101 research outputs found

    Jaw reflexes in subjects with temporomandibular disorders and bruxism

    Get PDF
    The overall aim of this study, was to investigate the jaw-opening reflexes in TMD patients and bruxists in order to get a better understanding of these disorders.At the beginning, it was decided to study the reflexes evoked in the masseter muscle by electrical stimulation across the lip in healthy subjects. The aim was to find the threshold at which each of the significant responses occurred and to investigate the effect of reversing the polarity of the stimulus electrode on the pattern of reflexes. A sequence of inhibitor, excitatory, inhibitory and excitatory responses could be produced in the muscle by both polarities of stimuli. It was found that stimulation of nerves supplying the skin outside the mouth evokes predominantly long-latency jaw reflexes whereas short-latency responses can be evoked by stimulating nerves supplying oral mucosa. Furthermore, long-latency excitatory reflexes seem to be the most easily evoked by stimulation of the lip.Another aim of the study was to investigate whether difference could be observed between bruxists and non-bruxists in response to electrical stimulation of the lip. In both groups, there were significant differences in the thresholds of the different responses. Also, there were differences between the two groups in the presence of the short-latency excitation and the long-latency inhibitory responses. These findings suggest that long-latency inhibitory responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the lip are weaker in bruxists than in non-bruxists.Finally, jaw reflexes in TMD patients were investigated to determine whether differences could be detected in electrically-evoked inhibitory and excitatory responses. Moreover, the occlusal splint is one of the most universally accepted forms of therapy in TMD patients and it was possible that these splints might have an effect on the pattern of jaw reflexes in view of their therapeutic effect

    Temporomandibular Joint Diseases: Diagnosis and Management

    Get PDF
    Temporomandibular Joint Diseases are common and dificult to treat. From diagnosis to treatment, our options are in a broad range. Keeping updated with new technologies is extremely important for researchers and health professionals

    Structural and Functional Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint (Internal Disorders)

    Get PDF
    There are many factors that can cause damage to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures or impair normal functional relationships between condyle, disc and eminence. The main symptoms associated with TMJ dysfunction are pain, limited mobility of the mandible, spasticity of the masticatory muscles and sound that is produced in the joint during mandibular movement. Pain originates from nociceptors located in soft tissue of the joint. If the soft tissue structures are not in inflammation, the pain is sharp, sudden and intense tightly connected to the movements in the TMJ. If the inflammation is presented, the pain is constant and increases with the movements in the joint. TMJ dysfunction is manifested by feeling stiffness of the joint, limited and/or altered opening of the mouth with deviation or deflection of the mandible. Individual or multiple sound produced by the TMJ are most often the consequence of the disturbed function of the condyle-disc complex, the morphological incompatibility of the joint surfaces or degenerative changes in them. The signs and symptoms of disease and dysfunction of TMJ are different and depend on the duration of the disorders and its chronicity as well as on the individual sensitivity of the patients. Proper identification of symptoms and precise diagnosis are therefore essential for future treatment

    Signal acquisition and analysis of ambulatory electromyographic recordings for the assessment of sleep bruxism : A scoping review

    Get PDF
    Background Ambulatory electromyographic (EMG) devices are increasingly being used in sleep bruxism studies. EMG signal acquisition, analysis and scoring methods vary between studies. This may impact comparability of studies and the assessment of sleep bruxism in patients. Objectives (a) To provide an overview of EMG signal acquisition and analysis methods of recordings from limited-channel ambulatory EMG devices for the assessment of sleep bruxism; and (b) to provide an overview of outcome measures used in sleep bruxism literature utilising such devices. Method A scoping review of the literature was performed. Online databases PubMed and Semantics Scholar were searched for studies published in English until 7 October 2020. Data on five categories were extracted: recording hardware, recording logistics, signal acquisition, signal analysis and sleep bruxism outcomes. Results Seventy-eight studies were included, published between 1977 and 2020. Recording hardware was generally well described. Reports of participant instructions in device handling and of dealing with failed recordings were often lacking. Basic elements of signal acquisition, for example amplifications factors, impedance and bandpass settings, and signal analysis, for example rectification, signal processing and additional filtering, were underreported. Extensive variability was found for thresholds used to characterise sleep bruxism events. Sleep bruxism outcomes varied, but typically represented frequency, duration and/or intensity of masticatory muscle activity (MMA). Conclusion Adequate and standardised reporting of recording procedures is highly recommended. In future studies utilising ambulatory EMG devices, the focus may need to shift from the concept of scoring sleep bruxism events to that of scoring the whole spectrum of MMA.Peer reviewe

    Signal acquisition and analysis of ambulatory electromyographic recordings for the assessment of sleep bruxism: A scoping review

    Get PDF
    Background: Ambulatory electromyographic (EMG) devices are increasingly being used in sleep bruxism studies. EMG signal acquisition, analysis and scoring methods vary between studies. This may impact comparability of studies and the assessment of sleep bruxism in patients. Objectives: (a) To provide an overview of EMG signal acquisition and analysis methods of recordings from limited-channel ambulatory EMG devices for the assessment of sleep bruxism; and (b) to provide an overview of outcome measures used in sleep bruxism literature utilising such devices. Method: A scoping review of the literature was performed. Online databases PubMed and Semantics Scholar were searched for studies published in English until 7 October 2020. Data on five categories were extracted: recording hardware, recording logistics, signal acquisition, signal analysis and sleep bruxism outcomes. Results: Seventy-eight studies were included, published between 1977 and 2020. Recording hardware was generally well described. Reports of participant instructions in device handling and of dealing with failed recordings were often lacking. Basic elements of signal acquisition, for example amplifications factors, impedance and bandpass settings, and signal analysis, for example rectification, signal processing and additional filtering, were underreported. Extensive variability was found for thresholds used to characterise sleep bruxism events. Sleep bruxism outcomes varied, but typically represented frequency, duration and/or intensity of masticatory muscle activity (MMA). Conclusion: Adequate and standardised reporting of recording procedures is highly recommended. In future studies utilising ambulatory EMG devices, the focus may need to shift from the concept of scoring sleep bruxism events to that of scoring the whole spectrum of MMA

    Effect of 3D Printer Type and Use of Protection Gas during Post-Curing on Some Physical Properties of Soft Occlusal Splint Material

    Get PDF
    Despite the fact that three-dimensional (3D) printing is frequently used in the manufacturing of occlusal splints, the effects of the 3D printer type and post-curing methods are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the printer type (digital light processing: DLP; and liquid crystal display: LCD) as well as the post-curing method with two different atmospheric conditions (air and nitrogen gas (N-2)) on the mechanical and surface properties of 3D-printed soft-type occlusal splint material. The evaluated properties were flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC%), water sorption, water solubility, and 3D microlayer structure. The printer type significantly affected all the evaluated properties. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness were significantly higher when specimens were printed by a DLP printer, while VHN and DC% were significantly higher, and a smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by an LCD printer. The post-curing at an N-2 atmosphere significantly enhanced all of the evaluated properties except water sorption, 3D microlayer structure, and fracture toughness. The current results suggested that the printer type and the post-curing methods would have an impact on the mechanical and surface properties of the evaluated material

    The significance of subthreshold symptoms of anxiety in the aetiology of bruxism

    Get PDF
    Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)Bruxism is an oral parafunctional habit involving clenching and grinding of the teeth that occurs mainly unconsciously, diurnally and nocturnally. It is considered an important contributory factor in the aetiology of myofascial pain (MFP) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aetiology of bruxism is considered to be multifactorial, involving physiological and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the subthreshold symptoms (subtle, prodromal, atypical and subclinical symptoms of which the severity precludes diagnosis as a disorder) of anxiety and bruxism in a sample of subjects using a spectrum model.South Afric

    Therapeutic Dentistry for the 4th year students

    Get PDF
    УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСОБИЯСТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ЛЕЧЕБНО-ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНАЯСТОМАТОЛОГИЯПЕРИОДОНТА БОЛЕЗНИСТОМАТОЛОГИЯ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫTHERAPEUTIC DENTISTRYПособие рассматривает один из важнейших разделов терапевтической стоматологии - периодонтологию. Изложены основные аспекты этиологии и патогенеза заболеваний периодонта, их клиническая картина. Представлена классификация заболеваний периодонта, основные и дополнительные методы диагностики, профилактики и лечения заболеваний периодонта. Предназначено для студентов 4 курса стоматологического факультета, обучающихся на английском языке
    corecore