A Network-Based Design Synthesis of Distributed Ship Services Systems for a Non Nuclear Powered Submarine in Early Stage Design

Even though the early-stage design of a complex vessel is where the important decisions are made, the synthesis of the distributed ship service systems (DS3) often relies on “past practice” and simple vessel displacement based weight algorithms. Such an approach inhibits the ability of the concept designer to consider the impact of different DS3 options. It also reduces the ability to undertake Requirements Elucidation, especially regarding the DS3. Given the vital role the many DS3 provide to a submarine, this research considers whether there is a better way to synthesise DS3 without resorting to the detailed design of the distributed systems, which is usually inappropriate at the exploratory stages of design. The research proposes a new approach, termed the Network Block Approach (NBA), combining the advantages of the 3D physical based synthesis UCL Design Building Block (DBB) approach with the Virgina Tech Architectural Flow Optimisation (AFO) method, when applied to submarine DS3 design. Utilising a set of novel frameworks and the Paramarine CASD tool, the proposed approach also enabled the development of the submarine concept design at different levels of granularities, ranging from modelling individual spaces to various DS3 components and routings. The proposed approach also allowed the designer to balance the energy demands of various distributed systems, performing a steady-state flow simulation, and visualising the complexity of the submarine DS3 in a 3D multiplex network configuration. Such 3D based physical and network syntheses provide potential benefits in early-stage submarine DS3 design. The overall aim of proposing and demonstrating a novel integrated DS3 synthesis approach applicable to concept naval submarine design was achieved, although several issues and limitations emerged during both the development and the implementation of the approach. Through identification of the research limitations, areas for future work aimed at improving the proposal have been outlined

Submarine cargo vessels : opportunities for future transport : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Professional Studies at Lincoln University

The strategic importance of submarines from a defence perspective is generally well understood by the public and notwithstanding the secrecy surrounding their activities, they have featured in numerous newspaper articles, magazines and books. In August 1958, the world's first nuclear powered submarine Nautilus traversed the North Pole under the Arctic ice. Just seven months later, the Skate surfaced precisely at the North Pole. These remarkable achievements brought dramatically into focus the new-found capability of submarines powered by marine nuclear reactors, and for the first time, translated the autonomous submarine of Jules Verne's science fiction, into science fact. What is not well known or understood is the use of underwater vessels to carry cargo either in a strategic military role, or in a purely commercial one. To that end, a number of proposals, business cases, and studies have been conducted over the years claiming the economic and strategic benefits of using submarines for that purpose. In order to put this question into context, maritime shipping in its simplest form consists of transporting goods and services from A to B by the most economical route at the least possible cost. Therefore, any measures that would produce either a feasible route, a shorter route, or a more cost-effective route are all worthy of study. In the last two decades, energy savings in the maritime transport sector both from an economic and an environmental point of view have become more apparent and have taken on greater significance. In terms of energy efficiency, true submarines for example can take advantage of routes which are not available to surface vessels, such as below the Arctic icecap. It is conservatively estimated, that such a route could reduce the passage time between Japan and Europe by more than twelve days. Also, submarines could feasibly be used on routes in the Baltic and parts of the Black Sea, North Russia and Alaska and other areas that are perennially ice-bound. This dissertation provides a general historical outline of this aspect of submarine use for carrying cargo and looks critically at this mode of transport in contrast to conventional surface vessels

A design tool for the evaluation of atmosophere independent propulsion in submarines

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145).by Grant B. Thornton.M.S

A conceptual design of a propulsion system for an autonomous underwater vehicle

The need for developing propulsion systems to support missions of increased endurance for autonomous underwater vehicles is investigated and a conceptual system is proposed, based on currently available technology and desired system characteristics. The investigation evaluates and ranks alternative energy sources and proposes the use of a closed Brayton cycle gas turbine power plant using a chemical energy heat source with a metallic fuel. A thruster system using electric propulsion motors and screw propellers is selected. Evaluation factors include reliability, depth independent operation, weight, endurance, quietness and efficiency. Reliability of the proposed system is analyzed and the design modified to meet proposed reliability requirements. A knowledge-based system is developed to manage the operation of the propulsion plant in an autonomous manner. A simulation system is developed using Common Lisp and the operation of the propulsion plant and its knowledge-based management system are evaluated using the simulator

Analisa Sistem Propulsi Elektrik Hybrid Tenaga Surya Dan Generator Pada Perancangan Kapal Wisata Di Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara

Kepulauan Karimunjawa memiliki banyak pulau indah dan spot terumbu karang eksotis yang menjadikannya sebagai tujuan wisata bahari utama untuk turis domestik maupun asing. Dengan semangat untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisata ke Karimunjawa dan semangat energi terbarukan, maka pada Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan perancangan kapal wisata yang memiliki sistem propulsi hybrid dengan memadukan panel surya dan generator sebagai penyuplai daya. Proses perancangan kapal wisata ini diawali dengan penentuan design requirement yang mengacu pada jumlah wisatawan dan kondisi perairan Karimunjawa. Setelah itu, dilakukan perhitungan teknis yang meliputi perhitungan hambatan kapal, kebutuhan daya kapal, stabilitas, pembuatan rencana garis, rencana umum dan bangunan tiga dimensi kapal. Dari Tugas Akhir ini didapatkan rancangan kapal wisata dengan dimensi panjang kapal 22 m, lebar kapal 5,7 m dan sarat kapal 1,2 m yang memiliki kapasitas penumpang 23 orang meliputi 20 wisatawan, 2 kru kapal dan 1 pemandu wisata. Kapal wisata yang dirancang memiliki kecepatan maksimal 7 knots dan kecepatanan dinas 6 knots. Pada sistem penyuplai daya listriknya, kapal ini dilengkapi dengan 1 generator kapasitas 50 kw, 40 buah panel surya, 4 buah solar charger controller dan 8 buah baterai. =============================================================================================== Karimun Islands have many beautiful islands and coral reef exotic spots which makes it as main of maritime tourism destination for domestic and foreign tourists. With a passion to increase the tourist visits to Karimunjawa Islands and spirits of using renewable energy, so in this final project will be designed the tourism boat which has a hybrid propulsion system with a combination of solar panels and a generator as power supply. This tourist ship design process will begin with determining the design requirements that refers to the number of tourists and water conditions of Karimunjawa Islands. The next step is doing technical calculation which include resistance of ship calculation, the ship power requirements, stability, lines plan, general plan and three-dimensional building ship. From this final project will be obtained tourism boat design with dimensions of length of the vessel of 22 m, the vessel width of 5.7 m and draft of 1.2 m that has a passenger capacity of 23 people includes 20 tourists, 2 crews and a tour guide. This boat is provided with 7 knots for maximum velocity and 6 knots for service velocity. The power supply of this boat is provided by a 50 kW for generator, 40 solar panel, 4 solar charger controller and 8 batteries

New Perspectives on Electric Vehicles

Modern transportation systems have adverse effects on the climate, emitting greenhouse gases and polluting the air. As such, new modes of non-polluting transportation, including electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, are a major focus of current research and development. This book explores the future of transportation. It is divided into four sections: “Electric Vehicles Infrastructures,” “Architectures of the Electric Vehicles,” “Technologies of the Electric Vehicles,” and “Propulsion Systems.” The chapter authors share their research experience regarding the main barriers in electric vehicle implementation, their thoughts on electric vehicle modelling and control, and network communication challenges

Design considerations for engineering autonomous underwater vehicles

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2007Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have been established as a viable tool for Oceanographic Sciences. Being untethered and independent, AUVs fill the gap in Ocean Exploration left by the existing manned submersible and remotely operated vehicles (ROV) technology. AUVs are attractive as cheaper and efficient alternatives to the older technologies and are breaking new ground in many applications. Designing an autonomous vehicle to work in the harsh environment of the deep ocean comes with its set of challenges. This paper discusses how the current engineering technologies can be adapted to the design of AUVs. Recently, as the AUV technology has matured, we see AUVs being used in a variety of applications ranging from sub-surface sensing to sea-floor mapping. The design of the AUV, with its tight constraints, is very sensitive to the target application. Keeping this in mind, the goal of this thesis is to understand how some of the major issues affect the design of the AUV. This paper also addresses the mechanical and materials issues, power system design, computer architecture, navigation and communication systems, sensor considerations and long term docking aspects that affect AUV design. With time, as the engineering sciences progress, the AUV design will have to change in order to optimize its performance. Thus, the fundamental issues discussed in this paper can assist in meeting the challenge of maintaining AUV design on par with modern technology.This work was funded by the NSF Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems (CenSSIS) Engineering Research Center (ENC) grant no. EEC-99868321

The History of H-Class Submarines and Archaeology of the Submarine USS H-1 (Ex Seawolf) (1913-1920)

The 1864 sinking of the USS Housatonic by the Confederate submersible H. L. Hunley, during America’s Civil War, accelerated the race to develop a mechanically powered submarine capable of sinking enemy shipping. The development of internal combustion engines, improvement in electric motors and storage batteries, and invention of the locomotive torpedo, coupled with enhancement of submersible designs, changed the face of naval warfare. Iterative improvements in submarine designs and associated technologies enabled the transformation of submarine warfare from its original mission of blockade breaking, through coastal defense and denial of freedom of the sea, to its modern role of strategic power projection. The United States Navy purchased its first ‘modern’ submarine in 1900, and over the next 11 years several different classes of American submarines were developed, with expanding size, range, and lethality. Each of these classes exhibit designers’ attempts, some more successful than others, to improve the vessel. The overall success of a class of boats can be measured by the number of vessels produced, by the number of countries which built and operated them, and by the length of time that they remained in service. Of these early submarines, the H-Class boats and their simple yet effective design stands out. Early development of American submarines was costly; more submariners died and more submarines were lost in the years leading up to the First World War than were lost in combat during that war. Submariners lived in conditions best described as hazardous squalor. When running on the surface, the boat was often filled with gasoline vapor and exhaust fumes; fires, explosions, and carbon monoxide poisoning were common. Submerged, the boat was cold and dank, and the air quickly became low in oxygen and saturated with carbon dioxide. Men slept on cold steel decks, ate poorly, and used buckets for toilets. Understandably many of the improvements in submarine design came from the men that operated them. This dissertation places manned submersibles in historical context and presents a summary of the technological advances in submarine design and construction leading to the development of the H-Class submarine; presents the historical and archaeological record of USS H1; and draws conclusions regarding the H-Class submarines’ contribution to development of undersea warfare

Diseño de la planta propulsora de un buque oceanográfico

El objetivo del TFC es proyectar la planta propulsora de un buque oceanográfico. También se proyectarán los sistemas auxiliares a la propulsión tales como sistema de combustible, sistema de arranque por aire comprimido, sistema de refrigeración y sistema de ventilación en cámara de máquinas. Para ello será necesaria la determinación de las dimensiones principales del buque a partir de unas especificaciones y restricciones dadas por el armador, el cálculo de resistencia al avance, dimensionamiento y compartimentado de la cámara de máquinas, disposición de tanques y balance eléctrico del buque. Su interés reside en la particularidad de estos buques, el sistema propulsivo debe estar diseñado para diversas condiciones de navegación y en condiciones climáticas muy adversas. Por tanto, el problema abordado es encontrar el sistema propulsivo lo más fiable y polivalente posible

Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 38

This bibliography lists 1367 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from April 1, 1983 through June 30, 1983