407 research outputs found
Linguistic practice on contemporary Jordanian radio: publics and participation
Contemporary studies of media Arabic often pass over issues of media
form and the broader relevance of language use. The present thesis
addresses these issues directly by examining the language used in Jordanian
non-government radio programmes. It examines recordings and transcriptions
of a range of programme genres â primarily, morning talk shows and âservice
programmesâ (barÄmiĹž ḳadamÄtiyya), and Islamic advice programmes, both of
which feature significant audience input via call-ins. The data are examined
through an interpretive form of discourse analysis, drawing on linguistic
anthropological theory that analyses language as a form of performance,
through comparison of radio programmes as âunits of interaction.â This is
supported by sociolinguistic data obtained from the recordings, including
phoneme frequency analysis, in addition to the authorâs experience of 6
months of fieldwork in Jordan in 2014-15. The analysis focuses on four major
themes: (1) the influence of media context, specifically the sonic exclusivity
and temporal evanescence of radio, on language use, as well as the impact of
digital media; (2) the indexicality of certain locally salient sociolinguistic
variables, and the use to which they are put in radio talk; (3) the role of
language in constructing the identity, or persona, of broadcasters; and (4) the
role of language in constructing and validating authoritative discourse, in
particular that of Islamic texts and scripture in religious programming.
Through its analysis of these themes, using selected recording excerpts
as demonstrative case studies, this thesis shows that specific strategies of
Arabic use in the radio setting crucially affect both the publics â the addressed
audiences â of radio talk, as well as the frameworks of participation in this talk
â how and to what extent broadcasters and members of the public can
participate in mediated discourse. The results demonstrate the unique value
of an interpretive study of linguistic performance for highlighting broader social
issues, including the inclusion and exclusion of particular segments of the
society through linguistic strategies â Jordanians versus non-Jordanians,
Ammanis versus non-Ammanis, and pious Muslims versus non-believers; and
the use of language to reassert, or occasionally challenge, dominant
ideologies and discourses, such as those of gender, nationalism, and religion.
This study thus contributes an examination of contemporary Jordanian non-government
radio language in its social and political context â something which
has not been attempted before, and which provides important insights
regarding both the nature of contemporary Arabic media language and its
broader social and cultural import
Directional adposition use in English, Swedish and Finnish
Directional adpositions such as to the left of describe where a Figure is in relation to a Ground. English and Swedish directional adpositions refer to the location of a Figure in relation to a Ground, whether both are static or in motion. In contrast, the Finnish directional adpositions edellä (in front of) and jäljessä (behind) solely describe the location of a moving Figure in relation to a moving Ground (Nikanne, 2003).
When using directional adpositions, a frame of reference must be assumed for interpreting the meaning of directional adpositions. For example, the meaning of to the left of in English can be based on a relative (speaker or listener based) reference frame or an intrinsic (object based) reference frame (Levinson, 1996). When a Figure and a Ground are both in motion, it is possible for a Figure to be described as being behind or in front of the Ground, even if neither have intrinsic features. As shown by Walker (in preparation), there are good reasons to assume that in the latter case a motion based reference frame is involved. This means that if Finnish speakers would use edellä (in front of) and jäljessä (behind) more frequently in situations where both the Figure and Ground are in motion, a difference in reference frame use between Finnish on one hand and English and Swedish on the other could be expected.
We asked native English, Swedish and Finnish speakersâ to select adpositions from a language specific list to describe the location of a Figure relative to a Ground when both were shown to be moving on a computer screen. We were interested in any differences between Finnish, English and Swedish speakers.
All languages showed a predominant use of directional spatial adpositions referring to the lexical concepts TO THE LEFT OF, TO THE RIGHT OF, ABOVE and BELOW. There were no differences between the languages in directional adpositions use or reference frame use, including reference frame use based on motion.
We conclude that despite differences in the grammars of the languages involved, and potential differences in reference frame system use, the three languages investigated encode Figure location in relation to Ground location in a similar way when both are in motion.
Levinson, S. C. (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneuxâs question: Crosslingiuistic evidence. In P. Bloom, M.A. Peterson, L. Nadel & M.F. Garrett (Eds.) Language and Space (pp.109-170). Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Nikanne, U. (2003). How Finnish postpositions see the axis system. In E. van der Zee & J. Slack (Eds.), Representing direction in language and space. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Walker, C. (in preparation). Motion encoding in language, the use of spatial locatives in a motion context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Lincoln, Lincoln. United Kingdo
Negotiating ludic normativity in Facebook meme pages
Title: Negotiating ludic normativity in Facebook meme pages Author: OndĹej ProchĂĄzka Affiliation: Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences This thesis explores the capacity of Internet memes to inflect social realities in the communities organized around them on social media, particularly Facebook. Memes are not mere playful âjokesâ or âparodiesâ spreading virally on the Internet in countless variations, they are also powerful tools for political investment aimed to sway public attention and opinions. Memes have been increasingly documented as a vital component in the unprecedented spread and ânormalizationâ of hateful sentiments and ideologies characterized by âfake newsâ and âpost-truthâ politics appealing to emotions rather than âfactsâ in the digital mainstream. Based on authorâs more than five-year observation of communities around Countryball memes, this work argues that much of the socio-cultural and communicative dynamics involving memes can be understood in terms of ludic play. The object of the study â Countryballs memes â are simple meme-comics featuring ball-shaped creatures in colors denoting nation-states while satirically reinventing international âdramaâ through the prism of socio-cultural and linguistic stereotypes. Having become a household name among memes, Countryballs offer communicative resources to playfully engage not only with wider socio-political issues, but also to with the linguistic, semiotic and ideological boundaries of our communicative norms shaped by the affordances of social media. The present work demonstrates how play can be used as a useful concept for understanding not only how matters of public attention are packed, framed and transmitted in the digital culture via (Countryball) memes, but more importantly how such matters are in fact interpreted by those who engage with them. More specifically, it shows how play enables alternative modes of expression and meaning making with different normative patterns and preferences which stand outside âstandardâ, ârationalâ or âcivilâ expectations. And it is precisely ludic play that fosters different types of communication and sociality which are often done âjust for funâ, however serious or offensive their effects may be. To identify these effects and their implications in the contemporary digital age, the thesis employs a discourse-analytical methodology informed by current advances in digital ethnography and sociolinguistics. It focuses on negotiations among participants in memetic communities about what counts as âappropriateâ, âacceptableâ or âcorrectâ in their socio-communicative behavior. Together in four case studies, the present work provides a comprehensive account of how participants articulate, police, break and re-construct ludic normativity in connection with recent socio-political issues and digital culture at large. This includes the role of memes in the newly emerging forms of communication, in the rise of populism and nationalism, algorithmic manipulation and exploitation, curating digital content and more. The concept of play is continually revisited throughout the discussion against the developments in the scholarship on Internet memes and their ludic genealogy. In doing so, the thesis also revisits some of the traditional concepts such as the notion of âcommunityâ and âcommunicative competenceâ to arrive at more precise accounts of the concrete processes of globalization and digitalization in our societies and their effects
Learning words and learning sounds : Advances in language development
Phonological development is sometimes seen as a process of learning sounds, or forming phonological categories, and then combining sounds to build words, with the evidence taken largely from studies demonstrating âperceptual narrowingâ in infant speech perception over the first year of life. In contrast, studies of early word production have long provided evidence that holistic word learning may precede the formation of phonological categories. In that account, children begin by matching their existing vocal patterns to adult words, with knowledge of the phonological system emerging from the network of related word forms. Here I review evidence from production and then consider how the implicit and explicit learning mechanisms assumed by the complementary memory systems model might be understood as reconciling the two approaches
The Call of the Wild Geese: An Ethnography of Diasporic Irish Language Revitalization in Southern and Eastern Ontario
This research examines the ideological and social dynamics that govern the use of the Irish language by a network of speakers and learners in Southern and Eastern Ontario. In what follows, I investigate the invocation of powerful historical discourses and symbolic references that has resulted in the creation of a vibrant network dedicated to reviving Irish in a diasporic setting through immersion. Using Irish at language immersion events is informed by diverse factors â levels of participant fluency, the prevalence of language-specific acquisition and socialization strategies, as well as by the need of attendees to talk about their stories and identities. While the institutional goals of using Irish wherever possible is relatively straightforward, this research explores the complicated ideological landscape that informs the language choices that individuals make in their negotiation of these events in order to highlight factors that complicate the goal of language revitalization by a community in diaspora
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