Supporting adaptiveness of cyber-physical processes through action-based formalisms

Cyber Physical Processes (CPPs) refer to a new generation of business processes enacted in many application environments (e.g., emergency management, smart manufacturing, etc.), in which the presence of Internet-of-Things devices and embedded ICT systems (e.g., smartphones, sensors, actuators) strongly influences the coordination of the real-world entities (e.g., humans, robots, etc.) inhabitating such environments. A Process Management System (PMS) employed for executing CPPs is required to automatically adapt its running processes to anomalous situations and exogenous events by minimising any human intervention. In this paper, we tackle this issue by introducing an approach and an adaptive Cognitive PMS, called SmartPM, which combines process execution monitoring, unanticipated exception detection and automated resolution strategies leveraging on three well-established action-based formalisms developed for reasoning about actions in Artificial Intelligence (AI), including the situation calculus, IndiGolog and automated planning. Interestingly, the use of SmartPM does not require any expertise of the internal working of the AI tools involved in the system

A planning approach to the automated synthesis of template-based process models

The design-time specification of flexible processes can be time-consuming and error-prone, due to the high number of tasks involved and their context-dependent nature. Such processes frequently suffer from potential interference among their constituents, since resources are usually shared by the process participants and it is difficult to foresee all the potential tasks interactions in advance. Concurrent tasks may not be independent from each other (e.g., they could operate on the same data at the same time), resulting in incorrect outcomes. To tackle these issues, we propose an approach for the automated synthesis of a library of template-based process models that achieve goals in dynamic and partially specified environments. The approach is based on a declarative problem definition and partial-order planning algorithms for template generation. The resulting templates guarantee sound concurrency in the execution of their activities and are reusable in a variety of partially specified contextual environments. As running example, a disaster response scenario is given. The approach is backed by a formal model and has been tested in experiment

Guiding the participative design process

International audienceIt is traditional to look to any engineering activity from both the product point of view and the process point of view. The product is the desired result, the process is the route followed to reach the result. Methods were classically focused on the product aspect of systems development and have paid less attention to the description of formally defined ways-of-working. Clearly, there is an important demand on methods and tools where process guidance is offered to provide advice on which activities are appropriate to which situations and how to perform them [Rolland95], [Rolland96], [Downson94], [Wynekoop93]. We propose a way-of-working which intents to provide such a guidance

An automated reasoning framework for translational research

AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel approach to the design and implementation of knowledge-based decision support systems for translational research, specifically tailored to the analysis and interpretation of data from high-throughput experiments. Our approach is based on a general epistemological model of the scientific discovery process that provides a well-founded framework for integrating experimental data with preexisting knowledge and with automated inference tools.In order to demonstrate the usefulness and power of the proposed framework, we present its application to Genome-Wide Association Studies, and we use it to reproduce a portion of the initial analysis performed on the well-known WTCCC dataset. Finally, we describe a computational system we are developing, aimed at assisting translational research. The system, based on the proposed model, will be able to automatically plan and perform knowledge discovery steps, to keep track of the inferences performed, and to explain the obtained results

Adaptive Time- and Process-Aware Information Systems

For the digitized enterprise the proper handling of the temporal aspects of its business processes is vital. Delivery times, appointments and deadlines must be met, processing times and durations be monitored, and optimization objectives shall be pursued. However, contemporary Process-Aware Information Systems (PAISs)--the go-to solution for the computer-aided support of business processes—still lack a sophisticated support of the time perspective. Hence, there is a high demand for a more profound support of temporal aspects in PAISs. Accordingly, both the specification and the operational support of temporal aspects constitute fundamental challenges for the further development and dissemination of PAISs. The aim of this thesis is to propose a framework for supporting the time perspective of business processes in PAISs. As PAISs enable the design, execution and evolution of business processes, the designated framework must support these three fundamental phases of the process life cycle. The ATAPIS framework proposed by this thesis essentially comprises three major com-ponents. First, a universal and comprehensive set of time patterns is provided. Respective time patterns represent temporal concepts commonly found in business processes and are based on empirical evidence. In particular, they provide a universal and comprehensive set of notions for describing temporal aspects in business processes. Moreover, a precise formal semantics for each of the time patterns is provided based on an in-depth analysis of a large set of real-world use cases. Respective formal semantics enable the proper integration of the time patterns into PAISs. In turn, the latter will allow for the specification of time-aware process schemas. Second, a generic framework for implementing the time patterns based on their formal semantics is developed. The framework and its techniques enable the verification of time-aware process schemas regarding their temporal consistency, i. e., their ability to be successfully executed without violating any of their temporal constraints. Subsequently, the framework is extended to consider advanced aspects like the contingent nature of activity durations and alternative execution paths as well. Moreover, an algorithm as well as techniques for executing and monitoring time-aware process instances in PAISs is provided. Based on the presented concepts, it becomes possible to ensure that a time-aware process instance may be executed without violating any of its temporal constraints. Third, a set of change operations for dynamically modifying time-aware process instances during run time is suggested. Respective change operations ensure that a modified time-aware process instance remains temporally consistent after the respective modification. Moreover, to reduce the complexity involved when applying multiple change operations a sophisticated approximation-based technique is presented. Overall, the developed change operations allow providing the flexibility required by business processes in practice. Altogether, the ATAPIS framework provides fundamental concepts, techniques and algorithms for integrating the time perspective into PAISs. As beauty of this framework the specification, execution and evolution of business processes is supported by an integrated approach

Innovation, skills development and labour: a European perspective

LSE Enterprise was approached by Microsoft, a software developer engaged in lobbying the European Commission and Parliament, to appoint an expert team of academic consultants to research and write a series of four reports on various aspects of innovation. Working with our nominated academic director, LSE Enterprise put together a strong research team, who continue to work closely with the client to deliver each of the reports to a standard suitable for consumption by top EU policy-makers, the client's industry sector, the press and the public. The reports are designed and printed professionally to ensure maximum quality and consistency across the series