Biped robot walking control on inclined planes with fuzzy parameter adaptation

The bipedal structure is suitable for a robot functioning in the human environment, and assuming assistive roles. However, the bipedal walk is a poses a difficult control problem. Walking on even floor is not satisfactory for the applicability of a humanoid robot. This paper presents a study on bipedal walk on inclined planes. A Zero Moment Point (ZMP) based reference generation technique is employed. The orientation of the upper body is adjusted online by a fuzzy logic system to adapt to different walking surface slopes. This system uses a sampling time larger than the one of the joint space position controllers. A newly defined measure of the oscillatory behavior of the body pitch angle and the average value of the pelvis pitch angle are used as inputs to the fuzzy adaptation system. A 12-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) biped robot model is used in the full-dynamics 3-D simulations. Simulations are carried out on even floor and inclined planes with different slopes. The results indicate that the fuzzy adaptation algorithms presented are successful in enabling the robot to climb slopes of 5.6 degrees (10 percent)

Humanoid robot walking control on inclined planes

The humanoid bipedal structure is suitable for a assitive robot functioning in the human environment. However, the bipedal walk is a difficult control problem. Walking just on even floor is not satisfactory for the applicability of a humanoid robot. This paper presents a study on bipedal walk on inclined planes. A Zero Moment Point (ZMP) based reference generation technique is employed. The orientation of the feet is adjusted online by a fuzzy logic system to adapt to different walking surface slopes. This system uses a sampling time larger than the one of the joint space position controllers. The average value of the body pitch angle is used as the inputs to the fuzzy logic system. A foot pitch orientation compensator implemented independently for the two feet complements the fuzyy controller. A 12-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) biped robot model is used in the full-dynamics 3-D simulations. Simulations are carried out on even floor and inclined planes with different slopes. The results indicate that the control method presented is successful in enabling the robot to climb slopes of 8.5 degrees (15 percent grade)

Simple virtual slip force sensor for walking biped robots

This paper presents a novel simple Virtual Slip Force Sensor (VSFS) for a walking biped. Bipeds walking stability is critical and they tend to lose it easily in real environments. Among the significant aspects that affect the stability is the availability of the required friction force which is necessary for the robot not to slip. In this paper we propose the use of the virtual sensor to detect the slip force. The design structure of the VSFS consists of two steps, in the first step it utilizes the measured acceleration of the center of mass (CoM) and the ZMP signals in the simple linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) to estimate the position of the CoM, and in the second step the Newton law is employed to find the total ground reaction force (GRF) for each leg based on the position of CoM. Then both the estimated force and the measured force from the sensors assembled at the foot are used to detect the slip force. The validity of the proposed estimation method was confirmed by simulations on 3D dynamics model of the humanoid robot SURALP while walking. The results are promising and prove themselves well

Humanoid robot orientation stabilization by shoulder joint motion during locomotion

Arm swing action is a natural phenomenon that emerges in biped locomotion. A shoulder torque reference generation method is introduced in this paper to utilize arms of a humanoid robot during locomotion. Main idea of the technique is the employment of shoulder joint actuation torques in order to stabilize body orientation. The reference torques are computed by a method which utilizes proportional and derivative actions. Body orientation angles serve as the inputs of this system. The approach is tested via simulations with the 3D full-dynamics model of the humanoid robot SURALP (Sabanci University Robotics Research Laboratory Platform). Results indicate that the method is successful in reducing oscillations of body angles during bipedal walking

Implementation and Integration of Fuzzy Algorithms for Descending Stair of KMEI Humanoid Robot

Locomotion of humanoid robot depends on the mechanical characteristic of the robot. Walking on descending stairs with integrated control systems for the humanoid robot is proposed. The analysis of trajectory for descending stairs is calculated by the constrains of step length stair using fuzzy algorithm. The established humanoid robot on dynamically balance on this matter of zero moment point has been pretended to be consisting of single support phase and double support phase. Walking transition from single support phase to double support phase is needed for a smooth transition cycle. To accomplish the problem, integrated motion and controller are divided into two conditions: motion working on offline planning and controller working online walking gait generation. To solve the defect during locomotion of the humanoid robot, it is directly controlled by the fuzzy logic controller. This paper verified the simulation and the experiment for descending stair of KMEI humanoid robot.&nbsp

Ground reaction force sensor fault detection and recovery method based on virtual force sensor for walking biped robots

This paper presents a novel method for ground force sensor faults detection and faulty signal reconstruction using Virtual force Sensor (VFS) for slow walking bipeds. The design structure of the VFS consists of two steps, the total ground reaction force (GRF) and its location estimation for each leg based on the center of mass (CoM) position, the leg kinematics, and the IMU readings is carried on in the first step. In the second step, the optimal estimation of the distributed reaction forces at the contact points in the feet sole of walking biped is carried on. For the optimal estimation, a constraint model is obtained for the distributed reaction forces at the contact points and the quadratic programming optimization method is used to solve for the GRF. The output of the VFS is used for fault detection and recovery. A faulty signal model is formed to detect the faults based on a threshold, and recover the signal using the VFS outputs. The sensor offset, drift, and frozen output faults are studied and tested. The proposed method detects and estimates the faults and recovers the faulty signal smoothly. The validity of the proposed estimation method was confirmed by simulations on 3D dynamics model of the humanoid robot SURALP while walking. The results are promising and prove themselves well in all of the studied fault cases