Spotting Agreement and Disagreement: A Survey of Nonverbal Audiovisual Cues and Tools

While detecting and interpreting temporal patterns of non–verbal behavioral cues in a given context is a natural and often unconscious process for humans, it remains a rather difficult task for computer systems. Nevertheless, it is an important one to achieve if the goal is to realise a naturalistic communication between humans and machines. Machines that are able to sense social attitudes like agreement and disagreement and respond to them in a meaningful way are likely to be welcomed by users due to the more natural, efficient and human–centered interaction they are bound to experience. This paper surveys the nonverbal cues that could be present during agreement and disagreement behavioural displays and lists a number of tools that could be useful in detecting them, as well as a few publicly available databases that could be used to train these tools for analysis of spontaneous, audiovisual instances of agreement and disagreement

Towards responsive Sensitive Artificial Listeners

This paper describes work in the recently started project SEMAINE, which aims to build a set of Sensitive Artificial Listeners – conversational agents designed to sustain an interaction with a human user despite limited verbal skills, through robust recognition and generation of non-verbal behaviour in real-time, both when the agent is speaking and listening. We report on data collection and on the design of a system architecture in view of real-time responsiveness

National specific features of nonverbal communication elements of the Kazakh language

Article is devoted to the national nonverbal elements, which are considerer to be functional, but with the help of auxiliary components of communication, and generally actively expresses emotion and will of the person. And also paraelements of communication actively participate not only in identification of human emotions, but also in various manifes-tations of an assessment of the person to world around, or a concrete subject, etc. The assessment, emotion belong to emotional intellectual act of the sphere of human consciousness and they are attributes of the person. Any person who is forming as personality in the concrete so-cial environment, acquires characteristic for this environment, ways of gesticulations and rules of their application and readingВ статье речь идет о том, что национальные невербальные элементы являются функциональными, но вспомогательными компонентами коммуникации, и в основном, активно выражает эмоцию и волю человека. А также параэлементы коммуникации активно участвуют не только в выявлении человеческих эмоции, но и в различных проявлениях оценки человека окружающему миру, конкретному предмету, и т. п. Оценка, эмоция относятся эмоционально-интеллектуальному акту сферы человеческого сознания и являются атрибутами человека. Любой человек, формирующийся как личность в конкретной социальной среде, усваивает характерные для этой среды спопособы жестикуляции и правила их применения и прочтени

Reconfiguring the shipping news : Maritime's hidden histories and the politics of gender display

This paper discusses the book Hello Sailor! The Hidden History of Gay Life at Sea published in 2003 by Paul Baker and Jo Stanley re-interpreted as a landmark temporary, exhibition Hello Sailor! Gay Life on the Ocean Wave at Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool from where it will travel in 2007 to a number of other maritime museums. Based largely on oral history interviews and part of a hidden histories project, the book recovers the previously repressed histories of gay sailors in the ‘gay heaven’ of the merchant navy. It historically spans, roughly mid to late twentieth century. This paper seeks to explore the construction of gay seafarers presented in the book and latterly through museum display. It reveals what can be understood about the re-presentation of gendered identities and relations through the celebration of camp and cross-dressing. Baker and Stanley draw on queer theory rather than gay and lesbian studies and argue that the recovered history is not about civil rights but is rather ‘a politics of carnival, transgression and parody’ (Baker and Stanley, 2003, p. 19). The book and to a greater extent the exhibition however only partially unravel two important issues: sex and misogyny. This paper asks what light ‘hidden histories’, re-presented in museums can shed on gender and sexual relations in the present

Playful expressions of one-year-old chimpanzee infants in social and solitary play contexts

Knowledge of the context and development of playful expressions in chimpanzees is limited because research has tended to focus on social play, on older subjects, and on the communicative signaling function of expressions. Here we explore the rate of playful facial and body expressions in solitary and social play, changes from 12- to 15-months of age, and the extent to which social partners match expressions, which may illuminate a route through which context influences expression. Naturalistic observations of seven chimpanzee infants (Pan troglodytes) were conducted at Chester Zoo, UK (n = 4), and Primate Research Institute, Japan (n = 3), and at two ages, 12 months and 15 months. No group or age differences were found in the rate of infant playful expressions. However, modalities of playful expression varied with type of play: in social play, the rate of play faces was high, whereas in solitary play, the rate of body expressions was high. Among the most frequent types of play, mild contact social play had the highest rates of play faces and multi-modal expressions (often play faces with hitting). Social partners matched both infant play faces and infant body expressions, but play faces were matched at a significantly higher rate that increased with age. Matched expression rates were highest when playing with peers despite infant expressiveness being highest when playing with older chimpanzees. Given that playful expressions emerge early in life and continue to occur in solitary contexts through the second year of life, we suggest that the play face and certain body behaviors are emotional expressions of joy, and that such expressions develop additional social functions through interactions with peers and older social partners

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) produce the same types of ‘laugh faces’ when they emit laughter and when they are silent

The ability to flexibly produce facial expressions and vocalizations has a strong impact on the way humans communicate, as it promotes more explicit and versatile forms of communication. Whereas facial expressions and vocalizations are unarguably closely linked in primates, the extent to which these expressions can be produced independently in nonhuman primates is unknown. The present work, thus, examined if chimpanzees produce the same types of facial expressions with and without accompanying vocalizations, as do humans. Forty-six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were video-recorded during spontaneous play with conspecifics at the Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage. ChimpFACS was applied, a standardized coding system to measure chimpanzee facial movements, based on FACS developed for humans. Data showed that the chimpanzees produced the same 14 configurations of open-mouth faces when laugh sounds were present and when they were absent. Chimpanzees, thus, produce these facial expressions flexibly without being morphologically constrained by the accompanying vocalizations. Furthermore, the data indicated that the facial expression plus vocalization and the facial expression alone were used differently in social play, i.e., when in physical contact with the playmates and when matching the playmates' open-mouth faces. These findings provide empirical evidence that chimpanzees produce distinctive facial expressions independently from a vocalization, and that their multimodal use affects communicative meaning, important traits for a more explicit and versatile way of communication. As it is still uncertain how human laugh faces evolved, the ChimpFACS data were also used to empirically examine the evolutionary relation between open-mouth faces with laugh sounds of chimpanzees and laugh faces of humans. The ChimpFACS results revealed that laugh faces of humans must have gradually emerged from laughing open-mouth faces of ancestral apes. This work examines the main evolutionary changes of laugh faces since the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans

Rough-and-tumble play as a window on animal communication.

Rough-and-tumble play (RT) is a widespread phenomenon in mammals. Since it involves competition, whereby one animal attempts to gain advantage over another, RT runs the risk of escalation to serious fighting. Competition is typically curtailed by some degree of cooperation and different signals help negotiate potential mishaps during RT. This review provides a framework for such signals, showing that they range along two dimensions: one from signals borrowed from other functional contexts to those that are unique to play, and the other from purely emotional expressions to highly cognitive (intentional) constructions. Some animal taxa have exaggerated the emotional and cognitive interplay aspects of play signals, yielding admixtures of communication that have led to complex forms of RT. This complexity has been further exaggerated in some lineages by the development of specific novel gestures that can be used to negotiate playful mood and entice reluctant partners. Play-derived gestures may provide new mechanisms by which more sophisticated communication forms can evolve. Therefore, RT and playful communication provide a window into the study of social cognition, emotional regulation and the evolution of communication systems

Non-verbal behaviour on the Roman comic stage

No abstract available

Ridicule in Meme of 9GAG: Multimodality Perspectives

Abstrak Meme adalah aktivitas mimikri terhadap suatu objek berbentuk gambar dan teks yang terdapat pada gambar tersebut dapat diubah sesuai dengan konteks sehingga menghasilkan arti yang berbeda. Salah satu situs yang menampilkan meme adalah 9gag.Terdapat beberapa fakor yang membuat tertarik unuk membuat meme.Salah satu tujuan dari membuat meme adalah mengekspresikan ide.Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana ridicule yang ada di 9gag memberikan peranan dalam kehidupan sosial. Peran yang dimaksud berhubungan dengan kemahiran dalam berkomunikasi. Kemahiran dalam berkomunikasi dapat terlihat dengan meneliti cara tiap individu berinteraksi dengan sesama dan bagaimana tiap individu mengungkapkan pendapat mereka mengenai suatu objek atau individu. Dalam hal ini, ridicule digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dan menyampaikan pendapat. Terdapat lima belas data yang berbentuk meme dengan tujuan ridiculeditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisa berdasarkan teori Multimodality. Teori multimodality menjelaskan terdapat empat jenis mode yaitu teks, gambar, warna, dan mimik wajah. Untuk menganalisa mode teks,, teori yang digunakan adalah internal dan eksternal faktor dari Attardo. Dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa semua mode muncul dalam data dan berkontribusi terbentuknya gambaran ridiculepada meme di 9gag. Gambar mode menampilkan gambaran mengenai mimik wajah dan warna kemudian diikuti barisan kata yang mengikuti gambar sebagai dasar sehingga keduanya menghasilkan ridicule. Pada penelitian ini  diketahui pula bahwa ridicule berpengaruh dalam kehidupan dan memiliki peranan dalam kehidupan sosial. Peranan tersebut berdampak akan munculnya kegagalan dalam berkomunikasi dan Satir (gaya humor yang bersifat menyindir). Kata Kunci:Multimodality, humor, ridicule, meme.      Abstract Meme is the activity of doing mimicry from the picture source and change the verbal text in the picture to produce various meanings. One of the sites which provide meme is 9gag. There are many reasons why people start to make meme. One of the purposes of people making meme is to ridicule. Here, this study focused on how the ridicule depicted in meme. This study aims to analyze the depiction of ridicule and to analyze how is ridicule in meme of 9gag plays roles in human society. The role in this case is dealing with the communication skills. The communication skills can be how to communicate with each other and how to express the idea of someone or object. Communication is essential in the daily activity of social life which is why it is essential to have ridicule in social life because ridicule is used to communicate and to express the idea. This study used fifteen data in the form of meme, which can be categorized as ridicule. The data are analyzed according to the pattern which picture portrayed then relating the picture with the text. To analyze the data, this study focuses on the multimodality theory. Multimodality theory explained four types of modes. They are writing, image, color, and facial expression. Since, the idea of each meme is on the line, then it is essential to analyze deeper in line or writing concept. Thus, the internal and external factors by Attardo are used to analyze the writing concept since the theory is generally for verbal text. In conclusion, this study has found that all of the modes shared the contribution towards the depiction of ridicule. The picture as base then followed by lines as writing modes then depicting the ridicule. This study also found that ridicule is affecting the social life or in other hand it can be said that ridicule plays role in social life. The role contributes communication failure and satire as effect. Keywords:English, humor, ridicule, and meme