Future Research Directions for Innovating Pedagogy

A series of reports on Innovating Pedagogy were launched in 2012 to look at the trends that show how practitioners may engage in innovation in pedagogy. This paper looks at the latest set of trends, and highlights four 2015 trends that seem particularly rich for researchers to explore in the next five years

Innovating Pedagogy 2015: Open University Innovation Report 4

This series of reports explores new forms of teaching, learning and assessment for an interactive world, to guide teachers and policy makers in productive innovation. This fourth report proposes ten innovations that are already in currency but have not yet had a profound influence on education. To produce it, a group of academics at the Institute of Educational Technology in The Open University collaborated with researchers from the Center for Technology in Learning at SRI International. We proposed a long list of new educational terms, theories, and practices. We then pared these down to ten that have the potential to provoke major shifts in educational practice, particularly in post-school education. Lastly, we drew on published and unpublished writings to compile the ten sketches of new pedagogies that might transform education. These are summarised below in an approximate order of immediacy and timescale to widespread implementation

Enabling peer-to-peer collaboration within online learning environments and virtual laboratories.

This literature review will provide a foundation for future research into the emerging cloud campus within The University of Glasgow. I have previously described the cloud campus concept as a working definition, used to describe the node between located (face-to-face) learning and virtual learning through the use of digital technologies (Dunn, 2016:29). There have been similar constructs established by other academics in the past (Knowles, 1984; Kopp and Hill, 2008; Urban-Woldron, 2013). These constructs tend to be based on recognised theories of learning; for example, connectivism (Siemens, 2005) and the time-tested epistemological frameworks described by Piaget (1963) and Vygotsky (1978) through cognitivism and constructivism (including social- constructivism). This review will provide a synthesis of key papers and it will argue the case for peer-to-peer collaboration within virtual spaces. Specifically, it will argue for the use of technology to support such collaboration within online virtual learning environments and within physical learning spaces as newly defined ‘virtual laboratories’. The paper will present the arguments by illustrating the opportunities and challenges within teacher agency and in physical space design

Models for online, open, flexible and technology enhanced higher education across the globe – a comparative analysis

Digital technology has become near ubiquitous in many countries today or is on a path to reach this state in the near future. Across the globe the share of internet users, for instance, has jumped in the last ten years. In Europe most countries have a share of internet users near to or above 90% in 2016 (last year available for international comparisons), in China the current share is 53%, but this has grown from just 16% in 2007, even in Ethiopia the share has grown from 0.4% to 15.4% in the same period (data from ITU). At the same time expectations of widespread adoption of digital solutions in higher education have been rising. In 2017 the New Media Consortium’s Horizon Report predicted that adaptive learning would take less than a year to be widely adopted (Adams Becker et al., 2017). And projects such as ‘Virtually Inspired’ are showcasing creative examples of how new technologies are already being harnessed to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Furthermore, discussion of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals emphasise the key potentials that digital technology holds for achieving the goals for education in 2030 (UNESCO, 2017). These developments lead university and college leadership to the question of how they should position their institution. What type of digitalisation initiatives can be found practice beyond best practices and future potentials? This is the question that this study attempts to answer. It sets out to analyse how higher education providers from across the world are harnessing digitalisation to improve teaching and learning and learner support and to identify emerging types of practice. For this, it focuses on the dimensions of flexibility of provision (in terms of time, place and pace) and openness of provision (in terms of who has access to learning and support and who is involved in the design of learning provision), as both of these dimensions can significantly benefit from integration of digital solutions. The method of information collation used by the study was a global survey of higher education institutions (HEIs) covering all world continents, more than thirty countries and 69 cases. The survey found that nearly three-quarters of all HEIs have at least one strategic focus and typologies were developed based on this analysis to group HEIs with similar strategic focuses. Overall, the findings suggest that most higher education providers are just at the beginning of developing comprehensive strategies for harnessing digitalisation. For this reason, the authors of this study believe that providers can benefit from the outcomes of this study’s research, as it can be used by university and college leadership for benchmarking similarities and differences and for cooperative peer learning between institutions. The database of cases and the guidelines for reviewing current strategies, which accompany this study, aim to facilitate this learning and evaluation process

Report on the Evaluation of EVS Usage and Trends at the University of Hertfordshire : February to June 2014

The Electronic Voting Systems (EVS) evaluation project for iTEAM has investigated the current level of engagement in the use of EVS across the institution in 2014. It has built on the work and outputs of the JISC supported Evaluating Electronic Voting Systems (EEVS) project in 2011-12 and the work of the iTEAM project through 2011-2013. It offers an up-to-date examination of the trends in EVS adoption and the breadth and nature of EVS use across the different academic schools. The project adopted a mixed-methods approach to evaluate usage and engagement. The starting point was a desk study to examine the existing data on numbers of EVS handsets purchased by academic schools in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and registered across the University and to explore the details from the School reports previously submitted to iTEAM. Sources of data included Information Hertfordshire and the iTEAM archive. Quantitative surveys were drawn up and information requests for student numbers were made to Senior Administrative Managers (SAM). A series of interviews were held with School-based academics including EVS Champions and Associate Deans for Learning and Teaching. Three purchasing trends for EVS handsets by different Schools were found:- slow decrease in HUM, LAW and PAM, moderate increase in BS, EDU and HSK and rapid increase in CS, ET and LMS. In terms of levels of EVS usage in 2013 -14 four different patterns emerged among the schools. These showed: slow increase (CS, LMS and PAM), slow decrease (BS, ET, EDU and HUM), rapid decrease (LAW) and no change (CA and HSK). The EVS purchasing and usage trends comply with the figures given by Rogers for his technology adoption model. Some schools are characterised by successful ongoing EVS use over several years while other school strategies for EVS, which had showed promise early on, have faltered in their use. There was some evidence that academics in STEMM subjects are more likely to engage willingly with EVS use where larger groups are taught, but this is not yet in evidence across all the STEMM groups at this university. Furthermore good practice exists and flourishes across non-STEMM subjects as well. The strategies for successful School-based EVS embedding and continued use include the following three hallmarks:- •Top-down management support for purchasing of handsets and including training for academics and administrators, and alignment with the School teaching and learning strategy. •The existence of a core of innovators and early adopters of technology including the local EVS champions, who are willing to actively engage with their fellow colleagues in sharing the potential of EVS technology. •An engagement with the pedagogical implications for changing and developing practice that the greater use of formative or summative polling and questioning requires. The immediate future of classroom technologies such as EVS offers two main directions. Firstly, there is the continuation of adopting ‘institutionally provided’ handheld devices. This is a low-cost method that can be used easily and flexibly. The other options for classroom polling rely on sufficient wifi availability in the teaching rooms and/or mobile phone signal strength/network availability and capacity. It is anticipated that the capacity issue will present fewer barriers for adoption in future, and that the future of the classroom response systems is inevitably linked to the widespread use of mobile technologies by students

21st-century scholarship and Wikipedia

Wikipedia, the world’s fifth most-used Web site, is a good illustration of the growing credibility of online resources. In his article in Ariadne earlier this year, “Wikipedia: Reflections on Use and Academic Acceptance”, Brian Whalley described the debates around accuracy and review, in the context of geology. He concluded that ‘If Wikipedia is the first port of call, as it already seems to be, for information requirement traffic, then there is a commitment to build on Open Educational Resources (OERs) of various kinds and improve their quality.’ In a similar approach to the Geological Society event that Whalley describes, Sarah Fahmy of JISC worked with Wikimedia and the British Library on a World War One (WWI) Editathon. There is a rich discourse about the way that academics relate to Wikipedia

Innovative Pedagogies of the Future: An Evidence-Based Selection

There is a widespread notion that educational systems should empower learners with skills and competences to cope with a constantly changing landscape. Reference is often made to skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, collaborative skills, innovation, digital literacy, and adaptability. What is negotiable is how best to achieve the development of those skills, in particular which teaching and learning approaches are suitable for facilitating or enabling complex skills development. In this paper, we build on our previous work of exploring new forms of pedagogy for an interactive world, as documented in our Innovating Pedagogy report series. We present a set of innovative pedagogical approaches that have the potential to guide teaching and transform learning. An integrated framework has been developed to select pedagogies for inclusion in this paper, consisting of the following five dimensions: (a) relevance to effective educational theories, (b) research evidence about the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogies, (c) relation to the development of twenty-first century skills, (d) innovative aspects of pedagogy, and (e) level of adoption in educational practice. The selected pedagogies, namely formative analytics, teachback, place-based learning, learning with drones, learning with robots, and citizen inquiry are either attached to specific technological developments, or they have emerged due to an advanced understanding of the science of learning. Each one is presented in terms of the five dimensions of the framework

Styling the Future. A philosophical account of scenarios & design

Since the end of the 1980s – the Decade of Style (Mort, 1996) – the value of style in design has fallen. Recent times (Whicher et al., 2015) see a focus on style as a sign of design’s immaturity, while a more mature design should be attending to process, strategy and policy creation. Design Thinking has been enjoying its success in the same spirit, where it is championed (Brown, 2008; Martin, 2009; Neumeier, 2009) as a way of taking design away from its early stage as ‘mere’ styling, towards the more thoughtful, serious matters of business. The philosopher Gilles Deleuze is of a different mind however. ‘Style,’ he writes (1995, p.31), ‘amounts to innovation.’ For us this engages not only a rethinking of design practice in particular, but also a reconsideration of the guiding principles of scenario planning. Deleuze’s thought entails the opportunity for styling to be an act that participates in driving all creativity towards making a successful future impact (Flynn & Chatman, 2004; Cox, 2005). A philosophical disruption of current design and scenarios orthodoxies offers a way of considering that style has a key role in the production of the future. Here, then, we will investigate the creative, even innovative, opportunities that emerge from a reworking of the value of style that comes from a critique of Design Thinking, a perspective on future-thinking (especially scenario planning (e.g. Schwartz, 1991; Li, 2014; Ramírez & Selin, 2014), but also some work from organisation and management studies (e.g. Tsoukas, 2005a, 2005b)), and an encounter with philosophy (particularly the work of Deleuze & Guattari (1984, 1987, 1994). We will highlight the affective capacities of style – in design and scenarios, both as creative constructing of futures – by way of creatively accessing uncertainty, complexity and indeterminacy in the production of strategic maps for living (both individuals and organisations)