature is limited in scope as nearly all published knowledge has focused on high-income country contexts. Working closely with experts from eleven cases in Eastern Africa, this dissertation investigated how collaborative approaches work in WASH contexts. I first synthesized literature and convened an expert panel to rate and prioritize factors that enable success in collaborative approaches in low-income and weak-governance contexts. To comprehensively understand how these factors worked on the ground, I used fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to investigate combinations of factors that drove progress. Results spurred a second fsQCA investigation into the sole factor that was necessary for progress in all cases: local government uptake. Finally, in response to methodological limitations that has prevented comprehensive investigations of alignment around a common objective, I developed a new method using network analysis and used it to map how alignment changed over time in two well-functioning collaborative approaches. Together, this dissertation provides evidence-based guidance on factors and processes that enable collaborative efforts to succeed, laying the groundwork for implementing collaborative approaches in the challenging and unique environment of WASH. Through its unique contributions, this dissertation charts a new course for more robust international development programming and theory development.</p

A 'Performative' Social Movement: The Emergence of Collective Contentions within Collaborative Governance

The enmeshment of urban movements in networks of collaborative governance has been characterised as a process of co-option in which previously disruptive contentions are absorbed by regimes and reproduced in ways that do not threaten the stability of power relations. Applying a theoretical framework drawn from feminist philosopher Judith Butler this paper directs attention to the development of collective oppositional identities that remain embedded in conventional political processes. In a case study of the English tenants' movement, it investigates the potential of regulatory discourses that draw on market theories of performative voice to offer the collectivising narratives and belief in change that can generate the emotional identification of a social movement. The paper originates the concept of the ‘performative social movement’ to denote the contentious claims that continue to emerge from urban movements that otherwise appear quiescent

Public service spin-outs in the UK: towards a theoretical understanding of the spin-out process

Since the election of the Labour government in 1997 and its vision of the ‘Third Way’, the UK government has been keen to support social enterprise and to utilise the third sector in welfare delivery. Over the past few years the policy environment in the UK has sought to encourage public sector workers to ‘spin-out’ the services that they deliver into social enterprises. The research reported in this paper draws on semi-structured interviews with eleven representatives across four local authorities (LA) in the UK that are spinning out a public service into a social enterprise. The services being spun out operate across four different sectors, which allows the research to identify the common experiences and barriers in spinning out. The analysis is underpinned by a theoretical model of public/third sector collaboration by Takahashi and Smutny’s (2002), later adapted by Cornforth et al (2013). We present an alternative version of this framework based on public sector spin outs. In doing so, the research identified that there are significant barriers facing public services that seek to spin-out as social enterprises and the challenges that this brings to LAs in relation to managing the process. Issues around the sustainability of the ‘business case’ of the spin-outs proved to be the main problem, along with the difficulties of maintaining service provision during the transition phas

An Architecture for Integrated Intelligence in Urban Management using Cloud Computing

With the emergence of new methodologies and technologies it has now become possible to manage large amounts of environmental sensing data and apply new integrated computing models to acquire information intelligence. This paper advocates the application of cloud capacity to support the information, communication and decision making needs of a wide variety of stakeholders in the complex business of the management of urban and regional development. The complexity lies in the interactions and impacts embodied in the concept of the urban-ecosystem at various governance levels. This highlights the need for more effective integrated environmental management systems. This paper offers a user-orientated approach based on requirements for an effective management of the urban-ecosystem and the potential contributions that can be supported by the cloud computing community. Furthermore, the commonality of the influence of the drivers of change at the urban level offers the opportunity for the cloud computing community to develop generic solutions that can serve the needs of hundreds of cities from Europe and indeed globally.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure