990 research outputs found

    Digital Decisions and Online Heritage: an Examination of the Response of the GLAM Sector to the Opportunities of the Internet Since 2000

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    The digitisation of a critical mass of heritage collections has been an aspiration for successive UK governments and the heritage sector since the year 2000, with the stated aim of reaching new unserved audiences and thereby democratising heritage. But analysis shows that only an estimated 8.5% of the UK’s collections have been digitised and shared with the public. This research argues that there is a gap between what the UK Government believes is the purpose and value of digitisation and that expressed within the heritage discourse, and that this has been a barrier to digitisation. It examines predictions made during the years 1997-2003, a time when digitisation was being widely debated, and identifies three themes: Digital death and Obsolescence (fears linked to the speed of technological change), Ownership and the Public/Private web (the benefits and threats of sharing collections online) and Authority and Democratisation (the sharing of the curatorial role with visitors and the notion that digitisation can democratise heritage). Interviews with digital heritage professionals reveal they believe cost, time and copyright concerns to have been the main barriers to digitisation. I show that these practical challenges have been exacerbated by external pressures: technological, economic and social but predominantly political. The 2018 DCMS Culture is Digital report identifies the main barrier as a lack of digital maturity, but I argue this could equally be described as a lack of business maturity. I conclude that mass digitisation is unlikely to be a priority for heritage unless it can be successfully monetised, but that the Covid-19 crisis has created a new focus on this. I recommend that heritage organisations should take the lead from commercially successful museums like the Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands, which has successfully digitised almost its entire collection and shared it with no restrictions. I recommend that if the government wants to professionalise the sector, it needs to give British heritage organisations the same creative and financial freedom the Rijksmuseum has enjoyed. For UK heritage organisations, I recommend that a culture of open sharing might prove to be the key to democratising heritage, while at the same time helping them to discover the value and purpose of digitisation

    Security and Privacy for Modern Wireless Communication Systems

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    The aim of this reprint focuses on the latest protocol research, software/hardware development and implementation, and system architecture design in addressing emerging security and privacy issues for modern wireless communication networks. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following: deep-learning-based security and privacy design; covert communications; information-theoretical foundations for advanced security and privacy techniques; lightweight cryptography for power constrained networks; physical layer key generation; prototypes and testbeds for security and privacy solutions; encryption and decryption algorithm for low-latency constrained networks; security protocols for modern wireless communication networks; network intrusion detection; physical layer design with security consideration; anonymity in data transmission; vulnerabilities in security and privacy in modern wireless communication networks; challenges of security and privacy in node–edge–cloud computation; security and privacy design for low-power wide-area IoT networks; security and privacy design for vehicle networks; security and privacy design for underwater communications networks

    Interdisciplinarity in the Age of the Triple Helix: a Film Practitioner's Perspective

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    This integrative chapter contextualises my research including articles I have published as well as one of the creative artefacts developed from it, the feature film The Knife That Killed Me. I review my work considering the ways in which technology, industry methods and academic practice have evolved as well as how attitudes to interdisciplinarity have changed, linking these to Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff’s ‘Triple Helix’ model (1995). I explore my own experiences and observations of opportunities and challenges that have been posed by the intersection of different stakeholder needs and expectations, both from industry and academic perspectives, and argue that my work provides novel examples of the applicability of the ‘Triple Helix’ to the creative industries. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the evolution and direction of my work, the relevance of the ‘Triple Helix’ to creative practice, and ways in which this relationship could be investigated further

    Ethnographically-informed distributed participatory design framework for sociotechnical change : co-designing a collaborative training tool to support real-time collaborative writing

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    Although Wikipedia’s immense success is partially due to its support of the asynchronous collaboration model, researchers argue that the bureaucratic rules and technical infrastructure enabling it feed into Wikipedia’s content bias. Attempts to introduce different collaboration models have so far failed, but the fact that they have occurred persistently over time suggests that at least part of the Wikipedia community favours incorporating features such as real-time collaborative editing. My research is founded on the argument that the advantageous aspects of the asynchronous model should be preserved, although the existing model needs to be complemented by real-time collaboration in settings such as Wikipedia training events. This thesis describes a Participatory Design process resulting in a prototype called WikiSync, a system that introduces real-time collaboration for the Wikipedia community using a responsible design approach that is respectful of Wikipedia’s rich social structure and history. Furthermore, my research has produced an adaptive methodology for co-designing sociotechnical solutions in a geographically distributed community. After an in-depth observation of online Wikipedia training and the existing community innovation processes, my participatory design sessions have helped create a mutual learning environment for co-designing WikiSync in tandem with the community, while addressing a wide range of their concerns about real-time collaboration. I also consulted the broader Wikipedia community using an online social ideation and voting tool to evaluate the desirability and applicability of the solution. Finally, the resulting ethnographically-informed distributed Participatory Design framework provides an innovation process for involving a diverse, widely distributed online community in co-designing sociotechnical solutions

    Challenges and perspectives of hate speech research

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    This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria, and India, theoretical introductions to the concepts of hate speech, dangerous speech, incivility, toxicity, extreme speech, and dark participation, as well as reflections on methodological challenges such as scraping, annotation, datafication, implicity, explainability, and machine learning. As such, it provides a much-needed forum for cross-national and cross-disciplinary conversations in what is currently a very vibrant field of research

    Training future hybrid nonprofit social enterprise leaders: a research-based instructional needs analysis

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    Nonprofit social enterprises (NSEs) seek to address societal problems through for-profit ventures. Because they pursue social and commercial goals, these organizations have great potential to solve social and environmental issues more efficiently and effectively. Given their unique purpose and challenges, NSEs require a different type of leadership than traditional nonprofit organizations, a distinctive competency model with specialized social work and business management training. Research has shown, however, that finding leaders with this necessary mix for effective management poses a challenge for such organizations. This exploratory study aimed to examine the extent to which MPA (i.e., master’s degree in public administration) and MNM (i.e., master’s degree in nonprofit management) preparatory programs include the primary NSE leadership competencies in their curricula. The researcher developed an NSE leadership competency survey from the literature and distributed it to 250 MPA and MNM faculty and administrators employed at various public and private universities. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, t tests, and bivariate correlations, showing neither program type focuses strongly on teaching NSE leadership competencies. MNM programs and private universities cover several well and more extensively than MPA programs and public universities. Findings highlight pedagogical enhancement opportunities for MPA and MNM NSE leadership preparation programs at public and private universities
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