19,689 research outputs found
Modelling and simulation framework for reactive transport of organic contaminants in bed-sediments using a pure java object - oriented paradigm
Numerical modelling and simulation of organic contaminant reactive transport in the environment is being increasingly
relied upon for a wide range of tasks associated with risk-based decision-making, such as prediction of contaminant
profiles, optimisation of remediation methods, and monitoring of changes resulting from an implemented remediation
scheme. The lack of integration of multiple mechanistic models to a single modelling framework, however, has
prevented the field of reactive transport modelling in bed-sediments from developing a cohesive understanding of
contaminant fate and behaviour in the aquatic sediment environment. This paper will investigate the problems involved
in the model integration process, discuss modelling and software development approaches, and present preliminary
results from use of CORETRANS, a predictive modelling framework that simulates 1-dimensional organic contaminant
reaction and transport in bed-sediments
The Switched Local Area Networks’ Delay Problem: Issues and a Deterministic Solution Approach
A large number of installed local area networks are sluggish in terms of speed of uploading and down-
loading of information. Researchers have, therefore, proposed the need for such networks to be designed
with specified maximum end-to-end delay. This is because, if the maximum packet delay between any
two nodes of a network is not known, it is impossible to provide a deterministic guarantee of worst case
response times of packets’ flows. Therefore, the need for analytic and formal basis for designing such
networks becomes very imperative. In this regard, this chapter has discussed the switched local area
networks’ delay problem and related issues. It compared the two principal approaches for determining
the end-to-end response times of flows in communication networks – stochastic approach and determin-
istic approach. The chapter goes on to demonstrate the superiority of the latter approach by using it to
develop and validate the goodness of a general maximum delay packet switch model
Exploring the evidence base for national and regional policy interventions to combat resistance
The effectiveness of existing policies to control antimicrobial resistance is not yet fully understood. A strengthened evidence base is needed to inform effective policy interventions across countries with different income levels and the human health and animal sectors. We examine three policy domains—responsible use, surveillance, and infection prevention and control—and consider which will be the most effective at national and regional levels. Many complexities exist in the implementation of such policies across sectors and in varying political and regulatory environments. Therefore, we make recommendations for policy action, calling for comprehensive policy assessments, using standardised frameworks, of cost-effectiveness and generalisability. Such assessments are especially important in low-income and middle-income countries, and in the animal and environmental sectors. We also advocate a One Health approach that will enable the development of sensitive policies, accommodating the needs of each sector involved, and addressing concerns of specific countries and regions
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