126 research outputs found

    An XML DTD for Project Gutenberg

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    Project Gutenberg is an electronic collection of documents and literature, the majority of which exist in ASCII format. While the ASCII format has been an almost universally accessible format since the Project started in 1971, the possibilities and advantages of marking up the texts with the Extensible Markup Language (XML) are compelling. Related efforts are detailed and analyzed for viability with the Gutenberg texts. This project presents a direction for the future of this effort and a DTD suitable for the collection. The prepared DTD provides the schema against which 5 test documents are marked up with XML. A tutorial based on my experiences marking up the text and an index of the available elements are included

    Where does the Decameron begin? Editorial practice and tables of rubrics

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    Opening the Book of Marwood: English Catholics and Their Bibles in Early Modern Europe

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    In Reformation studies, the printed Bible has long been regarded as an agent of change. This dissertation interrogates the conditions in which it did not Reform its readers. As recent scholarship has emphasized how Protestant doctrine penetrated culture through alternative media, such as preaching and printed ephemera, the revolutionary role of the scripture-book has become more ambiguous. Historians of reading, nevertheless, continue to focus upon radical, prophetic, and otherwise eccentric modes of interaction with the vernacular Bible, reinforcing the traditional notion that the conversion of revelation to print had a single historical trajectory and that an adversarial relationship between textual and institutional authority was logically necessary. To understand why printed bibles themselves more often did not generate unrest, this study investigates the evidence left by a subset of Bible readers who remained almost entirely unstudied -- that is, early modern Catholics. To the conflict-rich evidence of ecclesiastical prohibitions, court records, and martyrologies often employed in top down narratives of the Counter-Reformation, this project introduces the alternative sources of used books and reading licenses. What these records reveal is that Catholic lay readers were not habituated to automate critical reading practices in the presence of biblical texts; what they demanded from ecclesiastical authorities and publishers instead were books that could provide them with access to their church\u27s sacred rituals and to its public expression of exegesis. The liturgical context of appropriation apparent in these Catholic books became visible in their evangelical counterparts enabling a cross-confessional history of sacred reading. This broader story is situated within the annotated Bible of one Catholic reader, Thomas Marwood (d.1718). The components of his book expose his overlapping reading communities and the disparate social and institutional contexts that structured them. Contextualizing each part illuminates the extent to which the conditions and traditions for reading the scriptures were shared across confessions and contested within them. This dissertation recovers a place for Bibles and their readers not only within early modern Catholicism, but within the Reformation era generally

    Reviews

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    Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740: Their Structure and Development

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    164 p.Modern lexicography originated during the Renaissance, with the revival of learning that spread throughout Europe. The revival of learning stimulated the compilation of grammars and dictionaries which, thanks to printing, were more easily available and circulated among travelers and merchants, reaching larger audiences. Interest in the study of vernacular languages also increased and promoted the compilation of word lists in modern languages. Spanish and English bilingual lexicography, in particular, is an important chapter in the history of the teaching of Spanish in Tudor England. This historical and comparative study is based on twelve dictionaries and twenty-two editions published in London between 1554 and 1740. The general question that this study tries to answer is this: what can the structure of the early alphabetical and topical Spanish and English dictionaries and their outside matter texts tell us about the principles of compilation lexicographers followed and about the purpose of their works? The investigation led, first, to a structural typology of books showing how the overall organization of topical dictionaries changed only slightly, while the relative position of grammars and alphabetical dictionaries was reversed. Together with grammars, lexicographical products serve a pedagogical function, but not every author follows the same pedagogical approach. These approaches find expression in the way a particular author organizes the component parts of his work. Second, subjects discussed are metalexicographical, metalinguistic or extralinguistic. Of these three types, the first one is the most common in both alphabetical and topical lexicographical products. Finally, an updated panorama of early Spanish and English bilingual lexicography is presented, one that, for the first time, includes both alphabetical and topical compilations and their interrelationships.Monográfico de Hermēneus: Revista de la Facultad de Traducción e Interpretación de Sori

    Finding Vegan Poetics: Literature For Nonhumans As An Ecofeminist Response To Carnism

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    This thesis is my journey to finding and defining vegan poetics, a term I employ to define poetry that exhibits a vegan perspective through witnessing the mass slaughter of nonhuman animals and exposing the connection between the factory farming industry and climate change. As an example of vegan poetics, I present Gabriel Gudding’s 2015 poetry collection Literature for Nonhumans as exhibiting a fusion of vegan ideology and poetic technique. To analyze Gudding’s text, this thesis employs ecofeminist theory along with scholarship from the developing field of vegan studies to foster a discourse on what it means to write poetry in opposition to “carnism,” a term referring to the culture surrounding meat-eating. In short, Literature for Nonhumans provides entrance into the institution of the slaughterhouse and, in turn, introduces a comprehensive vegan worldview through the genre of poetry

    A critical review of a 21st-century Yoruba-English dictionary

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    Traballo Fin de Master Erasmus Mundus en Lexicografía. Curso 2022-2023Since the publication of the first dictionary of the Yoruba language, A Dictionary of Yoruba in 1843, a handful of other dictionaries have appeared with varying degrees of commercial success. One of them is the Yoruba Modern Practical Dictionary (YMPD) by Kayode J. Fakinlede, which was first published in 2003. It takes pride in its comprehensiveness, claiming to contain over 26,000 dictionary articles and extensive outer texts that cover scientific measurements and rudimentary mathematical terminology. This thesis reviews this widely acclaimed dictionary in an attempt to evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, unique features and its position in relation to earlier Yoruba dictionaries from the 19th and 20th centuries. In doing this, this thesis draws inspiration from the criteria for dictionary criticism proposed by Svensen (2009) and Hütsch (2017), as well as other relevant scholarly contributions to dictionary criticism. There is a shortage of academic reviews of Yoruba dictionaries. While David Olmsted’s (1959) and Robert G. Armstrong’s (1959) reviews of the Dictionary of Modern Yoruba (1958), as well as E. C. Rowlands’ (1971) review of A Dictionary of Yoruba Monosyllabic Verbs (1969) stand out, they are brief, typically not longer than three pages and focused on isolated areas of criticism. Fagborun (1992) albeit belatedly takes a more holistic approach to review the Dictionary of Modern Yoruba (1958). Furthermore, Adetoyese (2020) also reviews two pioneering Yoruba dictionaries, namely, A Dictionary of the Yoruba Language (1913) and Dictionary of Modern Yoruba (1958) - both from the 20th century respectively. Thus, it appears that in spite of the general shortage of academic reviews of Yoruba dictionaries, there seems to be a common tendency among reviewers to opt for reviewing the Dictionary of Modern Yoruba (1958), while neglecting other dictionaries. However, Adetoyese reviews the aforementioned in light of their roles and influence as pioneering dictionaries in their epochs. This motivates the author of this thesis to examine a Yoruba dictionary which, firstly is an influential work, secondly, belongs to a different period, and thirdly, also suffers from the lack of substantial academic review. Thus, the YPMD (2003) is reviewed in this thesis in terms of its contents and features and as a Yoruba dictionary for 21st-century users. In order to provide ample background knowledge on the object of this thesis, the opening chapter reflects on the Yoruba language and Yoruba lexicography. The second chapter introduces the dictionary in focus, the YPMD. The third chapter reviews the existing literature on dictionary criticism and highlights the methods of dictionary criticism to be used in the thesis. The fourth chapter criticises the lexicographical aspects of the YPMD, namely macrostructure, microstructure, mediostructure, frame structure and typographical presentation. The fifth chapter gives an overall assessment of the dictionary and some recommendations for possible revision and improvement, while the sixth chapter concludes the thesis
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