3,450 research outputs found

    Complexity challenges in ATM

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    After more than 4 years of activity, the ComplexWorld Network, together with the projects and PhDs covered under the SESAR long-term research umbrella, have developed sound research material contributing to progress beyond the state of the art in fields such as resilience, uncertainty, multi-agent systems, metrics and data science. The achievements made by the ComplexWorld stakeholders have also led to the identification of new challenges that need to be addressed in the future. In order to pave the way for complexity science research in Air Traffic Management (ATM) in the coming years, ComplexWorld requested external assessments on how the challenges have been covered and where there are existing gaps. For that purpose, ComplexWorld, with the support of EUROCONTROL, established an expert panel to review selected documentation developed by the network and provide their assessment on their topic of expertise

    Engage D5.6 Thematic challenge briefing notes (1st and 2nd releases)

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    Engage identified four thematic challenges to address research topics not contemporaneously (sufficiently) addressed by SESAR. This deliverable serves primarily as a record of the two sets of released thematic challenge briefing notes

    Spatial data and modelling for the prioritisation of conservation areas in the Alpine region of the Canton of Vaud

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    Increasing awareness of the impact of biodiversity loss and natural system instability on human life is changing the societal perception of the environment and the amount of effort put into solving environmental problems. In spatial planning, this translates into a quest for the sustainable use of the territory, allocating areas to their most suitable usage while managing conflicting interests and forces. Conservation areas are the cornerstone of any spatial strategy for nature conservation, but are strongly affected by socio-economic constraints that affect their implementation and maintenance. Prioritising interventions thus becomes fundamental to achieve efficient and effective results. Conservation planning has come a long way since its infancy, gradually putting aside traditional ad hoc reserve selection in favour of a more scientific and systematic approach. This development has been supported by advances in technology, especially in the area of geographic information systems, which allow for improved acquisition and faster treatment of spatial data. Modelling has also became a fundamental scientific activity for conservation planning, offering a better understanding of natural and biological phenomena and generating indispensable data used in emerging conservation planning support software. This dissertation looks at methods for the selection of high-quality areas for conservation, focusing on the maximum cover problem and analysing how traditional strategies translate into spatial differences on the resulting selection. The study area chosen to test our methodology is the Alpine region of the Canton of Vaud, in Switzerland, an area known for its biodiversity and cultural richness. After a thorough analysis of the area, focused on the biodiversity, socio-economic, political, and legal aspects that affect conservation planning, we decided to concentrate on prioritisation for vegetation conservation. Using Zonation v4 — a software package developed to aid conservation planning decision — and taking into account the previous analysis, we assess the spatial differences that result from different decisions, such as privileging rarity or richness, weighting species according to different criteria, or including socio-economic costs. We also examine the logic behind existing protected areas and investigate a possible expansion to benefit vegetation conservation. The outputs and subsequent analysis show the strong influence of both strategic preferences and socio-economic constraints on the priority ranking for potential protected areas. However, regardless of the strategy chosen, some areas are consistently ranked high and are therefore good candidates for further expansion. Furthermore, existing protected areas already show good coverage, and an increase of merely 2% in protected area would suffice to retain almost full representation of the vegetation species under consideration In the end, there are no perfect or universal solution for conservation planning prioritisation: different spatial translations can yield similar results for biodiversity. The process is an exercise in trade-offs in which software like Zonation can be of great assistance, allowing for an easier assessment of different scenarios and conservation strategies.A crescente consciencialização das repercussões da perda de biodiversidade e da disrupção dos sistemas naturais na vida humana tem modificado a percepção dos problemas ambientais e fomentado a mobilização de recursos para os resolver. Em ordenamento do território, esta preocupação traduz-se na procura de uma ocupação sustentável do espaço, tentando gerir forças e interesses muitas vezes opostos e dificilmente conciliáveis. As áreas protegidas são os alicerces de qualquer estratégia para a conservação ao nível territorial, mas a sua implementação e manutenção é fortemente influenciada por limitações contextuais de origem socioeconómica. Priorizar intervenções e investimentos em conservação de forma a torná-la mais eficaz e eficiente torna-se, assim, essencial. A planificação para a conservação ambiental e o método de selecção de reservas por esta empregado têm sido alvo de desenvolvimentos nas últimas décadas, passando de uma abordagem pouco científica a um processo sistemático. Esta mudança de paradigma só foi possível devido ao desenvolvimento paralelo de tecnologias de informação geográfica que vieram possibilitar uma melhor e mais rápida aquisição de dados espaciais e seu tratamento. A modelação tornou-se uma ferramenta científica indispensável no processo de planeamento, permitindo a recolha de informação sobre fenómenos naturais e de dados indispensáveis para a utilização de software de ajuda à decisão. Esta dissertação pretende estudar os métodos empregues na identificação e selecção de áreas a proteger, focando-se no problema da máxima representatividade e na análise de estratégias comuns de priorização na tradução espacial dessa selecção. A área de estudo escolhida para esta análise foi a zona alpina do Cantão de Vaud, na Suíça, uma área conhecida pela sua biodiversidade e riqueza cultural. Depois de uma análise detalhada às características de biodiversidade, socioeconómicas e político-legais locais, decidimos concentrar o nosso estudo na preservação da vegetação. Recorrendo ao programa de apoio à decisão em planeamento de conservação Zonation v4, analisámos as diferenças espaciais resultantes de diferentes opções de conservação e dados de entrada, tais como a preferência pela salvaguarda da raridade ou da riqueza biológica, a atribuição de diferentes pesos às espécies com base em critérios vários ou a inclusão de informação socioeconómica. Tentámos ainda apurar a lógica subjacente à criação das reservas existentes e identificar possibilidades de expansão que beneficiariam a conservação. Concluímos que a tendência para proteger a raridade ou a riqueza tem tradução espacial relevante, sendo, no entanto, as limitações socioeconómicas o maior factor de constrangimento para a salvaguarda de biodiversidade. Independentemente da estratégia usada, certas áreas são consistentemente seleccionadas, mostrando-se boas candidatas para expansão futura. Os resultados revelam ainda que as reservas actuais têm boa cobertura e um aumento de 2% da área seria suficiente para atingir uma representação quase total das espécies consideradas. É possível encontrar soluções interessantes sem comprometer de forma marcante a salvaguarda da biodiversidade. Em planeamento de conservação, não existem soluções perfeitas e universais, tratando-se antes de um constante exercício de concessões. Programas de ajuda à decisão em planeamento de conservação, como o Zonation v4, demonstram grande potencial, permitindo uma melhor compreensão das alternativas e a sua rápida visualização espacial. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: priorização, planeamento de conservação, SIG, Zonation, Vau

    Net Neutrality and Consumer Access to Content

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    Mixture Risk Assessment of Complex Real-Life Mixtures—The PANORAMIX Project

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    Humans are involuntarily exposed to hundreds of chemicals that either contaminate our environment and food or are added intentionally to our daily products. These complex mixtures of chemicals may pose a risk to human health. One of the goals of the European Union’s Green Deal and zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment is to tackle the existent gaps in chemical mixture risk assessment by providing scientific grounds that support the implementation of adequate regulatory measures within the EU. We suggest dealing with this challenge by: (1) characterising ‘real-life’ chemical mixtures and determining to what extent they are transferred from the environment to humans via food and water, and from the mother to the foetus; (2) establishing a high-throughput whole-mixture-based in vitro strategy for screening of real-life complex mixtures of organic chemicals extracted from humans using integrated chemical profiling (suspect screening) together with effect-directed analysis; (3) evaluating which human blood levels of chemical mixtures might be of concern for children’s development; and (4) developing a web-based, ready-to-use interface that integrates hazard and exposure data to enable component-based mixture risk estimation. These concepts form the basis of the Green Deal project PANORAMIX, whose ultimate goal is to progress mixture risk assessment of chemicals.Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the Green Deal project PANORAMIX Grant Agreement No. 10103663
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