Translation planes of order 23^2

We give a complete classication of translation planes of order 23^2 whose translation complement contains a subgroup G such that the quotient group G modulo scalars is isomorphic to A_6. Up to isomorphisms, there are exactly 23 such planes and six of them have a larger translation complement being modulo scalars isomorphic to S_6

Knots, Trees, and Fields: Common Ground Between Physics and Mathematics

One main theme of this thesis is a connection between mathematical physics (in particular, the three-dimensional topological quantum field theory known as Chern-Simons theory) and three-dimensional topology. This connection arises because the partition function of Chern-Simons theory provides an invariant of three-manifolds, and the Wilson-loop observables in the theory define invariants of knots. In the first chapter, we review this connection, as well as more recent work that studies the classical limit of quantum Chern-Simons theory, leading to relations to another knot invariant known as the A-polynomial. (Roughly speaking, this invariant can be thought of as the moduli space of flat SL(2,C) connections on the knot complement.) In fact, the connection can be deepened: through an embedding into string theory, categorifications of polynomial knot invariants can be understood as spaces of BPS states. We go on to study these homological knot invariants, and interpret spectral sequences that relate them to one another in terms of perturbations of supersymmetric theories. Our point is more general than the application to knots; in general, when one perturbs any modulus of a supersymmetric theory and breaks a symmetry, one should expect a spectral sequence to relate the BPS states of the unperturbed and perturbed theories. We consider several diverse instances of this general lesson. In another chapter, we consider connections between supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the de Rham version of homotopy theory developed by Sullivan; this leads to a new interpretation of Sullivan's minimal models, and of Massey products as vacuum states which are entangled between different degrees of freedom in these models. We then turn to consider a discrete model of holography: a Gaussian lattice model defined on an infinite tree of uniform valence. Despite being discrete, the matching of bulk isometries and boundary conformal symmetries takes place as usual; the relevant group is PGL(2,Qp), and all of the formulas developed for holography in the context of scalar fields on fixed backgrounds have natural analogues in this setting. The key observation underlying this generalization is that the geometry underlying AdS3/CFT2 can be understood algebraically, and the base field can therefore be changed while maintaining much of the structure. Finally, we give some analysis of A-polynomials under change of base (to finite fields), bringing things full circle.</p

Annual research briefs, 1993

The 1993 annual progress reports of the Research Fellow and students of the Center for Turbulence Research are included. The first group of reports are directed towards the theory and application of active control in turbulent flows including the development of a systematic mathematical procedure based on the Navier Stokes equations for flow control. The second group of reports are concerned with the prediction of turbulent flows. The remaining articles are devoted to turbulent reacting flows, turbulence physics, experiments, and simulations

Arabic-English translational crossover viewed from a linguistic/cultural perspective: with special reference to the major principles involved in translating the metaphorical language of the Quran

This work deals with Arabic -English translational crossover viewed from a Linguistic /Cultural perspective, with special reference to the major principles involved in translating the metaphorical language of the Quran. It provides an analytical critique of the some selected English translations of the Original Quran. This research tries to demonstrate (1) whether the cultural convergence of English and Arabic, due to globalization, is leading, over time, to any further linguistic intermingling. This type of analysis is based chronologically on temporal constraints and, as a consequence, on whether they negatively or positively influence the quality of the final product of the translated text, and (2) whether the cultural backgrounds of translators, in terms of their native languages, religion and place of origin/residence have any influence on the quality of their translational works.Apart from the introduction and the conclusion, this study consists of seven other chapters. The first chapter is an introductory one, devoted to some controversial translational debates. It builds up a theoretical base, by reviewing thematically the available literature upon which translational strategies are established in order to clear the ground for the following chapters. It reviews the most relevant existing works, from the perspective of this study's topic, to highlight the gap that this work aims to fill.The second chapter discusses the differences between the two cultures concerned and the translation of the main features of culture. This chapter concentrates on cultural factors from an Arabic /English translational perspective, i.e. their impact on the rendition of cultural features such as the ecological, religious, social, political, and material aspects.Chapter three is concerned with the literal linguistic differences. More specifically, literal language will be looked at on a grammatical basis. Thus grammatical gaps between Arabic and English such as word order, number, gender and negation will be focused on.The fourth chapter will cover the figurative level of linguistic differences, as it is more cultural based. It will view the most important traditional tropes but will concentrate on the figures of speech that are most commonly used in the Quran and those that are stylistically useful and effective.Being the main focus of this study as well as due to its importance among other figurers of speech, metaphor will be dealt with separately in chapter five. It adopts the same approach in covering the figurative nature of metaphors.The analysis of chapter seven will be linguistically based on text patterns by examining and tracing chronologically the figurative language of the Quran through metaphorical discourse and to find out whether cultural convergence through temporal constraints has an effect on the way translators treat the Quran.Chapter eight focuses culturally on the profiles and cultural backgrounds of the translators of the Quran and their intentions in terms of whether they see the Quran as the word of God or whether they deal with it as a literary text and how this is reflected in their treatment of its metaphoric language

Franco-Iraqi relations and Fifth Republic foreign policy, 1958-1990

This study analyses the evolution of France's relations with Iraq since 1958. It seeks to understand the motivations behind French government, state and private sector interests in Iraq. This is done in the dual context of France's economic rivalry with other western powers in the Middle East, and the Iraqi state's attempts to follow an independent foreign policy while using its oil revenues to rapidly industrialise and arm itself. The text first charts France's rivalry with Britain in the ex-Ottoman empire and its fears of Anglo-American domination of oil supplies. It then demonstrates that while France's early links with Israel continued under President De Gaulle, by the mid sixties they had been eclipsed by the commercial importance of trade with Arab states. The core text then focuses on France's relationship with Iraq since 1958, the year in which new governments came to power in both states. Despite the 1972 nationalisation of the Iraq Petroleum company, in which France had a 25% stake, French politicians and businessmen nevertheless gained favourable access to oil supplies, greatly increasing their exports of defence and high technology products, including a nuclear reactor, to Iraq during the seventies. The Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) intensified both bilateral trade links and the indebtedness of Iraq to France. By the mid-eighties what become a de-facto alliance generated severe problems for France's middle eastern policies, particularly towards Iran. The central themes of the study are the processes of foreign policy formation in France, and the extent and impact of economic interests underlying policy making. The thesis argues that substantial state ownership in France's oil, defence and aeronautical industries, coupled with the common interests and interpretations of a relatively homogeneous and interconnected corps of businessmen, politicians and civil servants, helps explain the continuity of French policy in the region. This is seen to be true despite the change of government (from Gaullist to Socialist) in France in May 1981

New Directions for Contact Integrators

Contact integrators are a family of geometric numerical schemes which guarantee the conservation of the contact structure. In this work we review the construction of both the variational and Hamiltonian versions of these methods. We illustrate some of the advantages of geometric integration in the dissipative setting by focusing on models inspired by recent studies in celestial mechanics and cosmology.Comment: To appear as Chapter 24 in GSI 2021, Springer LNCS 1282

Department of the Interior. Monographs of the United States Geological Survey.

Monographs of the U.S. Geological Survey . (no date) HMD 397,49-1, v27, 770p. [2433] Volume 12; mining in Colorado: area often warred over by the Arapahoes and Utes