1,687 research outputs found
Manifesto of computational social science
The increasing integration of technology into our lives has created unprecedented volumes of data on societyâs everyday behaviour. Such data opens up exciting new opportunities to work towards a quantitative understanding of our complex social systems, within the realms of a new discipline known as Computational Social Science. Against a background of financial crises, riots and international epidemics, the urgent need for a greater comprehension of the complexity of our interconnected global society and an ability to apply such insights in policy decisions is clear. This manifesto outlines the objectives of this new scientific direction, considering the challenges involved in it, and the extensive impact on science, technology and society that the success of this endeavour is likely to bring about
Manifesto of computational social science
The increasing integration of technology into our lives has created unprecedented volumes of data on society's everyday behaviour. Such data opens up exciting new opportunities to work towards a quantitative understanding of our complex social systems, within the realms of a new discipline known as Computational Social Science. Against a background of financial crises, riots and international epidemics, the urgent need for a greater comprehension of the complexity of our interconnected global society and an ability to apply such insights in policy decisions is clear. This manifesto outlines the objectives of this new scientific direction, considering the challenges involved in it, and the extensive impact on science, technology and society that the success of this endeavour is likely to bring about.The publication of this work was partially supported by the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007â2013) under grant agreement No. 284709, a Coordination and Support Action in the Information and Communication Technologies activity area (âFuturICTâ FET Flagship Pilot Project). We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for the insightful comments.Publicad
A survey on the evolution of the notion of context-awareness
The notion of Context has been considered for a long time in different areas of Computer Science. This article considers the use of context-based reasoning from the earlier perspective of AI as well as the newer developments in Ubiquitous Computing. Both communities have been somehow interested in the potential of context-reasoning to support real-time meaningful reactions from systems. We explain how the concept evolved in each of these different approaches. We found initially each of them considered this topic quite independently and separated from each other, however latest developments have started to show signs of cross-fertilization amongst these areas. The aim of our survey is to provide an understanding on the way context and context-reasoning were approached, to show that work in each area is complementary, and to highlight there are positive synergies arising amongst them. The overarching goal of this article is to encourage further and longer-term synergies between those interested in further understanding and using context-based reasoning
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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term âNetworked Mediaâ implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizensâ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications âon the moveâ, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
Knowledge Management in Organizations: Gateway to Sustainable Competitive Performance
The important role of knowledge management as a strategic resource in a competitive business environment cannot be overemphasized. Todayâs business is plagued with turbulence and stringent competition in the world market resulting in paradigmatic paralysis, and significant organizational changes that necessitate salient and innovative operational processes. For survival, organizations must monitor trends and adapt to both the external and internal environments, make changes in the form of innovation, improve operational processes, increase flexibility and adopt sustainable knowledge-creation activities. This study is qualitative. An in-depth review of literature was conducted across multiple online research databases, supported by accrued knowledge obtained from the authorâs long work experience in the field of knowledge management. This study has three objectives: The first is to provide an overview of knowledge management; the second is to highlight the role of knowledge management in supporting organizational goals and objectives; the third is to provide strategies and pathways to a successful implementation of knowledge management. The study argues and justifies why knowledge management practices should be adopted by management. Pathways to achieving organizational success have been designed. Major advantages of implementing knowledge management were elaborated. Findings reveal that for an organization to effectively implement knowledge management, and to achieve optimal organizational performance, attention must be paid to three key components: - people, processes, and technology. These components should liaise strategically, with knowledge creation, sharing, and application processes. The paper strongly recommends knowledge management as the key to sustainable organizational performance
A Systematic Literature Review of User Trust in AI-Enabled Systems: An HCI Perspective
User trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled systems has been
increasingly recognized and proven as a key element to fostering adoption. It
has been suggested that AI-enabled systems must go beyond technical-centric
approaches and towards embracing a more human centric approach, a core
principle of the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. This review aims to
provide an overview of the user trust definitions, influencing factors, and
measurement methods from 23 empirical studies to gather insight for future
technical and design strategies, research, and initiatives to calibrate the
user AI relationship. The findings confirm that there is more than one way to
define trust. Selecting the most appropriate trust definition to depict user
trust in a specific context should be the focus instead of comparing
definitions. User trust in AI-enabled systems is found to be influenced by
three main themes, namely socio-ethical considerations, technical and design
features, and user characteristics. User characteristics dominate the findings,
reinforcing the importance of user involvement from development through to
monitoring of AI enabled systems. In conclusion, user trust needs to be
addressed directly in every context where AI-enabled systems are being used or
discussed. In addition, calibrating the user-AI relationship requires finding
the optimal balance that works for not only the user but also the system
Distilling Privacy Requirements for Mobile Applications
As mobile computing applications have become commonplace, it is increasingly important for them to address end-usersâ privacy requirements. Privacy requirements depend on a number of contextual socio-cultural factors to which mobility adds another level of contextual variation. However, traditional requirements elicitation methods do not sufficiently account for contextual factors and therefore cannot be used effectively to represent and analyse the privacy requirements of mobile end users. On the other hand, methods that do investigate contextual factors tend to produce data that does not lend itself to the process of requirements extraction. To address this problem we have developed a Privacy Requirements Distillation approach that employs a problem analysis framework to extract and refine privacy requirements for mobile applications from raw data gathered through empirical studies involving end users. Our approach introduces privacy facets that capture patterns of privacy concerns which are matched against the raw data. We demonstrate and evaluate our approach using qualitative data from an empirical study of a mobile social networking application
Wearables at work:preferences from an employeeâs perspective
This exploratory study aims to obtain a first impression of the wishes and needs of employees on the use of wearables at work for health promotion. 76 employ-ees with a mean age of 40 years old (SD ±11.7) filled in a survey after trying out a wearable. Most employees see the potential of using wearable devices for workplace health promotion. However, according to employees, some negative aspects should be overcome before wearables can effectively contribute to health promotion. The most mentioned negative aspects were poor visualization and un-pleasantness of wearing. Specifically for the workplace, employees were con-cerned about the privacy of data collection
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