102 research outputs found
Assisting Users in an Emergency Situation Using Geolocation Data and SOS Button
The disclosure describes techniques to automatically determine the presence of an emergency situation such as a natural disaster (e.g., an earthquake, cycle, or other event) or man-made crisis (e.g., an accident or other event) using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. When an emergency situation is determined to be present in a location, users of a social media platform or other online service within a crisis radius of the location are identified based on geolocation data from user devices. The users are provided with an alert regarding the emergency situation and a SOS button or other mechanism that can be used to generate a distress signal. Location information and user profile information of the identified users is transmitted to a third party such as emergency response services in response to the SOS button being triggered by the user. The user is directly connected with the third party via text, audio, or video chat, enabling rescue teams and emergency services to communicate with the user. The described techniques leverage the widespread availability of portable user devices and the record of users available to an online service such as a social media platform to quickly alert users to an emergency situation, enable them to generate a distress signal, and to connect them to emergency responders. The techniques also guide emergency responders to locations where users are in distress and can help reduce their response time
A Citizen Science Approach for Analyzing Social Media With Crowdsourcing
Social media have the potential to provide timely information about emergency situations and sudden events. However, finding relevant information among the millions of posts being added every day can be difficult, and in current approaches developing an automatic data analysis project requires time and technical skills. This work presents a new approach for the analysis of social media posts, based on configurable automatic classification combined with Citizen Science methodologies. The process is facilitated by a set of flexible, automatic and open-source data processing tools called the Citizen Science Solution Kit. The kit provides a comprehensive set of tools that can be used and personalized in different situations, particularly during natural emergencies, starting from images and text contained in the posts. The tools can be employed by citizen scientists for filtering, classifying, and geolocating the content with a human-in-the-loop approach to support the data analyst, including feedback and suggestions on how to configure the automated tools, and techniques to gather inputs from citizens. Using flooding scenario as a guiding example, this paper illustrates the structure and functioning of the different tools proposed to support citizens scientists in their projects, and a methodological approach to their use. The process is then validated by discussing three case studies based on the Albania earthquake of 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Thailand floods of 2021. The results suggest that a flexible approach to tools composition and configuration can support a timely setup of an analysis project by citizen scientists, especially in case of emergencies in unexpected locations.ISSN:2169-353
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Using remarkability to define coastal flooding thresholds.
Coastal flooding is increasingly common in many areas. However, the degree of inundation and associated disruption depend on local topography as well as the distribution of people, infrastructure and economic activity along the coast. Local measures of flooding that are comparable over large areas are difficult to obtain. Here we use the remarkability of flood events, measured by flood-related posts on social media, to estimate county-specific flood thresholds for shoreline counties along the east coast of the United States. While thresholds in most counties are statistically-indistinguishable from minor flood thresholds of nearby tide gauges, we find evidence that several areas experience noticeable flooding at tide heights lower than existing flood thresholds. These 22 counties include several major cities such as Miami, New York, and Boston, with a total population over 13 million. Our analysis implies that large populations might currently be exposed to nuisance flooding not identified via standard measures
TriggerCit: Early Flood Alerting using Twitter and Geolocation - A Comparison with Alternative Sources
Rapid impact assessment in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster is
essential to provide adequate information to international organisations, local
authorities, and first responders. Social media can support emergency response
with evidence-based content posted by citizens and organisations during ongoing
events. In the paper, we propose TriggerCit: an early flood alerting tool with
a multilanguage approach focused on timeliness and geolocation. The paper
focuses on assessing the reliability of the approach as a triggering system,
comparing it with alternative sources for alerts, and evaluating the quality
and amount of complementary information gathered. Geolocated visual evidence
extracted from Twitter by TriggerCit was analysed in two case studies on floods
in Thailand and Nepal in 2021.Comment: 12 pages Keywords Social Media, Disaster management, Early Alertin
Image-based Social Sensing: Combining AI and the Crowd to Mine Policy-Adherence Indicators from Twitter
Social Media provides a trove of information that, if aggregated and analysed
appropriately can provide important statistical indicators to policy makers. In
some situations these indicators are not available through other mechanisms.
For example, given the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, it is essential for
governments to have access to reliable data on policy-adherence with regards to
mask wearing, social distancing, and other hard-to-measure quantities. In this
paper we investigate whether it is possible to obtain such data by aggregating
information from images posted to social media. The paper presents VisualCit, a
pipeline for image-based social sensing combining recent advances in image
recognition technology with geocoding and crowdsourcing techniques. Our aim is
to discover in which countries, and to what extent, people are following
COVID-19 related policy directives. We compared the results with the indicators
produced within the CovidDataHub behavior tracker initiative. Preliminary
results shows that social media images can produce reliable indicators for
policy makers.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Proceedings of ICSE Software
Engineering in Society, May 202
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