Pengaruh Larutan Kumur Probiotik Terhadap Peningkatan pH Saliva

Oral cavity disorder which have high prevalence in the community is dental caries. Dental caries occur because carbohydrate fermentation by Streptococcus mutans to form acidic condition in the oral cavity which also affect salivary pH be acidic. Acidic salivary pH cause saliva not able maintain tooth enamel. One of one of the ways that can be done to remain normal salivary pH is using probiotic gargle solution. Probiotic gargle solution quite safety to use without any side effects because adding the normal bacteria of oral cavity that can reduce Streptococcus mutans which major cause of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic gargle solution to salivary pH and to determine probiotic gargle solution can increase salivary pH. This study was quasi experimental with study design of one group pretestposttest. Subjects were 32 children of Ad-Dhuhaa Orphanage Foundation Surakarta. Subject was measured salivary pH before and after gargled using 10 ml probiotic gargle solution for 60 seconds. Five minutes after gargled, respondents were instructed to spit for 1 ml then salivary pH measured using digital pH meter 0.0-14.0 with sensitivity 0.01 from senseLine F410. Salivary pH measurement results were analyzed statistically by Paried T-Test method. The results showed that P value = 0.000 (<0.05), which mean that there was significant difference between before and after gargled using probiotic gargle solution. So it could be concluded that probiotic gargle solution could effectively increase the salivary pH

Multiple human herpesvirus-8 infection

In Malawian patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and their relatives, we investigated nucleotide-sequence variation in human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) subgenomic DNA, amplified from oral and blood samples by use of polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four people had amplifiable HHV-8 DNA in >1 sample; 9 (38%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 21 (88%) were anti-HHV-8-seropositive, and 7 (29%) had KS. Sequence variation was sought in 3 loci of the HHV-8 genome: the internal repeat domain of open-reading frame (ORF) 73, the KS330 segment of ORF 26, and variable region 1 of ORF K1. Significant intraperson/intersample and intrasample sequence polymorphisms were observed in 14 people (60%). For 3 patients with KS, intraperson genotypic differences, arising from nucleotide sequence variations in ORFs 26 and K1, were found in blood and oral samples. For 2 other patients with KS and for 9 people without KS, intraperson genotypic and subgenotypic differences, originating predominantly from ORF K1, were found in oral samples; for the 2 patients with KS and for 4 individuals without KS, intrasample carriage of distinct ORF K1 sequences also were discernible. Our findings imply HHV-8 superinfection

Efektifitas Herba Gargarisma terhadap Streptococcus pada Rongga Mulut

This study examines oral hygiene that may influence the physical condition of any human body. This influence is so strong since entering any food get into the body through mouth. Naturally, our grand parents have already eaten something that disinfect microorganism in their mouths. For instant, they eat a kind of herb gargle or mouth wash from any cheap plantation. Not only cheap, but it is also safe because it has no side effect at all. Therefore, this study would like to observe the effectiveness of any kind of herb gargle to control microorganism in the mouth. The purpose of this study is to compare some herb gargles which may refresh our mouth. The sample was 45 children consist of male and female in the Panti Asuhan Yatama Firdaus, at kelurahan Srondol Wotan, Kecamatan Banyumanik, Semarang. Three kind of gargle such as clove (Eugenia carryophyllata), sirih (piper betel) and nira aren (arenga pinnala) were distributed to three groups of 45 children. Each group consists of 15 children rinsed a kind of gargle and spited out into a glass tube prepared. The concentration of bacteria from their mouth was measured in the laboratory. Therefore, herba gargarisma that controls microorganism in their mouth identified. The results indicate that reducing streptococcus by rinsing clove is stronger a sirih and nira. It is because the clove contains eugenol. But since it is so hot, many people dislike to chew clove their mouth. However, the clove is good additional raw material for toothpaste and/or gargle. We believe that clove in the toothpaste and/or gargle will reduce the concentration of the streptococcus in the mouth. Therefore, this study recommends that clove may be used in the industrially to produce toothpaste and gargle since it is can give a good affect the oral hygiene. Key words: herb gargle, streptococcus, mout

FORMULATION OF GARGLE FROM TRIGONA SP. PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND ITS ACTIVITY AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

Objective: In this research, the formulations of a gargle with Trigona sp. propolis extracts as an alternative of dental caries therapy and test its activity against Streptococcus mutans was carried out. Methods: The experimental laboratory have been carried out with the following stages of work, material collection and processing, extraction of Trigona sp. propolis by maceration with 95% ethanol, phytochemical screening, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, formulation of the gargle, activity, contact time and stability test of the formulas. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that Trigona sp. propolis extracts containing flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.25% w/v. The formulation of gargle from Trigona sp. propolis extract were a yellow solution with mint odor and taste of mint and sweet. The antibacterial activity of gargle preparation and formulas from the market as a comparison, showed that the formula with a concentration of 1% w/v gave a significant difference to the market preparation. The formulation of gargle from Trigona sp. propolis extract has good inhibition against bacteria S. mutans with a contact time of 60 seconds and is physically stable during the 35 d of storage time. Conclusion: The formulation of gargle from Trigona sp. propolis extract is an excellent preparation to be developed in the future in the treatment of dental caries

User acceptability of saliva and gargle samples for identifying COVID-19 positive high-risk workers and household contacts

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic nasopharyngeal or nose and/or throat swabs (NTS) have been the primary approach for collecting patient samples for the subsequent detection of viral RNA. However, this procedure, if undertaken correctly, can be unpleasant and therefore deters individuals from providing high quality samples. To overcome these limitations other modes of sample collection have been explored. In a cohort of frontline health care workers we have compared saliva and gargle samples to gold-standard NTS. 93% of individuals preferred providing saliva or gargle samples, with little sex-dependent variation. Viral titers collected in samples were analyzed using standard methods and showed that gargle and saliva were similarly comparable for identifying COVID-19 positive individuals compared to NTS (92% sensitivity; 98% specificity). We suggest that gargle and saliva collection are viable alternatives to NTS swabs and may encourage testing to provide better disease diagnosis and population surveillance

Medical microbiological analysis of Apollo-Soyuz test project crewmembers

The procedures and results of the Microbial Exchange Experiment (AR-002) of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project are described. Included in the discussion of procedural aspects are methods and materials, in-flight microbial specimen collection, and preliminary analysis of microbial specimens. Medically important microorganisms recovered from both Apollo and Soyuz crewmen are evaluated

The Evaluation of Flow Property of Alginate Impression Material Mixed with Gargle Solutions

The effects of antiseptic and gargle solutions mixed with the irreversible hydrocolloid alginate impression material to anti-bacterial activity and several properties had been elucidated. The flow property of the such impression has been not elucidated yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the flow property of alginate impression mixed with gargle solution. Aroma Fine Plus alginate impression material was used and mixed with aquadest as control and Minosep, Betadine and Total Care gargle solutions. Ratio between alginate and each solutions were performed by following the producer’s guidance as 8.4gr alginate and 20ml solution. The every alginate mixtures were made in triplicate (n=3).&nbsp; Measurement of flow capability was performed by using 0.5ml of alginate mix laid on glass plate covered with cellophane strip and loaded with 1kg metal for 1 minute. The major and minor diameters were measured by using digital caliper. Data were analyzed&nbsp; by using one way ANOVA (α= 0.05). Aroma Fine mixed with aquadest showed the flow capability was about 26.18mm. Mixed with Minosep showed about 27.85mm, with Betadine 29.19mm and Total Care 27.11mm respectively. Statistically show a significant different&nbsp; flow capability between aquadest and Betadine mixed impression (p=0.01). Minosep and Total Care gargle solutions showed insignificant different with aquadest mixed impression (p&gt;0.05). It can be concluded that the utilizing of Minosep and Total care gargle solution as &nbsp;solutions mixed with alginate impression material have no effect to flow property of the impression, except by using Betadine gargle solution

Magnesium Gargle versus Ketamine Gargle in Postoperative Sore Throat Pain; A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: A wide range of approaches have been tested for the prevention and treatment of postoperative sore throat pain (POST pain). This study attempted to compare the effects of gargling with Ketamine or Magnesium Sulfate on POST pain.&nbsp; Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 60 patients scheduled for prone position laminectomy were randomly assigned into three groups: Ketamine (n=20), Magnesium (n=20), and Control (n=20). The Magnesium group received magnesium sulfate gargle (30 mg/kg in a total of 30 ml 5% Dextrose water), the Ketamine group received Ketamine gargle (0.5 mg/kg in a total of 30 ml 5% Dextrose water) and the control group received 30 ml 5% Dextrose water gargle; all these solutions were administered 10 min before anesthesia induction. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for throat pain was recorded in the recovery room; immediately after arrival and then, at 2, 4, and 24 hours postoperatively in the ward. Would there be any VAS equal to or more than 3 of 10, rescue analgesics were administered immediately and their cumulative doses were recorded.&nbsp; Results: The incidence of complaint-free patients in the Ketamine group was significantly higher than in the other two groups. The incidence of sore throat with VAS≥3, mandating rescue analgesia, was significantly lower than the other two groups. patient satisfaction after surgery was significantly higher in the Ketamine group.&nbsp; Conclusion: Patients experiencing POST pain treated with “Ketamine gargle” had better results compared with “Magnesium Sulfate” or “Placebo” gargle.&nbsp

Dexmedetomidine is as effective as Ketamine in post operative sore throat a randomized double – blind study

Background: sore throat as one of the common postoperative challenges, with a prevalence of 65%, mandates more attention. Many therapeutic approaches have been tested; including ketamine gargle. This study compares the effect dexmedetomidine versus ketamine, both used as preoperative gargle, on the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat in emergency surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: All patients undergoing emergency surgical procedures who referred to Shohadaye-Tajrish Hospital and needed anesthesia using succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction were considered as the target population and patients with ASA class 1-2, who aged 18-64 years, were enrolled. Inside the operating theatre, patients’ vital signs recorded and they were divided into ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups, each including 20 patients, receiving 0.5 mg/kg ketamine or 0.25µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 100cc water to gargle before induction of anesthesia. Standard similar anesthesia protocols were applied for all patients. In PACU sore throat was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) scoring. Results: in the ketamine group, 8 cases and in the dexmedetomidine group, 12 had dry throat (p= 0.150). The mean severity of the postoperative sore throat was 2.10± (minimum score of one and a maximum of 3) without significant difference between the two groups (p=0.344). mean diastolic pressure and SpO2 were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the ketamine group (p=0.047 and 0.001). Conclusion: both dexmedetomidine and ketamine gargle could be equally useful and effective in reducing postoperative sore throat