29 research outputs found

    Physical Layer Techniques for High Frequency Wireline Broadband Systems

    Get PDF
    This thesis collects contributions to wireline and wireless communication systems with an emphasis on multiuser and multicarrier physical layer technology. To deliver increased capacity, modern wireline access systems such as G.fast extend the signal bandwidth up from tens to hundreds of MHz. This ambitious development revealed a number of unforeseen hurdles such as the impact of impedance changes in various forms. Impedance changes have a strong effect on the performance of multi-user crosstalk mitigation techniques such as vectoring. The first part of the thesis presents papers covering the identification of one of these problems, a model describing why it occurs and a method to mitigate its effects, improving line stability for G.fast systems.A second part of the thesis deals with the effects of temperature changes on wireline channels. When a vectored (MIMO) wireline system is initialized, channel estimates need to be obtained. This thesis presents contributions on the feasibility of re-using channel coefficients to speed up the vectoring startup procedures, even after the correct coefficients have changed, e.g., due to temperature changes. We also present extensive measurement results showing the effects of temperature changes on copper channels using a temperature chamber and British cables. The last part of the thesis presents three papers on the convergence of physical layer technologies, more specifically the deployment of OFDM-based radio systems using twisted pairs in different ways. In one proposed scenario, the idea of using the access copper lines to deploy small cells inside users' homes is explored. The feasibility of the concept, the design of radio-heads and a practical scheme for crosstalk mitigation are presented in three contributions

    Mitigation of impulsive noise for SISO and MIMO G.fast system

    Get PDF
    To address the demand for high bandwidth data transmission over telephone transmission lines, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has recently completed the fourth generation broadband (4GBB) copper access network technology, known as G.fast. Throughout this thesis, extensively investigates the wired broadband G.fast coding system and the novel impulsive noise reduction technique has been proposed to improve the performance of wired communications network in three different scenarios: single-line Discrete Multiple Tone (DMT)- G.fast system; a multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) DMTG.fast system, and MIMO G.fast system with different crosstalk cancellation methods. For each of these scenarios, however, Impulsive Noise (IN) is considered as the main limiting factor of performance system. In order to improve the performance of such systems, which use higher order QAM constellation such as G.fast system, this thesis examines the performance of DMT G.fast system over copper channel for six different higher signal constellations of M = 32, 128, 512, 2048, 8192 and 32768 in presence of IN modelled as the Middleton Class A (MCA) noise source. In contrast to existing work, this thesis presents and derives a novel equation of Optimal Threshold (OT) to improve the IN frequency domain mitigation methods applied to the G.fast standard over copper channel with higher QAM signal constellations. The second scenario, Multi-Line Copper Wire (MLCW) G.fast is adopted utilizing the proposed MLCW Chen model and is compared to a single line G-fast system by a comparative analysis in terms of Bit-Error-Rate(BER) performance of implementation of MLCW-DMT G.fast system. The third scenario, linear and non-linear crosstalk crosstalk interference cancellation methods are applied to MLCW G.fas and compared by a comparative analysis in terms of BER performance and the complexity of implementation.University of Technology for choosing me for their PhD scholarship and The Higher Committee For Education Development in Iraq(HCED

    Transmission lines, quantum graphs and fluctuations on complex networks

    Get PDF
    High-frequency devices are commonplace and at their foundations often lie cable networks forming fundamental sub-systems with the primary role of transferring energy and information. With increasing demand for ”more electric” systems, the emerging trends in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as the surge in global mobile data traffic, the complexities of the underlying networks become more challenging to model deterministically. In such scenarios, statistical approaches are best suited because it becomes daunting to accurately model details of such networks. In this thesis, I present a quantum graph (QG) approach of modelling the transfer of energy and information through complex networks. In its own right, the graph model is used to predict the scattering spectrum in wired communications, as well as statistical predictions in wireless communication systems. I derive a more generalised vertex scattering matrix that takes into account cables of different characteristics connected at a common node. This is significant in real applications where different kinds of cables are connected. For example, in digital subscriber line (DSL) networks, the final loop drop may consist of cables with different characteristics. The proposed graph model is successfully validated both with a Transmission Line (TL) approach, and with laboratory experiments. The model agrees well with the universal predictions of Random Matrix Theory (RMT). In particular, the statistics of resonance is compared with the predictions of Weyl's law, while the level-spacing distribution is compared with the Wigner's surmise, which is a telltale signature of chaotic mixing of the underlying waves. In addition, I propose an analogue of the so-called random coupling model (RCM), which is important in the study of electromagnetic waves propagating in chaotic cavities. To achieve this, I present a procedure for symmetrising the transfer operator, which we use to modify the QG model in order for it to be comparable to RCM. Unlike the RCM which depends on Gaussian random variables, the graph model works for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics. We use the analogue model to investigate the impact of different boundary conditions on the distribution of energy in networks with different topologies and connectivities. I further present a novel technique of using quantum graphs to predict the statistics of multi-antenna wireless communication systems. In this context, I present three different ways of calculating the probability density function of Shannon channel capacity. The analytical calculations compare favourably with numerical simulations of networks of varying complexities. In the area of wired communications, the graph model is used to model the distribution of data in G.fast networks (the fourth-generation Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks), using realistic cable parameters from the so-called TNO-Ericsson model. In particular, we show that quantum graph formalism can be used to simulate the in-premises distribution network at G.fast frequencies. The parameters of CAD5555 (or B0505a) cables and the in-house distribution network reported in the International Telecommunication Union documentation were used in the simulations

    Transmission lines, quantum graphs and fluctuations on complex networks

    Get PDF
    High-frequency devices are commonplace and at their foundations often lie cable networks forming fundamental sub-systems with the primary role of transferring energy and information. With increasing demand for ”more electric” systems, the emerging trends in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as the surge in global mobile data traffic, the complexities of the underlying networks become more challenging to model deterministically. In such scenarios, statistical approaches are best suited because it becomes daunting to accurately model details of such networks. In this thesis, I present a quantum graph (QG) approach of modelling the transfer of energy and information through complex networks. In its own right, the graph model is used to predict the scattering spectrum in wired communications, as well as statistical predictions in wireless communication systems. I derive a more generalised vertex scattering matrix that takes into account cables of different characteristics connected at a common node. This is significant in real applications where different kinds of cables are connected. For example, in digital subscriber line (DSL) networks, the final loop drop may consist of cables with different characteristics. The proposed graph model is successfully validated both with a Transmission Line (TL) approach, and with laboratory experiments. The model agrees well with the universal predictions of Random Matrix Theory (RMT). In particular, the statistics of resonance is compared with the predictions of Weyl's law, while the level-spacing distribution is compared with the Wigner's surmise, which is a telltale signature of chaotic mixing of the underlying waves. In addition, I propose an analogue of the so-called random coupling model (RCM), which is important in the study of electromagnetic waves propagating in chaotic cavities. To achieve this, I present a procedure for symmetrising the transfer operator, which we use to modify the QG model in order for it to be comparable to RCM. Unlike the RCM which depends on Gaussian random variables, the graph model works for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics. We use the analogue model to investigate the impact of different boundary conditions on the distribution of energy in networks with different topologies and connectivities. I further present a novel technique of using quantum graphs to predict the statistics of multi-antenna wireless communication systems. In this context, I present three different ways of calculating the probability density function of Shannon channel capacity. The analytical calculations compare favourably with numerical simulations of networks of varying complexities. In the area of wired communications, the graph model is used to model the distribution of data in G.fast networks (the fourth-generation Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks), using realistic cable parameters from the so-called TNO-Ericsson model. In particular, we show that quantum graph formalism can be used to simulate the in-premises distribution network at G.fast frequencies. The parameters of CAD5555 (or B0505a) cables and the in-house distribution network reported in the International Telecommunication Union documentation were used in the simulations

    Surface Wave Transmission Line Theory for Single and Many Wire Systems

    Full text link
    Examining cables using many conductor transmission line theory has shed light on the modes supported by various cable types. However, so far the theory disregards the fundamental surface wave mode whose lateral confinement increases with frequency and hence is expected to play an important role in high frequency applications. To address this issue, we propose an extension to the theory which incorporates surface waves on uncoated, cylindrical wires. Crucially, this requires new definitions of the per unit length transmission line parameters which are derived using the single wire surface wave solution. By closely examining a two wire and three wire system, we show that these new parameters can predict surface waves as well as modes found using conventional many conductor transmission line theory. Furthermore, all calculated modes are validated experimentally by diagonalization of a measured channel transfer matrix. Additionally, the theoretically predicted propagation constants for the modes are validated against full numerical simulation for the two wire case and good agreement is observed when proximity effects can be neglected.Comment: 22 pages, 5 Figures, data and supplementary material will be made available at a later stag

    Performance Enhancement in Copper Twisted Pair Cable Communications

    Get PDF
    The thesis focuses on the area of copper twisted pair based wireline communications. As one of the most widely deployed communication media, the copper twisted pair cable plays an important role in the communication network cabling infrastructure. This thesis looks to exploit diversity to improve twisted pair channels for data communications in two common application areas, namely Ethernet over Twisted Paris and digital subscriber line over twisted pair based telephone network. The first part of the thesis addresses new approaches to next generation Ethernet over twisted pair cable. The coming challenge for Ethernet over twisted pair cable is to realise a higher data rate beyond the 25/40GBASE-T standard, in relatively short reach scenarios. The straight-forward approaches, such as improving cable quality and extending frequency bandwidth, are unlikely to provide significant improvement in terms of data rate. However, other system diversities, such as spectrum utilization are yet to be fully exploited, so as to meet the desired data rate performance. The current balanced transmission over the structured twisted pair cable and its parallel single-in-single-out channel model is revisited and formulated as a full-duplex multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) channel model. With a common ground (provided by the cable shield), the balanced transmission is converted into unbalanced transmission, by replacing the differential-mode excitation with single-ended excitation. In this way, MIMO adoption may offer spectrum utilization advantages due to the doubled number of the channels. The S-parameters of the proposed MIMO channel model is obtained through the full wave electromagnetic simulation of a short CAT7A cable. The channel models are constructed from the resulting S-parameters, also the corresponding theoretical capacity is evaluated by exploiting different diversity scenarios. With higher spectrum efficiency, the orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) modulation can significantly improve the theoretical capacity compared with single-carrier modulation, where the channel frequency selectivity is aided. The MIMO can further enhance the capacity by minimising the impact of the crosstalk. When the crosstalk is properly handled under the unbalanced transmission, this thesis shows that the theoretical capacity of the EoTP cable can reach nearly 200GBit/s. In order to further extend the bandwidth capability of twisted pair cables, Phantom Mode transmission is studied, aiming at creating more channels under balanced transmission operation. The second part of the thesis focuses on the research of advanced scheduling algorithms for VDSL2 QoS enhancement. For VDSL2 broadband access networks, multi-user optimisation techniques have been developed, so as to improve the basic data rate performance. Spectrum balancing improves the network performance by optimising users transmit power spectra as the resource allocation, to mitigate the impact from the crosstalk. Aiming at enhancing the performance for the upstream VDSL2 service, where the users QoS demand is not known by all other users, a set of autonomous spectrum balancing algorithms is proposed. These optimise users transmit power spectra locally with only direct channel state information. To prevent selfish behaviour, the concept of a virtual user is introduced to represent the impact on both crosstalk interference and queueing status of other users. Moreover, novel algorithms are developed to determine the parameters and the weight of the virtual user. Another type of resource allocation in the VDSL2 network is crosstalk cancellation by centralised signal coordination. The history of the data queue is considered as a time series, on which different smooth filter characteristics are investigated in order to investigate further performance improvement. The use of filter techniques accounts for both the instantaneous queue length and also the previous data to determine the most efficient dynamic resource allocation. With the help of this smoothed dynamic resource allocation, the network will benefit from both reduced signalling communication and improved delay performance.The proposed algorithms are verified by numerical experiments
    corecore