3,302 research outputs found
Water Resources Systems Planning and Management: An Introduction to Methods, Models and Applications
This 2005 version has been superseded by the 2017 edition, available in full here: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/48159Throughout history much of the world has witnessed
ever-greater demands for reliable, high-quality and
inexpensive water supplies for domestic consumption,
agriculture and industry. In recent decades there have
also been increasing demands for hydrological regimes
that support healthy and diverse ecosystems, provide for
water-based recreational activities, reduce if not prevent
floods and droughts, and in some cases, provide for the
production of hydropower and ensure water levels adequate
for ship navigation. Water managers are challenged
to meet these multiple and often conflicting demands. At
the same time, public stakeholder interest groups have
shown an increasing desire to take part in the water
resources development and management decision making
process. Added to all these management challenges
are the uncertainties of natural water supplies and
demands due to changes in our climate, changes in
people's standards of living, changes in watershed land
uses and changes in technology. How can managers
develop, or redevelop and restore, and then manage water
resources systems - systems ranging from small watersheds
to those encompassing large river basins and coastal
zones - in a way that meets society's changing objectives
and goals? In other words, how can water resources
systems become more integrated and sustainable
A surrogate model for simulation–optimization of aquifer systems subjected to seawater intrusion
This study presents the application of Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR) as a pattern recognition system to predicate the behavior of nonlinear and computationally complex aquifer systems subjected to
seawater intrusion (SWI). The developed EPR models are integrated with a multi objective genetic algorithm
to examine the efficiency of different arrangements of hydraulic barriers in controlling SWI. The
objective of the optimization is to minimize the economic and environmental costs. The developed EPR model is trained and tested for different control scenarios, on sets of data including different pumping
patterns as inputs and the corresponding set of numerically calculated outputs. The results are compared
with those obtained by direct linking of the numerical simulation model with the optimization
tool. The results of the two above-mentioned simulation–optimization (S/O) strategies are in excellent
agreement. Three management scenarios are considered involving simultaneous use of abstraction and
recharge to control SWI. Minimization of cost of the management process and the salinity levels in the
aquifer are the two objective functions used for evaluating the efficiency of each management scenario.
By considering the effects of the unsaturated zone, a subsurface pond is used to collect the water and artificially
recharge the aquifer. The distinguished feature of EPR emerges in its application as the metamodel
in the S/O process where it significantly reduces the overall computational complexity and time. The
results also suggest that the application of other sources of water such as treated waste water (TWW)
and/or storm water, coupled with continuous abstraction of brackish water and its desalination and use is the most cost effective method to control SWI. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate
the effects of different external sources of recharge water and different recovery ratios of desalination
plant on the optimal results
Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks
The Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs) explores four important topics of research in the context of UWNs: asset management, modeling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the urban drainage systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modeling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs, and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modeling of an urban river with a complex cross-section
Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report FY 2008
The 2008 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single document that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project conducted with grant funds during the period, 2) citations for related publications, reports, and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable awards and achievements during the year
Modeling water resources management at the basin level: review and future directions
Water quality / Water resources development / Agricultural production / River basin development / Mathematical models / Simulation models / Water allocation / Policy / Economic aspects / Hydrology / Reservoir operation / Groundwater management / Drainage / Conjunctive use / Surface water / GIS / Decision support systems / Optimization methods / Water supply
Simulation-Optimization for Conjunctive Water Resources Management and Optimal Crop Planning in Kushabhadra-Bhargavi River Delta of Eastern India
Water resources sustainability is a worldwide concern because of climate variability, growing population, and excessive groundwater exploitation in order to meet freshwater demand. Addressing these conflicting challenges sometimes can be aided by using both simulation and mathematical optimization tools. This study combines a groundwater-flow simulation model and two optimization models to develop optimal reconnaissance-level water management strategies. For a given set of hydrologic and management constraints, both of the optimization models are applied to part of the Mahanadi River basin groundwater system, which is an important source of water supply in Odisha State, India. The first optimization model employs a calibrated groundwater simulation model (MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model) within the Simulation-Optimization MOdeling System (SOMOS) module number 1 (SOMO1) to estimate maximum permissible groundwater extraction, subject to suitable constraints that protect the aquifer from seawater intrusion. The second optimization model uses linear programming optimization to: (a) optimize conjunctive allocation of surface water and groundwater and (b) to determine a cropping pattern that maximizes net annual returns from crop yields, without causing seawater intrusion. Together, the optimization models consider the weather seasons, and the suitability and variability of existing cultivable land, crops, and the hydrogeologic system better than the models that do not employ the distributed maximum groundwater pumping rates that will not induce seawater intrusion. The optimization outcomes suggest that minimizing agricultural rice cultivation (especially during the non-monsoon season) and increasing crop diversification would improve farmers’ livelihoods and aid sustainable use of water resources
Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report FY 2008
The 2008 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single document that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project conducted with grant funds during the period, 2) citations for related publications, reports, and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable awards and achievements during the year
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Tool for Best Management Practices Selection and Spatial Placement in the Lower Bear River Watershed, Utah
This dissertation presents a set of approaches to help address water quality problems related to total phosphorus loads in water bodies. Water quality degradation is caused by many nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, fertilizers applications, and bank erosion. Three studies present methodologies for water quality protection from degradation in watersheds. The first study demonstrates the application of a watershed simulation tool that can quantify flows in the watershed, the amount of released pollutants and identify the areas contributing to the pollutants’ release in the watershed. The second study presents a simple combination tool that can pair potential management practices with the identified nonpoint sources areas to generate cost-effective combinations of management practices for reducing excess phosphorus loading to water bodies. The last study develops an optimization framework that recommends the area optimum sizes that are available for implementing management practices. These studies were applied to real-case problems to reduce excess nutrients within the Lower Bear River Watershed in northern Utah and expected to improve the management of nutrient control plans under the allocated funds
Modeling of Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Conventional and Machine Learning Approaches, in Thames River, Canada
Water resource management, planning, hydraulic design, environmental conservation, reservoir management and operation all require reliable information and data about Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). To predict such data, direct sampling and Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) are commonly utilized. Since direct sampling can be risky during extreme weather events and SRC cannot provide satisfactorily dependable results, engineers are trying to propose new precise fore-casting approaches. Various soft computing techniques have been applied to model different hydrological and environmental problems and have showed promising results in this regard. Although many studies have been performed to simulate the phenomena of SSC at numerous rivers and creeks in the literature, the SSC is a site-specific problem. In this study, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were proposed and compared with the conventional SRC and linear regression methods. Using different combination of measured data from 1993 to 2016 of SSC and simultaneous Stream dis-charge, Water Temperature, and Electric Conductivity for Thames River at Byron Station, London, Canada, several models were trained. Goodness of each model was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error, Root-Mean Square Error and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient. Results show that ANN models are of a superior accuracy if compared with other approaches in predicting SSC for this river
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