Desain Kontrol Multi – Input DC–DC Converter Sistem Hibrid Turbin Angin dan Sel Surya Menggunakan Kontrol Fuzzy Logic untuk Tegangan Rendah

this paper describes a hybrid system that consist of  Wind Turbines and Photovoltaic to supply electricity continuously for  load. Output of Wind Turbines and Photovoltaic is controlled in order to generate maximum power. Multiple-input dc-dc converters is used to control power flow in order to have MPP (Maximum Power Point). Converter control using Fuzzy logic controller to control the output in order to be obtained MPP (Maximum Power Point) from Wind Turbines and Photovoltaic, so the efficiency of wind turbines and photovoltaic can be improved.Keywords : Maximum Power Point, Hybrid System, Fuzzy logic controllerAbstrak—Dalam makalah ini diuraikan sistem hibrid yang menggabungkan Turbin Angin dan Photovoltaic untuk memasok listrik terus-menerus pada beban. Output dari Turbin Angin dan Photovoltaic diatur agar menghasilkan daya yang maksimum. Konverter multiple-input buck-boost dc-dc digunakan untuk mengatur aliran daya agar didapatkan MPP(Maximum Power Point). Kontrol konverter menggunakan Fuzzy Logic controller untuk mengkontrol output sehingga didapat MPP(Maximum Power Point) dari Turbin Angin dan Photovoltaic, sehingga effisiensi dari Turbin Angin dan Photovoltaic dapat ditingkatkan.Kata Kunci : Maximum Power Point, system hibrid, Fuzzy Logic controller

Analysis of fuzzy logic controller based bi-directional DC-DC converter for battery energy management in hybrid solar/wind micro grid system

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based battery energy management system in hybrid renewable system. The novel topology consists of solar and wind energy system-based input sources and a battery bank to store the energy when in excess. The PV-Wind source is equipped with unidirectional boost converter whereas, the battery storage system is connected to the system with a bi-directional DC/DC converter. The main novelty of this research is the fuzzy logic-based battery management system which charges and discharges into the DC bus system based on the supply-load demand. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in the PV and wind energy conversion system (WECS) to track the maximum available power for the different irradiance and wind velocity respectively. The obtained results are compared to conventional P&O MPPT control algorithm to find the effectiveness of the system. A 500 W PV system and a 500 W Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WECS is implemented for its simplicity and high efficiency. The proposed control topology is designed and tested using MATLAB/Simulin

Optimal Scheduled Power Flow for the Distributed Photovoltaic-Wind Turbine-Diesel Generator with Battery Storage System

Published ThesisThe high cost of the transportation of power from the grid to rural areas is a great concern for most of the countries in the world and the above results in many remote areas not being able to have electricity. To overcome the challenges of electrification of rural areas, some generate their own energy by continuous or prime power diesel generators (DGs) or by producing energy using different small-scale renewable energy sources (Photovoltaic, Wind, hydroelectric and others). Despite their advantages of being easy to transport, easy to install and of low initial cost, diesel generators present many disadvantages when they are used as continuous or prime power sources due to the high requirement of fuels and non-linearity of daily load demand profile. Beside the cost, diesel generators are detrimental to the environment and cause global warming. To overcome the issues of costs and global warming, diesel generators can be used in combination with renewable energy such as photovoltaic as a backup to form a hybrid power generation system. The stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power generators have drawbacks as the power produced depends on the sun and wind, which means that if there is no sun or wind, no electricity can be produced. The non-linearity of solar and wind resources makes the stand-alone photovoltaic and wind operation non-reliable. The combination of photovoltaic-wind turbine–diesel-battery power generation ensures that the energy produced is reliable and efficient. The diesel generator is used as back up to the system and is used only when the renewable energy sources are insufficient and the battery banks are low. The PV-WT-Diesel-Battery hybrid power system reduces the consumption of fuel hence minimizes fuel costs. The system also presents the advantage of less pollution to the environment due to the short running time of the generator, a low generator maintenance requirement and long life expectancy of the generator. As indicated above, the hybrid systems have the advantage of saving costs compare to a standalone diesel generator operation, but the system requires proper control to minimize the operation costs while ensuring optimum power flow considering the intermittent solar and wind resources, the batteries state of charge and the fluctuating load demand. The aim of this research is to develop two different control strategies to minimize the daily operational cost of hybrid systems involving PV/WT/DG and batteries by finding the optimal schedules for running the diesel generator while in the meantime responding to the power required by the load. The two control strategies developed are “Continuous operational mode” and “ON/OFF” operational mode. The developed mathematical models of the two control strategies are simulated using MatLab functions, with “fmincon solver” for continuous operational mode and “Intlinprog solver” for ON/OFF operational mode

Modeling, Simulation and Control of Wind Diesel Power Systems

Wind diesel power systems (WDPSs) are isolated microgrids that combine diesel generators (DGs) with wind turbine generators (WTGs). Often, WDPS are the result of adding WTGs to a previous existing diesel power plant located in a remote place where there is an available wind resource. By means of power supplied by WTGs, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are reduced. WDPSs are isolated power systems with low inertia where important system frequency and voltage variations occur. WDPS dynamic modeling and simulation allows short-term simulations to be carried out to obtain detailed electrical variable transients so that WDPS stability and power quality can be tested. This book includes papers on several subjects regarding WDPSs: the main topic of interest is WDPS dynamic modeling and simulation, but related areas such as the sizing of the different WDPS components, studies concerning the control of WDPSs or the use of energy storage systems (ESSs) in WDPSs and the benefits that ESSs provide to WDPS are also discussed. The book also deals with related AC isolated microgrids, such as wind-hydro microgrids or wind-photovoltaic-diesel microgrids

An Optimized Combination of a Large Grid Connected PV System along with Battery Cells and a Diesel Generator

Environmental, economical and technical benefits of photovoltaic (PV) systems make them to be used in many countries. The main characteristic of PV systems is the fluctuations of their output power. Hence, high penetration of PV systems into electric network could be detrimental to overall system performance. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the output power of PV systems make it difficult to predict their output, and to consider them in generation planning of the units. The main objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid method which can be used to control and reduce the power fluctuations generated from large grid- connected PV systems. The proposed method focuses on using a suitable storage battery along with curtailment of the generated power by operating the PV system below the maximum power point (MPP) and deployment of a diesel generator. These methods are analyzed to investigate the impacts of implementing them on the economical benefits that the PV system owner could gain. To maximize the revenues, an optimization problem is solved

Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Autonomous Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid System

Distributed generation technology based on diesel generators often has been considered as a viable solution to providing power to remote areas, but the sky‐rocketing of diesel fuel price and the increasing cost of delivery to such remote sites have called for providing a sustainable solution that is environmentally friendly, economical, affordable, and easily accessible. To this end, the use of locally available energy resources is accepted as a sustainable solution in providing electricity for rural and remote settlements. The system cost of wind and solar energy systems is continuously decreasing because of the increase in the acceptance and deployment of the energy systems based on these renewable energy resources. A standalone hybrid AC/DC electric power system is designed, modeled, simulated, and optimized in HOMER Pro. HOMER is a Hybrid Optimization Model of Electric Renewable that enables the comparison of electric and thermal power production technologies across an extensive variety of applications. Both cycle‐charging and load‐following dispatched strategies are investigated. Plausible selected system components ratings are chosen for the simulation to ensure that there is enough search space for HOMER Pro to obtain an optimal system configuration. Net present cost (NPC) is used as an economic metric to assess the optimal configuration that is technically feasible

Optimal scheduled power flow for distributed photovoltaic/wind/diesel generators with battery storage system

Published ArticleIn this study, two control strategies involving ‘continuous’ and ‘ON/OFF’ operation of the diesel generator in the solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind-diesel-battery hybrid systems are modelled. The main purpose of these developed models is to minimise the hybrid system’s operation cost while finding the optimal power flow considering the intermittent solar and wind resources, the battery state of charge and the fluctuating load demand. The non-linearity of the load demand, the non-linearity of the diesel generator fuel consumption curve as well as the battery operation limits have been considered in the development of the models. The simulations have been performed using ‘fmincon’ for the continuous operation and ‘intlinprog’ for the ON/OFF operation strategy implemented in Matlab. These models have been applied to two test examples; the simulation results are analysed and compared with the case where the diesel generator is used alone to supply the given load demand. The results show that using the developed PV-diesel-battery optimal operation control models, significant fuel saving can be achieved compared with the case where the diesel is used alone to supply the same load requirements

Optimal frequency control in microgrid system using fractional order PID controller using Krill Herd algorithm

This paper investigates the use of fractional order Proportional, Integral and Derivative (FOPID) controllers for the frequency and power regulation in a microgrid power system. The proposed microgrid system composes of renewable energy resources such as solar and wind generators, diesel engine generators as a secondary source to support the principle generators, and along with different energy storage devices like fuel cell, battery and flywheel. Due to the intermittent nature of integrated renewable energy like wind turbine and photovoltaic generators, which depend on the weather conditions and climate change this affects the microgrid stability by considered fluctuation in frequency and power deviations which can be improved using the selected controller. The fractional-order controller has five parameters in comparison with the classical PID controller, and that makes it more flexible and robust against the microgrid perturbation. The Fractional Order PID controller parameters are optimized using a new optimization technique called Krill Herd which selected as a suitable optimization method in comparison with other techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization. The results show better performance of this system using the fractional order PID controller-based Krill Herd algorithm by eliminates the fluctuations in frequency and power deviation in comparison with the classical PID controller. The obtained results are compared with the fractional order PID controller optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed system is simulated under nominal conditions and using the disconnecting of storage devices like battery and Flywheel system in order to test the robustness of the proposed methods and the obtained results are compared.У статті досліджено використання регуляторів пропорційного, інтегрального та похідного дробового порядку (FOPID) для регулювання частоти та потужності в електромережі. Запропонована мікромережева система складається з поновлюваних джерел енергії, таких як сонячні та вітрогенератори, дизельних генераторів як вторинного джерела для підтримки основних генераторів, а також з різних пристроїв для накопичування енергії, таких як паливна батарея, акумулятор і маховик. Через переривчасту природу інтегрованої відновлювальної енергії, наприклад, вітрогенераторів та фотоелектричних генераторів, які залежать від погодних умов та зміни клімату, це впливає на стабільність мікромережі, враховуючи коливання частоти та відхилення потужності, які можна поліпшити за допомогою вибраного контролера. Контролер дробового порядку має п’ять параметрів порівняно з класичним PID-контролером, що робить його більш гнучким та надійним щодо збурень мікромережі. Параметри PID-контролера дробового порядку оптимізовані за допомогою нової методики оптимізації під назвою «зграя криля», яка обрана як підходящий метод оптимізації порівняно з іншими методами, такими як оптимізація методом рою частинок. Результати показують кращі показники роботи цієї системи за допомогою алгоритму «зграя криля», заснованого на PID-контролері дробового порядку, виключаючи коливання частоти та відхилення потужності порівняно з класичним PID-контролером. Отримані результати порівнюються з PID-контролером дробового порядку, оптимізованим за допомогою оптимізації методом рою частинок. Запропонована система моделюється в номінальному режимі роботи та використовує відключення накопичувальних пристроїв, таких як акумулятор та маховик, щоб перевірити надійність запропонованих методів та порівняти отримані результати

Operation cost minimization of photovoltaicedieselebattery hybrid systems

Published ArticleIn this paper, two control strategies involving “continuous” and “ON/OFF” operation of the diesel generator in the solar photovoltaicedieselebattery hybrid systems are modeled. The main purpose of these developed models is to minimize the hybrid system's operation cost while finding the optimal power flow considering the intermittent solar resource, the battery state of charge and the fluctuating load demand. The non-linearity of the load demand, the non-linearity of the diesel generator fuel consumption curve as well as the battery operation limits have been considered in the development of the models. The simulations have been performed using “fmincon” for the continuous operation and “intlinprog” for the ON/OFF operation strategy implemented in Matlab. These models have been applied to two test examples; the simulation results are analyzed and compared to the case where the diesel generator is used alone to supply the given load demand. The results show that using the developed photovoltaicedieselebattery optimal operation control models, significant fuel saving can be achieved compared to the case where the diesel is used alone to supply the same load requirements