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Advances in Bosonic Quantum Error Correction with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Codes: Theory, Engineering and Applications
Encoding quantum information into a set of harmonic oscillators is considered
a hardware efficient approach to mitigate noise for reliable quantum
information processing. Various codes have been proposed to encode a qubit into
an oscillator -- including cat codes, binomial codes and
Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes. These bosonic codes are among the first
to reach a break-even point for quantum error correction. Furthermore, GKP
states not only enable close-to-optimal quantum communication rates in bosonic
channels, but also allow for error correction of an oscillator into many
oscillators. This review focuses on the basic working mechanism, performance
characterization, and the many applications of GKP codes, with emphasis on
recent experimental progress in superconducting circuit architectures and
theoretical progress in multimode GKP qubit codes and
oscillators-to-oscillators (O2O) codes. We begin with a preliminary
continuous-variable formalism needed for bosonic codes. We then proceed to the
quantum engineering involved to physically realize GKP states. We take a deep
dive into GKP stabilization and preparation in superconducting architectures
and examine proposals for realizing GKP states in the optical domain (along
with a concise review of GKP realization in trapped-ion platforms). Finally, we
present multimode GKP qubits and GKP-O2O codes, examine code performance and
discuss applications of GKP codes in quantum information processing tasks such
as computing, communication, and sensing.Comment: 77+5 pages, 31 figures. Minor bugs fixed in v2. comments are welcome