Model Platform Sharing Economy Di Indonesia Study Kasus: Unicorn Lokal

The sharing economy platform is a concept that is not yet stable and will continue to grow. This is evidenced by the various types of sharing economy platforms developed, especially in Indonesia. Many applications are made, but there are only a few applications that succeed in their business even reaching the Unicorn. They are Gojek, Traveloka, Tokopedia and Bukalapak. This study answers the question of how a typology of economic models sharing platforms in Indonesia is successful by taking the four unicorns as objects. The basic model of sharing economy used consists of four models taking into account the level of company control over participants and the level of competition between participants. Typology was developed through analysis of qualitative data obtained by observing the 4 Unicorn application which became the most successful platform in terms of user acquisition, active users, and transaction volumes. The theoretical contribution of this research is the sharing economic categorization model in Indonesia, considering that there is no research that presents the generic typology as intended. While the practical contribution is to provide a reference for beginners and investors about sharing economic models that are relevant for the Indonesian market. From the results of this study, we will know the typology model of a sharing economic platform that is developing in Indonesia, so it is expected to be a reference for business development towards the industrial revolution era 4.0.   Keywords: sharing economy, Indonesia's model, Gojek, Traveloka, Tokopedia,                   Bukalapa

Sharing Economy Business Models : Addressing the design-implementation gap

Despite sharing being a long-practiced form of consumption, the concept ‘sharing economy’ has emerged only recently. New business models have proliferated, utilising technology to reduce transaction costs and facilitate shared access. Societal actors have taken interest in the sharing economy, to reduce resource consumption, foster social cohesion, and support the economy. However, sharing economy business models facilitate a wide array of consumption practices, including sharing, renting, borrowing, lending, bartering, swapping, trading, exchanging, gifting, buying second-hand, and even buying new goods. Past academic research and media attention tend to focus on unicorns such as Airbnb and Uber. There is greater need to explore the diverse permutations of business models within the sharing economy, especially considering sustainability.However, a gap exists between the design and successful implementation of sharing economy business models. This research aims to advance and structure knowledge about the sharing economy and sustainable business models, by using business modelling methods to study the design and implementation of sharing economy business models. Inspired by design science, this research engages in prescriptive theory-building and design- oriented research to construct and evaluate design artefacts. Incorporating data materials from people, documents, and literature, the research strategies of grounded theory and desk research are utilised to support methods for data collection and data analysis.The research proposes a prescriptive definition of the sharing economy as a socio-economic system that leverages technology to mediate two-sided markets, which facilitate temporary access to goods that are under- utilised, tangible, and rivalrous. From this, four design principles guide the formation of the sharing economy business model framework, which capture three value dimensions, sixteen business model attributes, and eighty- nine configuration options. This research proposes a coherent design theory to support the conceptualisation of sharing economy business models for sustainability.Additional artefacts are developed to support the successful implementation of these business models. First, business model patterns provide the justificatory knowledge to select relevant business model attributes in specific contexts. Then, a systematic framework measures the social impact of sharing platforms across four aspects – trust, empowerment, social justice, and inclusivity. Finally, organisational response strategies to COVID-19 are established in the sharing economy.The primary contribution of this research is conceptual, with additional modest methodological and empirical contributions. Furthermore, the artefacts are intended to be useful for research and practice, including scholars, entrepreneurs, managers, policymakers, investors, users, and concerned citizens

The potential of shared mobility : new business models in the sharing economy

Rather than owning them, customers increasingly prefer renting or leasing products, creating a new business sector that is widely described as the sharing economy. As a result, new business models have emerged, most of which are platforms and are hence described as sharing economy platforms. Along with their growing popularity and success, these new business models create controversies with regards to their impact on society and environment, especially in the mobility sector. Optimistic framings view the sharing economy as an opportunity for societies, while critics argue that the business models are built in a way that benefits the companies providing the platforms rather than the individuals using them or the society at large. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how business models are built in order to meet positive expectations towards sharing economy or not and business models of companies operating in the sector have been changed in this context. The phenomenon of the sharing economy is explained, as well the concept of business models. On the basis of this theoretical background, four different new business models in the mobility sector are compared. It is found that the business models of customer-to-customer platforms are more likely to meet the optimistic expectations towards the sharing economy than business-to-consumer platforms, whilst the latter seem to increasingly initiate efforts to expand their business models towards these expectations.Em vez da compra em regime de propriedade plena, os consumidores têm optado preferencialmente pelos sistemas de renting ou leasing na aquisição de certos bens, revelando uma nova área de negócio habitualmente designada como economia de partilha. Em resultado desta surgiram novos modelos de negócio, na maioria dos casos com recurso a plataformas que, por esse motivo, são designadas como plataformas da economia de partilha. Enquanto estes novos modelos de negócio crescem em popularidade e sucesso, são simultaneamente alvo de controvérsia quanto ao seu impacto social e ambiental, em particular no sector da mobilidade. Numa visão otimista a economia de partilha é encarada como uma conjuntura favorável para a sociedade no seu todo, enquanto os críticos alertam que este modelo de negócio está desenhado mais para benefício das empresas do que dos indivíduos ou da sociedade. Este fenómeno da economia de partilha, bem como o modelo de negócio a ela associado, serão analisados. O objetivo da presente tese é confrontar quatro modelos de negócio diferentes, na perspetiva da mobilidade. Conclui-se que os modelos de negócios baseados em plataformas de consumidor para consumidor são aqueles que melhor vão de encontro às expetativas, especialmente quando comparados com plataformas de empresas para consumidores, apesar de estes últimos apresentarem cada vez mais esforços para caminharem nesse sentido

Exploring the Growing Fluidity of Organizational Boundaries with a Value-Creating Perspective

In the era of sharing economy, to get great economic and business value from cloud services, including cost avoidance, cost savings, rapid deployment, scalability, management simplicity, better security and resiliency, the organization transformational flexibility is becoming the core business strategies. As an organization responds to the emergence of digitalization, this study presents four sharing economy models by comparing the sharing economy platforms, then examined a few notable papers that have helped set the stage for current conceptualization, especially concerning the impact of innovative sharing technologies on the organizational boundaries and business value chain system. Finally, the results reconstructed traditional value chains with three stages, including redeploying slack resources, inter collaboration, and value-creating acquisitions. And the finding is that structures digitalization processes through the lens of organizational with cloud service and edge computing. The objective of this article is to advance our understanding of the impact of innovative sharing technologies on the organizational boundaries and business value chain system

Comparative Study of Business Models of European Micro-Mobility Online Services

The sharing economy is promoting sustainable usage of materials, equipment, and tools. Moreover, ride-sharing is a recognized means of sustainable mobility. Besides, in the wake of COVID-19 prevention measures, bicycles and e-scooters became encouraged transportation means to allow individual and non-crowded outdoor transit compared to other public transportation means. In this study, the authors aim to identify the core differentiating aspects of business models of European micro-mobility sharing online services (platforms). The Business Model Canvas framework proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) was used as a basis to carry out the comparative analysis. The most popular European micro-mobility services were identified using the Crunchbase database, and the data on their business models was collected from secondary sources. The paper presents an analysis of four cases: Bolt (an international ride-hailing service), Nextbike (international bike-sharing service), CityBee (regional freefloating car-sharing service), and TIER Mobility (regional scooter sharing service). Future research will include a broader range of cases, interviews of the micro-mobility platform’s representatives, surveys of their users, and more detailed case analysis

THE YIN-AND-YANG OF COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF AMBIDEXTROUS IS CAPABILITIES AT GOGET CARSHARE

In this paper, we present a model of how ambidextrous IS capabilities enact the development and management of collaborative consumption platforms. Collaborative consumption in an increasingly digital economy is emergent, and fosters hyper-connections among human actors, organizations, and processes in the negotiating and sharing of goods and services. Despite this, existing literature does not provide actionable process models, nor does it meaningfully engage with the role of IS in understanding how collaborative consumption platforms create value. We present a study of GoGet, a car-sharing platform, service and community that has experienced significant growth over the past decade. Based on preliminary findings and drawing on IS capabilities as theoretical lens, we reveal a four-stage process model − minimizing, attaining, extending and optimizing − central to achieving a balance between growth and control objectives in a collaborative consumption ecosystem. Our ongoing study, which seeks to reveal a roadmap as to how IS capabilities facilitate this new mode of consumption, has implications for both theory and practice

How to Create Value(s) in the Sharing Economy: Business Models, Scalability, and Sustainability

By organizing peer-to-peer exchanges and promoting access over ownership, the sharing economy is transforming a great variety of sectors. Enjoying fast growth, the sharing economy is an umbrella term encompassing heterogeneous initiatives that create different types of economic, environmental, or social value. This heterogeneity triggers tensions and intense disputes about the perimeter of the field. Do Airbnb and Uber belong to the sharing economy? How do we consider practices such as gifting, renting, and swapping that existed before the sharing economy boom? To sort out this complexity, we have adopted a pragmatic and grounded approach examining 27 initiatives that claim to be part of, or are perceived as emblematic of the sharing economy. We develop a typology of sharing economy business models revealing four configurations: shared infrastructure providers, commoners, mission-driven platforms, and matchmakers. Each configuration exhibits specific value-creation logics, scalability issues, sustainability impacts, and potential controversies. Our results provide guidance for sharing entrepreneurs, for established businesses that want to embrace the principles of the sharing economy, and for public actors wishing to regulate or support the field

The Sharing Economy in Cities : Institutionalisation and Sustainability

The sharing economy is a novel way of distributing physical resources facilitated by online platforms where temporary access is given to goods owned by peers or organisations. It has become prominent in urban areas where a large accumulation of resources in close proximity and the ubiquity of information and communications technology enable it to grow. Its emergence has had various impacts on existing urban systems that are essential for the well-functioning of cities. There is therefore value in exploring its institutionalisation in specific urban contexts.This PhD dissertation aims to advance understanding on (i) how two key actor groups, urban sharing organisations and municipal governments, work to shape the development of the sharing economy in cities, and (ii) which sustainability claims they use to shape this process. The study draws on 150 interviews with key sharing economy actors collected during mobile research labs in six cities: London, Berlin, Amsterdam, Malmö, San Francisco, and Toronto. The research gaps are further assessed by combining four theoretical angles: institutional work, governance theory, framing theory, and sustainability science. It was found that urban sharing organisations engage in both institutional creation and disruption when attempting to institutionalise sharing practices in cities. These modes of institutional work vary among the different organisations, and impact which sharing practices become institutionalised and which existing institutions become disrupted. As a response to the emergence of the sharing economy in cities, municipal governments have developed a portfolio of governance mechanisms. When they steer the development of urban sharing organisations, they engage in outward governance. When they define who they are in relation to the sharing economy, and direct their efforts towards their own actions, it is referred to as inward governance. Often, urban sharing organisations and municipal governments use sustainability framings to co-create the sharing economy in cities. These framings are also explored in this thesis.The study underlines that the diversity of sharing economy business models, existing institutional arrangements in cities, urban sustainability issues, and institutional work of key actors are some of the key factors influencing institutionalisation of the sharing economy in cities. These factors also determine how the sharing economy will impact urban sustainability in the future

Cities, The Sharing Economy and What's Next

This report seeks to provide an analysis of what is currently happening in American cities so that city leaders may better understand, encourage and regulate the growing sharing economy. Interviews were conducted with city officials on the impact of the sharing economy and related topics, and the report centers around five key themes: innovation, economic development, equity, safety and implementation.The sharing economy is also commonly referred to as collaborative consumption, the collaborative economy, or the peer-to-peer economy. This term refers to business models that enable providers and consumers to share resources and services, from housing to vehicles and more. These business models typically take the form of an online and/or application-based platform for business transactions