EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN MODIFIKASI KOGNITIF PERILAKU DENGAN TEKNIK RESTRUKTURISASI KOGNITIF DAN VISUALISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM PESERTA DIDIK: Penelitian Kuasi Eksperimen pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMPN 16 Tasikmalaya Tahun Akademik 2014/2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah pada peserta didik melalui pendekatan modifikasi kognitif perilaku dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif dan visualisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelian nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan angket self esteem. Sampel penelitian yaitu peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 16 Tasikmalaya Tahun ajaran 2014/2015 yang memiliki self esteem rendah dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat Self esteem peserta didik SMPN 16 Tasikmalaya, berdasarkan hasil pretest pada subjek eksperimen dan kontrol menunjukkan sebagian indikator self esteem telah memadai dan sebagian lainnya masih minim. Terdapat 3 aspek terdiri Aspek kognitif berada pada kategori tinggi, aspek afekif dan evaluatif berada pada kategori sedang. Terdapat 19 aspek terdiri 6 indikator berada pada kategori tinggi dan 13 indikator masih berada pada kategori sedang. Perlakuan pada indikator kategori sedang difokuskan untuk terjadinya peningkatan menuju kategori tinggi dan pada kategori tinggi akan diberikan perlakuan sebagai penguatan. Pendekatan modifikasi kognitif perilaku dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif dan visualisasi efektif meningkatkan self esteem peserta didik. Peningkatan dapat dilihat dari hasil posttest yaitu terdapat 7 Aspek self esteem efektif meningkat. Jadi pendekatan modifikasi kognitif perilaku dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif dan visualisasi efektif meningkatkan self esteem peserta didik di SMPN 16 Tasikmalaya. ---------- This study aims to improve low self esteem in students through cognitive behavior modification approach with cognitive restructuring techniques and visualization. This study uses a quantitative approach. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent penelian pretest-posttest control group design. Data was collected using a questionnaire self esteem. The research sample is class VIII SMP 16 Tasikmalaya 2014/2015 school year who have low self esteem with purpose sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using the t test. The results showed that the level of self-esteem of students SMP 16 Tasikmalaya, based on the results of the pretest on the experimental and control subjects showed partial indicators of self-esteem has been adequate and some others are still minimal. 3 aspect, there are cognitive aspects in the high category, afekif and evaluative aspects in middle category. Of the 19 aspects, there are six indicators are at a high category and 13 indicators is still in the moderate category. Treatment on indicator categories are focused on the increase to the high category and the higher category will be given treatment as reinforcement. Cognitive behavior modification approach with cognitive restructuring techniques and visualization effectively improve self-esteem of students. The increase can be seen from the results of the posttest that there are 7 Aspects of effective self-esteem increases. So cognitive behavioral modification approach with cognitive restructuring techniques and visualization effectively improve the self-esteem of students at SMPN 16 Tasikmalaya

SEAI: Social Emotional Artificial Intelligence Based on Damasio's Theory of Mind

A socially intelligent robot must be capable to extract meaningful information in real-time from the social environment and react accordingly with coherent human-like behaviour. Moreover, it should be able to internalise this information, to reason on it at a higher abstract level, build its own opinions independently and then automatically bias the decision-making according to its unique experience. In the last decades, neuroscience research highlighted the link between the evolution of such complex behaviour and the evolution of a certain level of consciousness, which cannot leave out of a body that feels emotions as discriminants and prompters. In order to develop cognitive systems for social robotics with greater human-likeliness, we used an "understanding by building" approach to model and implement a well-known theory of mind in the form of an artificial intelligence, and we tested it on a sophisticated robotic platform. The name of the presented system is SEAI (Social Emotional Artificial Intelligence), a cognitive system specifically conceived for social and emotional robots. It is designed as a bio-inspired, highly modular, hybrid system with emotion modelling and high-level reasoning capabilities. It follows the deliberative/reactive paradigm where a knowledge-based expert system is aimed at dealing with the high-level symbolic reasoning, while a more conventional reactive paradigm is deputed to the low-level processing and control. The SEAI system is also enriched by a model which simulate the Damasio's theory of consciousness and the theory of Somatic Markers. After a review of similar bio-inspired cognitive systems, we present the scientific foundations and their computational formalisation at the basis of the SEAI framework. Then, a deeper technical description of the architecture is disclosed underlining the numerous parallelisms with the human cognitive system. Finally, the influence of artificial emotions and feelings, and their link with the robot's beliefs and decisions have been tested in a physical humanoid involved in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

Pengaruh Teknik Takalintar terhadap Kemampuan Proses Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari masalah rendahnya kemampuan proses kognitif siswa pada konsep perkalian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik takalintarterhadap kemampuan proses kognitif pada konsep perkalian di sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas III semester 1 tahun akademik 2017-2018 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Nangela sebagai kelompok eksperimen, dan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cipaku 03 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian yaitu 20 siswa dari masing-masing kelompok. Selama proses penelitian, kelompok eksperimen diberikan teknik takalintar, sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan pembelajaran konvensional. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen kuasi desain Two Group Randomized Subject Posttest Only. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji-t. Tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor kemampuan proses kognitif siswa dari kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil uji effect sizemenunjukkan nilai sebesar 0,892, dengan interpretasi termasuk pengaruh yang tinggi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik takalintar memberikan pengaruh tinggi terhadap kemampuan proses kognitif siswa pada konsep perkalian. Oleh karena itu, teknik takalintardapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan proses kognitif siswa sekolah dasar. Abstract (The Effect of Takalintar Technique on Cognitive Processes Ability of Elementary School Students)This research is motivated from the problem of the low ability of students' cognitive processes on multiplication concepts. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of intelligent techniques on the ability of cognitive processes on the concept of multiplication in elementary schools. The study was conducted on third grade students of semester 1 of the 2017-2018 academic year in Nangela State Elementary School as an experimental group, and in Cipaku State Elementary School 03 as a control group. Research samples were 20 students from each group. During the research process, the experimental group was given takalintar techniques, while the control group was given conventional learning. The research approach used is a quantitative approach with the Two Group Randomized Subject Posttest Only quasi design experimental method. Data analysis was carried out by t-test. 0.05 significance level. The results showed a significant difference between students' cognitive process ability scores from the experimental group and the control group. The effect size test results show a value of 0.892, with interpretation including high influence. So it can be concluded that the takalintar technique has a high influence on the ability of students' cognitive processes on multiplication concepts. Therefore, takalintar technique can be an alternative learning that can be applied in an effort to improve the cognitive processing abilities of elementary school students

The extended ramp model: A biomimetic model of behaviour arbitration for lightweight cognitive architectures

In this article, we present an idea for a more intuitive, low-cost, adjustable mechanism for behaviour control and management. One focus of current development in virtual agents, robotics and digital games is on increasingly complex and realistic systems that more accurately simulate intelligence found in nature. This development introduces a multitude of control parameters creating high computational costs. The resulting complexity limits the applicability of AI systems. One solution to this problem is to focus on smaller, more manageable, and flexible systems which can be simultaneously created, instantiated, and controlled. Here we introduce a biologically inspired systems-engineering approach for enriching behaviour arbitration with a low computational overhead. We focus on an easy way to control the maintenance, inhibition and alternation of high-level behaviours (goals) in cases where static priorities are undesirable. The models we consider here are biomimetic, based on neuro-cognitive research findings from dopaminic cells responsible for controlling goal switching and maintenance in the mammalian brain. The most promising model we find is applicable to selection problems with multiple conflicting goals. It utilizes a ramp function to control the execution and inhibition of behaviours more accurately than previous mechanisms, allowing an additional layer of control on existing behaviour prioritization systems