From the boundaries of management to the management of boundaries: business processes, capabilities and negotiations

Purpose – This paper examines some of the new capabilities that are required for the facilitation of business processes management (BPM) in the current political and technological landscape. Specifically, the goal is to investigate the role of firm boundaries, from a business processes perspective, in new contexts in which the affirmation of digitalization requires more integration across a complex network of partners. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a review of relevant literature on BPM, firm boundaries and negotiation. By critically integrating this literature, a framework is developed with the objective of supporting the management of boundaries. Findings – BPM, new competitive contexts, and the technological landscape require the development and management of boundary capabilities. Among these capabilities, “boundary management” – how managers coordinate resources, activities and business processes on the boundaries of the firm - should play a key role. Moreover, as managers must continuously interact with multiple partners in digital supply chains, the organizational model of negotiation serves as a means of effectively managing firm boundaries. Practical implications – Our framework offers insights and guidelines that can help practitioners manage the boundaries of business processes. We encourage a focus on business processes occurring at firm boundaries. Furthermore, we encourage the development of new capabilities in response to the needs of practitioners to ensure best practices of negotiation. Originality/value – This study shifts the emphasis of BPM from the boundaries of management to the management of boundaries. By shedding light on new capabilities required, this paper enriches the BPM literature and can assist, on the one hand, in reconfiguring business processes in the new political and technological landscape and, on the other hand, in facilitating effective negotiation

Farming across the years: temporal and spatial dimensions of learning organic farming

In organic farming, it is generally accepted that a long-term perspective spanning across the years is necessary for the sustainability of organic field management. This paper analyzes the crossing over of annual boundaries during an organic inspection in an attempt to show how the long-term perspective is learnt in the practical organic vegetable farming. Within the speech turns that refer across the years, two main topics emerged. The first is the nutrient management, which was connected with plant growth and environmental regulations. The second is the sequence of crop rotation, appearing both as a list, detached from the fields, and as a temporal process of the fields. A weed problem, caused by couch grass, was repeatedly referred to by the farmer. It was not addressed at all from the several years’ perspective. The results suggest that the nutrient issue within the administrative rules heavily impacts on organic farming. This leaves other important issues concerning production, such as the longterm weed management, with little emphasis. Reasons for this are discussed in the context of the sustainability of environment and production. Crossing over temporal boundaries is linked with many other boundaries

Converging technologies and de-perimeterisation: towards risky active insulation

In converging technologies (Roco and Bainbridge, 2003), boundaries between previously separated technologies become permeable. A similar process is also taking place within information technology. In what is called de-perimeterisation (Jericho Forum, 2005), the boundaries of the information infrastructures of organisations dissolve. Where previously a firewall was used to separate the untrusted outside from the trusted inside, outsourcing of information management and mobility of employees make it impossible to rely on such a clearly located security perimeter. In this paper, we ask the question to what extent these developments represent a similar underlying shift in design assumptions, and how this relates to risk management (cf. Perrow, 1999). We investigate this question from the perspective of the system theory of Niklas Luhmann (1979, 1988, 2005 [1993])

Transboundary Natural Resource Management: The Legal and Policy Barriers to Community Participation

This paper examines the nature and characteristics of transboundary natural resource management with special attention on legal and policy issues that have precluded community participation. The data was mainly collected through a desk study. The paper is an assessment of policies and laws at national levels vis-a-vis local levels. It seeks to highlight a need to model institutions with the incorporation of inputs of local communities. Transboundary natural resource management is defined as the management of natural resources that straddle national boundaries. Studies on community based natural resource management have shown that there is need to incorporate local communities in natural resource management. It is, therefore, important to look at the way communities living with the resources at national boundaries have managed the resources thus far. The existence of boundaries is not a big issue to communities living around these boundaries because they have next-of-kin in the countries on these boundaries. Therefore, , issues of ownership were not problematic until laws at national level authorized use and ownership of natural resources, especially wildlife, by private landowners. The laws passed at national level are different not only from nation to nation but also from national level to community levels. Therefore the successful implementation of transboundary natural resource management should involve all stakeholders in the formulation of policies and laws affecting transboundary areas

Review of geographical stocks of tropical dolphins (Stenella spp. and Delphinus delphis) in the eastern Pacific

Information on geographical variation is reviewed for Stenella attenuata, S. longirostris, S. coeruleoalba, and Delphinus delphis in the eastern tropical Pacific, and boundaries for potential management units are proposed. National Marine Fisheries Service and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission sighting records made from 1979 to 1983 which were outside boundaries used in a 1979 assessment were examined for validity. Tagging returns and morphological data were also analyzed. Several stock ranges are expanded or combined. Three management units are proposed for S. attenuata: the coastal, northern offshore, and southern offshore spoiled dolphins. Four management units are proposed for S. longirostris: the Costa Rican, eastern, northern whitebelly, and southern whitebelly spinner dolphins. Two provisional management units are proposed for S. coeruleoalba: the northern and southern striped dolphins. Five management units (two of which are provisional) are proposed for D. delphis: the Baja neritic, northern, central, southern, and Guerrero common dolphins. Division into management units was based on morphological stock differences and distributional breaks. (PDF file contains 34 pages.

An approach to defining greater park ecosystems and its application to Gros Morne National Park (Newfoundland)

Ecosystem management is an integrative, cooperative, adaptive approach to resource management that has evolved in response to the growing number of environmental and resource problems over the past several decades. One such problem, the threat to the world’s biodiversity, may be attributed to the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of habitat resulting from the expanding human population, and the inability to set aside in strict nature reserves, sufficient habitat for wide-ranging mammals and fully functioning ecosystems. The Greater Park Ecosystem concept may be seen as the embodiment of ecosystem management in national parks and a response to the threat to biodiversity. A major challenge to effective implementation of such an idea is defining the boundaries of the management unit or ecosystem. Delineation of these boundaries may be guided by principles of protected area design, as well as by previous efforts to delineate ecosystem boundaries. However, any approach used to delineate the boundaries of a Greater Park Ecosystem should be consistent with the objectives and principles of ecosystem management, both its ecological (substantive) and sociopolitical (process) aspects. In this study an evaluation of previous efforts to delineate ecosystem boundaries was carried out. It concluded, based on criteria drawn from the literature on ecosystem management, national parks management, and protected area design, that no single approach adequately addressed the problem of protecting native biological diversity in national parks, in the face of increasing pressures from beyond the park boundaries. The approach suggested in this study addresses substantive ecological concerns as well as the process of boundary delineation itself. It considers abiotic, biotic, and cultural features and processes of the park region, particularly those that traverse official park boundaries. The location of significant and/or representative features and processes guides the preliminary placement of the Greater Park Ecosystem boundary, which will likely change with input from the various stakeholders. The suggested approach addresses the process of boundary delineation by encouraging participation of all stakeholders in the region, fostering a cooperative approach among competing resource users, and ensuring that institutional structures are appropriate. An overriding consideration is that the final boundaries encompass an area that is sufficiently large to support a minimum viable population of the most space-demanding species in the region. The substantive aspects of this suggested approach were illustrated in this study with reference to Gros Morne National Park in western Newfoundland. The resulting Greater Gros Morne Ecosystem boundaries were compared to several other alternatives which were based on the boundaries of the region’s ecoregions, physiographic regions, and the Western Newfoundland Model Forest. The suggested boundaries were shown to be superior to the other alternatives in terms of significant habitat characteristics, human land use, watershed integrity as well as several other measures. A preliminary assessment of the process components of the suggested approach, again with respect to Gros Morne National Park, revealed that the agencies responsible for resource management in Newfoundland appear to be moving toward an ecosystem management philosophy. The need for greater integration, cooperation, and adaptability has been widely acknowledged. From the general public, there appears to be more appreciation of the consequences of poor resource management, due primarily to the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, greater acceptance of new ideas, and a demand for more input from local groups and individuals. Despite this, the lack of alternative employment opportunities outside the extractive resource sector, and the long history of unrestricted local resource use remain barriers to widespread acceptance of the Greater Gros Morne Ecosystem concept

Quantifying ecological variation across jurisdictional boundaries in a management mosaic landscape

Context Large landscapes exhibit natural heterogeneity. Land management can impose additional variation, altering ecosystem patterns. Habitat characteristics may reflect these management factors, potentially resulting in habitat differences that manifest along jurisdictional boundaries. Objectives We characterized the patchwork of habitats across a case study landscape, the Grand Canyon Protected Area-Centered Ecosystem. We asked: how do ecological conditions vary across different types of jurisdictional boundaries on public lands? We hypothesized that differences in fire and grazing, because they respond to differences in management over time, contribute to ecological differences by jurisdiction. Methods We collected plot-scale vegetation and soils data along boundaries between public lands units surrounding the Grand Canyon. We compared locations across boundaries of units managed differently, accounting for vegetation type and elevation differences that pre-date management unit designations. We used generalized mixed effects models to evaluate differences in disturbance and ecology across boundaries. Results Jurisdictions varied in evidence of grazing and fire. After accounting for these differences, some measured vegetation and soil properties also differed among jurisdictions. The greatest differences were between US Forest Service wilderness and Bureau of Land Management units. For most measured variables, US Forest Service non-wilderness units and National Park Service units were intermediate. Conclusions In this study, several ecological properties tracked jurisdictional boundaries, forming a predictable patchwork of habitats. These patterns likely reflect site differences that pre-date jurisdictions as well as those resulting from different management histories. Understanding how ecosystem differences manifest at jurisdictional boundaries can inform resource management, conservation, and cross-boundary collaborations

Penguasaan Tanah di Kawasan Sempadan Pantai dan Wilayah Pesisir

Indonesia has large coastal areas that relatively rich in its resources. That’s why the coastal areas including the seashore boundaries are used to define the public interest, industry, tourism, settlements, even the privatization of beaches that brings damage either. Even more, according to the rules about seashore boundaries, it should be free from building settlements. It can make obscurity occupation causes there is no legal certainty for the people who live there. Therefore, it necessary the specific regulation about the occupation of the seashore boundaries include regulation about ownership, occupation, and maintenance. So, it will be arranged systematically. This article examines the regulation and how to do the protection as well as the management of the seashore boundaries and the coastal areas. Based on the study of literature, in practice, the rules of the seashore boundaries and coastal areas are regulated by Law No. 1 the Year 2014 about Changes to the Act No. 27 of the year 2007 about the management of Coastal Areas and The Small Islands. And also arranged by the Presidential Regulation Number 51 the Year 2014 about The Seashore Boundaries. Coastal areas management includes planning activities, utilization, supervision, and control of coastal resources. Whereas, the protection of the seashore boundaries includes prohibition, monitoring, control, also a determination of the boundary limits of the beach to retain its function as a local protection area. This article concludes with suggestions that are maintaining the existence of the seashore boundaries to protect the coastal areas. KEYWORDS: Land Occupation, Seashore Boundaries, Coastal Areas

Meso-scale transboundary units for the management of coral reefs in the South China Sea area

Local communities and local government units are recognized as the primary stakeholders and participants in the management of coral reef resources and the primary beneficiaries of small-scale fishing activities in the nearshore areas of the coastal zone. The issues relating to the management of the coastal zone are multi-faceted and some issues are largely intertwined with national policy and development goals. Thus, national governments have jurisdiction over these nearshore coastal resources to harmonize policies, monitor resource use and provide incentives for sustainable use. However, the natural boundaries of these reef resources, the processes that support reef ecosystems, and the local or national affiliation of the people who benefit from them may transcend the boundaries of the local and national management units. Therefore, efforts to arrest the decline in fish catch and loss of biodiversity for reefs require management interventions and assessment activities to be carried out at varying scales. In Southeast Asia, some aspects of reef and reef resources management — particularly in deciding the allocation of catch among competing fisheries, development of sustainable harvest strategies, use of broodstock for restocking or stock enhancement programs, protection of nursery and spawning areas, designation of systems of marine protected areas, and the identification of representative, adequate and comprehensive areas for biodiversity conservation in the region — may require the definition of larger management units. At the regional level, multi-country initiatives will need to define units for the transboundary management of resources. The use of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) to identify and manage fisheries resources may be a starting point; however, given the relatively sedentary nature of coral reef-dwelling and reef-associated organisms compared with other pelagic and demersal species, meso-scale transboundary units within the LMEs have to be defined. This paper provides suggestions for transboundary management units for coral reef and reef-associated resources in Southeast Asia based on information from genetic structures of model organisms in the region. In addition, specific reef areas are identified, which may be important beyond their national boundaries, as potential sources of recruits.Coral reefs, Resource management, Large marine ecosystems, Population genetics, Reef fisheries, Fishery management, South China Sea,

Boundaries, limits, landscapes and flows: An analytical framework for boundaries in natural resource management

In times of increasing pressure on natural resources, resource boundaries have become more ambiguous. Resources are increasingly interlinked, and competing users may define a resource and its boundaries differently. At times, resource units are confined into “resource plots”, while at other times they are “resource stocks”. Nevertheless, according to Elinor Ostrom, “clearly defined boundaries” are an important design principle. Against this background, the aim of this article is to develop, based on the work of Achille Varzi, an analytical framework with the help of which a better understanding can be gained of boundaries and their ambiguities in CPR management. Applied to 33 publications from Elinor Ostrom, the framework shows that focus has been on spatial, social boundaries. Less attention has been paid to natural boundaries, and in particular to natural resource limits. Applied to three empirical cases from East Asia, the framework shows how a more nuanced understanding of boundaries and their ambiguities can inform environmental management on the role of ambiguity. On a theoretical level, the paper finds that we need to move away from understanding a resource as a plain landscape, to a landscape as composed of shifting equilibria of resource flows, the limits of which need to be incorporated in CPR management.publishedVersio