Strategies of anomalies detection in bridges and tunnels as a tool for structural health management. New approaches and AI support.

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Simulation-optimization models for the dynamic berth allocation problem

Container terminals are designed to provide support for the continuous changes in container ships. The most common schemes used for dock management are based on discrete and continuous locations. In view of the steadily growing trend in increasing container ship size, more flexible berth allocation planning is mandatory. The consideration of continuous location in the container terminal is a good option. This paper addresses the berth allocation problem with continuous dock, which is called dynamic berth allocation problem (DBAP). We propose a mathematical model and develop a heuristic procedure, based on a genetic algorithm, to solve the corresponding mixed integer problem. Allocation planning aims to minimise distances travelled by the forklifts and the quay crane, for container loading and unloading operations for each ship, according to the quay crane scheduling. Simulations are undertaken using Arena software, and experimental analysis is carried out for the most important container terminal in Spain

The chemical reaction optimization approach to solving the environmentally sustainable network design problem

postprin

Water Distribution System Computer-Aided Design by Agent Swarm Optimization

Optimal design of water distribution systems (WDS), including the sizing of components, quality control, reliability, renewal and rehabilitation strategies, etc., is a complex problem in water engineering that requires robust methods of optimization. Classical methods of optimization are not well suited for analyzing highly-dimensional, multimodal, non-linear problems, especially given inaccurate, noisy, discrete and complex data. Agent Swarm Optimization (ASO) is a novel paradigm that exploits swarm intelligence and borrows some ideas from multiagent based systems. It is aimed at supporting decisionmaking processes by solving multi-objective optimization problems. ASO offers robustness through a framework where various population-based algorithms co-exist. The ASO framework is described and used to solve the optimal design of WDS. The approach allows engineers to work in parallel with the computational algorithms to force the recruitment of new searching elements, thus contributing to the solution process with expert-based proposals.This work has been developed with the support of the project IDAWAS, DPI2009-11591, of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, and ACOMP/2010/146 of the education department of the Generalitat Valenciana. The use of English was revised by John Rawlins.Montalvo Arango, I.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J.; Pérez García, R.; Herrera Fernández, AM. (2014). Water Distribution System Computer-Aided Design by Agent Swarm Optimization. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 29(6):433-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12062S433448296Adeli, H., & Kumar, S. (1995). Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Structural Optimization. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 8(3), 156-163. doi:10.1061/(asce)0893-1321(1995)8:3(156)Afshar, M. H., Akbari, M., & Mariño, M. A. (2005). 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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 388(7), 1213-1220. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2008.12.008Izquierdo , J. Montalvo , I. Pérez , R. Tavera , M. 2008b Optimization in water systems: a PSO approach 239 46Jafarkhani, R., & Masri, S. F. (2010). Finite Element Model Updating Using Evolutionary Strategy for Damage Detection. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 26(3), 207-224. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8667.2010.00687.xJanson, S., Merkle, D., & Middendorf, M. (2008). Molecular docking with multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization. Applied Soft Computing, 8(1), 666-675. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2007.05.005Kalungi, P., & Tanyimboh, T. T. (2003). Redundancy model for water distribution systems. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 82(3), 275-286. doi:10.1016/s0951-8320(03)00168-6Keedwell, E., & Khu, S.-T. (2006). Novel Cellular Automata Approach to Optimal Water Distribution Network Design. 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(2011). Reliability and Tolerance Comparison in Water Supply Networks. Water Resources Management, 25(5), 1437-1448. doi:10.1007/s11269-010-9753-2Montalvo Arango, I. (s. f.). Diseño óptimo de sistemas de distribución de agua mediante Agent Swarm Optimization. doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/14858Montalvo, I., Izquierdo, J., Pérez-García, R., & Herrera, M. (2010). Improved performance of PSO with self-adaptive parameters for computing the optimal design of Water Supply Systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 23(5), 727-735. doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2010.01.015Montalvo, I., Izquierdo, J., Pérez, R., & Iglesias, P. L. (2008). A diversity-enriched variant of discrete PSO applied to the design of water distribution networks. Engineering Optimization, 40(7), 655-668. doi:10.1080/03052150802010607Montalvo, I., Izquierdo, J., Pérez, R., & Tung, M. M. (2008). Particle Swarm Optimization applied to the design of water supply systems. 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Reducing gaps in quantitative association rules: A genetic programming free-parameter algorithm

The extraction of useful information for decision making is a challenge in many different domains. Association rule mining is one of the most important techniques in this field, discovering relationships of interest among patterns. Despite the mining of association rules being an area of great interest for many researchers, the search for well-grouped continuous values is still a challenge, discovering rules that do not comprise patterns which represent unnecessary ranges of values. Existing algorithms for mining association rules in continuous domains are mainly based on a non-deterministic search, requiring a high number of parameters to be optimised. These parameters hinder the mining process, and the algorithms themselves must be known to those data mining experts that want to use them. We therefore present a grammar guided genetic programming algorithm that does not require as many parameters as other existing approaches and enables the discovery of quantitative association rules comprising small-size gaps. The algorithm is verified over a varied set of data, comparing the results to other association rule mining algorithms from several paradigms. Additionally, some resulting rules from different paradigms are analysed, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model for reducing gaps in numerical features

Design of in-building wireless networks deployments using evolutionary algorithms

In this article, a novel approach to deal with the design of in-building wireless networks deployments is proposed. This approach known as MOQZEA (Multiobjective Quality Zone Based Evolutionary Algorithm) is a hybr id evolutionary algorithm adapted to use a novel fitness function, based on the definition of quality zones for the different objective functions considered. This approach is conceived to solve wireless network design problems without previous information of the required number of transmitters, considering simultaneously a high number of objective functions and optimizing multiple configuration parameters of the transmitters

Evaluation of stability and integrity of a steel truss bridge in a forensic investigation

The studies presented in this Thesis have been developed in the frame of the forensic investigation into the causes of the collapse of the I-35West Bridge (I-35W) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA that occurred on August 1 st, 2007. The failure of the I-35W represents a major case-study for the evaluation of stability and integrity of a steel truss bridge. The Thesis has been developed at Columbia University and at the engineering firm Thornton Tomasetti (TT) which was hired by a national law firm, Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi, to perform a forensic investigation into the cause of the catastrophic collapse. According to the findings of the forensic investigation, the collapse was triggered by the buckling of an element of the main truss bottom chord in the main span close to the pier. The Thesis focused on technical aspects and did not attempt to assign responsibility among the involved parties. In the first part of the thesis, the background and motivation for the forensic investigation are presented together with a description of the I-35W Bridge. The definition of bridge safety and related classifications are given. The concept of structural stability and integrity of steel structures are discussed. The nature of structures and their complexity are considered as well as the methodologies used to study them. An extensive description of the structural decomposition method is presented and detailed for the case study. In this work, using the framework of a multilevel approach, the structural system has been broken down in order to perform a detailed analysis and evaluate the system performances at macro (global) and micro (local) levels. The effect of boundary conditions, thermal loads on the global system and post buckling capacity of the main truss bottom chord built up member on a local level have been studied. First, a 3D finite element model has been developed in SAP2000 using frame elements. This global-level model reproduces the entire bridge based on original drawings, design and construction specifications. The model has been verified by comparing results with the available original design calculations. Member forces and reactions based on the asdesigned conditions with the specified design loads have been confirmed. The model served to investigate the elastic behavior of the bridge and its overall response to various loading and boundary conditions. In particular, from the global model it has been possible to evaluate the static stress condition on the bridge showing how some of the temperature changes and the possible deterioration of the designed supports could affect the demand on the load carrying members. A specific lower chord member was identified as a critical member for temperature loading in particular. Second, a 3D solid element model of the recognized critical load bearing member comprised of a welded built up section with perforated cover plates was built in Abaqus. This local-level model provided information on the post buckling behavior and capacity of the load bearing member. The effects of the perforations and boundary conditions have been outlined. Furthermore, the results have been compared against hand calculations following the provisions of the Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges (AISC, 2005) for built up members and the Timoshenko plate theory for columns with perforated cover plates

Dependability of Wireless Sensor Networks

As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming ever more prevalent, the runtime characteristics of these networks are becoming an increasing issue. Commonly, external sources of interference make WSNs behave in a different manner to that expected from within simplistic simulations, resulting in the need to use additional systems which monitor the state of the network. Despite dependability of WSNs being an increasingly important issue, there are still only a limited number of works within this specific field, with the majority of works focusing on ensuring that specific devices are operational, not the application as a whole. This work instead aims to look at the dependability of WSNs from an application-centric view, taking into account the possible ways in which the application may fail and using the application's requirements to focus on assuring dependability

Research and innovation in bridge maintenance, inspection and monitoring

Europe’s aging transport infrastructure needs effective and proactive maintenance in order to continue its safe operation during the entire life cycle. This report focuses on research and innovation (R&I) in bridge maintenance, inspection and monitoring in Europe in the last quarter of a century. The assessment follows the methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Information Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically addresses issues and techniques, and also highlights new technological developments and future oriented approaches.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Infrastructure Design, Signalling and Security in Railway

Railway transportation has become one of the main technological advances of our society. Since the first railway used to carry coal from a mine in Shropshire (England, 1600), a lot of efforts have been made to improve this transportation concept. One of its milestones was the invention and development of the steam locomotive, but commercial rail travels became practical two hundred years later. From these first attempts, railway infrastructures, signalling and security have evolved and become more complex than those performed in its earlier stages. This book will provide readers a comprehensive technical guide, covering these topics and presenting a brief overview of selected railway systems in the world. The objective of the book is to serve as a valuable reference for students, educators, scientists, faculty members, researchers, and engineers