On Essential Incompleteness of Hertz's Experiments on Propagation of Electromagnetic Interactions

The historical background of the 19th century electromagnetic theory is revisited from the standpoint of the opposition between alternative approaches in respect to the problem of interactions. The 19th century electrodynamics became the battle-field of a paramount importance to test existing conceptions of interactions. Hertz's experiments were designed to bring a solid experimental evidence in favor of one of them. The modern scientific method applied to analyze Hertz's experimental approach as well as the analysis of his laboratory notes, dairy and private letters show that Hertz's "\textit{crucial}" experiments cannot be considered as conclusive at many points as it is generally implied. We found that alternative Helmholtz's electrodynamics did not contradict any of Hertz's experimental observations of transverse components as Maxwell's theory predicted. Moreover, as we now know from recently published Hertz's dairy and private notes, his first experimental results indicated clearly on infinite rate of propagation. Nevertheless, Hertz's experiments provided no further explicit information on non-local longitudinal components which were such an essential feature of Helmholtz's theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a decisive choice on the adequate account of electromagnetic interactions are discussed from the position of modern scientific method

Towards understanding the child’s experience in the process of parentification: young adults’ reflections on growing up with a depressed parent

This article reports on a qualitative study with 21 young adults who grew up with a depressed parent. We examined how young adults make sense of their childhood experiences of parental depression and how their retrospective reflections help us to understand the experiences of children and the processes of parentification. Participants recounted that their childhood consisted mainly of actions in the service of family well-being. At that time, they reflected on their own experiences only rarely. In adolescence, there was an evolution toward a greater consideration for oneself and a repositioning within the family. In the discussion, we explore the therapeutic implications of this studyand in particularthe meaningfulness of silence in the family process of parentification

Icts, Social Media, & the Future of Human Rights

As communication increasingly shifts to digital platforms, information derived from online open sources is starting to become critical in creating an evidentiary basis for international crimes. While journalists have led the development of many newly emerging open source investigation methodologies, courts have heightened the requirements for verifying and preserving a chain of custody—information linking all of the individuals who possessed the content and indicating the duration of their custody—creating a need for standards that are just now beginning to be identified, articulated, and accepted by the international legal community. In this article, we discuss the impact of internet-based open source investigations on international criminal legal processes, as well as challenges related to their use. We also offer best practices for lawyers, activists, and other individuals seeking to admit open source information—including content derived from social media—into courts

Basic Principles of Hedge Accounting

The development of the capital markets increases the key role of the financial manager both in using the new techniques for administrating the risks and in assessing hedge effectiveness. Risk means possible uncertainty regarding cash flows, influencing the fair value of assets and liabilities or the value of cash flow relating to future transactions of the entity. This article emphasizes that possible financial risk in international business, like as price risk, credit risk, risk of liquidity, can be hedged using financial instruments, especially derivatives, like as forward, futures, options and swaps. The accounting treatment for these instruments is presented in accordance to the basic principles of hedge accounting imposed by IAS 39. Additionally, there are references to the most important requirements regarding the accounting rules regarding recognition and measurement of hedged derivatives according to the Romanian regulations.hedge derivatives, fair value, hedge accounting, hedge effectiveness, risk management

Treatment Rate Of Second Mesio-Buccal Canals In Maxillary Molars In A Musod Endodontic Resident Patient Population

Purpose: The primary reason for non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) failure in an upper molar is inadequate cleaning, shaping and filling of the second mesio-buccal root canal (MB2). Failure to locate and treat a present MB2 will lead to a worsened long-term prognosis. This retrospective study investigated the treatment rate of MB2s in a sample of patients who were treated in Marquette University School of Dentistry\u27s (MUSOD) advanced dental education program in Endodontics. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was approved by Marquette\u27s IRB. Data were gathered from records of 447 patients who received endodontic treatment between 2008 and 2012 and include; presence of an MB2 (dependent variable), tooth number, patient age (years), and gender (independent variables). Personal identifiers subject to HIPAA regulations were not collected. Presence of an MB2 was determined from clinical notes and verified radiographically. Frequencies of present or absent MB2s were tabulated as a function of various independent variables and statistically analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 50.3% of all patients presented with an MB2. Male and female patients had MB2s in 60.6% and 43.8%, respectively. MB2s were found in 53.1% (172 out of 324) and 43.1% (53 out of 123) of maxillary first and second molars, respectively. The mean age of the sample was 42.4 years. Below the mean age, MB2 canals were found in 56.0%, while above the mean age, they were present in 43.2%. There was no statistically significant difference in side distribution (left side of maxillary arch compared to right side). Respective frequencies were 49.3% and 51.4%. Conclusion: MB2 treatment rates may serve as a guide for practicing endodontists because they were achieved with the most current treatment techniques, advanced visualization, adequate time, and clinical expertise

Anthropologists behaving badly? Impact and the politics of evaluation in an era of accountability

This paper discusses the move within UK social science funding to use non-academic ‘impact’ as a measure of quality and success for social research. It suggests that behind this move are a set of unspoken assumptions about what constitutes ‘good’ and ‘bad’ impact, and the paper seeks to problematize these. By way of provocation, it presents three classic cases of anthropological research, in which the impact of anthropologists on the societies in which they worked was at worst reprehensible, and at best controversial. These controversies – Darkness in El Dorado, the Human Terrain System and Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood – are used to demonstrate the difficulty with which we can assess impacts as ‘good’ or ‘bad’, and the problems with attempting to do so

Soft systems methodology: a context within a 50-year retrospective of OR/MS

Soft systems methodology (SSM) has been used in the practice of operations research and management science OR/MS) since the early 1970s. In the 1990s, it emerged as a viable academic discipline. Unfortunately, its proponents consider SSM and traditional systems thinking to be mutually exclusive. Despite the differences claimed by SSM proponents between the two, they have been complementary. An extensive sampling of the OR/MS literature over its entire lifetime demonstrates the richness with which the non-SSM literature has been addressing the very same issues as does SSM