144 research outputs found

    Enriched Fell Bundles and Spaceoids

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    We propose a definition of involutive categorical bundle (Fell bundle) enriched in an involutive monoidal category and we argue that such a structure is a possible suitable environment for the formalization of different equivalent versions of spectral data for commutative C*-categories.Comment: 12 pages, AMS-LaTeX2e, to be published in "Proceedings of 2010 RIMS Thematic Year on Perspectives in Deformation Quantization and Noncommutative Geometry

    Balancing equity and efficiency in the Dutch basic benefits package using the principle of proportional shortfall

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    Economic evaluations are increasingly used to inform decisions regarding the allocation of scarce health care resources. To systematically incorporate societal preferences into these evaluations, quality-adjusted life year gains could be weighted according to some equity principle, the most suitable of which is a matter of frequent debate. While many countries still struggle with equity concerns for priority setting in health care, the Netherlands has reached a broad consensus to use the concept of proportional shortfall. Our study evaluates the concept and its support in the Dutch health care context. We discuss arguments in the Netherlands for using proportional shortfall and difficulties in transitioning from principle to practice. In doing so, we address universal issues leading to a systematic consideration of equity concerns for priority setting in health care. The article thus has relevance to all countries struggling with the formalization of equity concerns for priority setting

    The Changing Decision-Making Narratives in 25 Years of TEN-T Policies

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    This paper reviews changes in the role and practice of planners in the last 25 years of European policy on the Trans-European Network for Transport (TEN-T)., aiming at describing the role of technicians in the decision-making process, and their contribution to the consolidation of collaborative and transparent planning practices. The review highlights the driving forces that have use technical considerations to merely create a self-justifying narrative of a process dominated by the institutional stakeholders. The key aspects examined include (1) the respective roles of institutional decision makers (at EU and national levels), other stakeholders and the public; (2) the technical tools mobilized in the process; and (4) the evolution of the prevailing narratives, their rationale, the factual evidence behind them, and their capacity to build up consensus and to empower or to alienate key stakeholders. The TEN-T process was effectively captured by a coalition of EC and national transport services, as a means to claim more resources for transport infrastructure expansion. The coalition was backed by most of the transport stakeholders, in spite of some minor criticisms (on modal distribution?.), as a way to get access to public funding. The academic criticism has not resulted in any changes (although has produced some self-justifying reports from the EC); legal and institutional "windows" to strengthen the planning process have not resulted in more collaborative practices or enhanced review practices

    Valuing and Refining Outcome Measures for Economic Evaluations in Health Care

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    Valuing and Refining Outcome Measures for Economic Evaluations in Health Care

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    Interactive Proofs with Approximately Commuting Provers

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    The class MIP∗ of promise problems that can be decided through an interactive proof system with multiple entangled provers provides a complexity-theoretic framework for the exploration of the nonlocal properties of entanglement. Very little is known in terms of the power of this class. The only proposed approach for establishing upper bounds is based on a hierarchy of semidefinite programs introduced independently by Pironio et al. and Doherty et al. in 2006. This hierarchy converges to a value, the field-theoretic value, that is only known to coincide with the provers’ maximum success probability in a given proof system under a plausible but difficult mathematical conjecture, Connes’ embedding conjecture. No bounds on the rate of convergence are known. We introduce a rounding scheme for the hierarchy, establishing that any solution to its N -th level can be mapped to a strategy for the provers in which measurement operators associated with distinct provers have pairwise commutator bounded by O(ℓ^2/√N) in operator norm, where ℓ is the number of possible answers per prover. Our rounding scheme motivates the introduction of a variant of quantum multiprover interactive proof systems, called MIP∗_δ in which the soundness property is required to hold against provers allowed to operate on the same Hilbert space as long as the commutator of operations performed by distinct provers has norm at most δ. Our rounding scheme implies the upper bound MIP∗_δ ⊆ DTIME(exp(exp(poly)/δ^2)). In terms of lower bounds we establish that MIP∗_(2−poly) contains NEXP with completeness 1 and soundness 1−2^(−poly). We discuss connections with the mathematical literature on approximate commutation and applications to device-independent cryptography

    Генетична залежність між стійкістю до гіпоксії навантаження та результативністю спортсменів

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    У спортсменів підводного плавання гіпоксія виникає в результаті затримки дихання на фоні розвитку гіпоксії навантаження. При цьому дихальний центр, який дуже чутливий до змін газового складу крові, при затримці дихання, м’язовому напруженні і гіперкапнії, змінює природні регуляторні процеси. Також в організацію адаптивних реакцій на гіпоксичні та гіперкапничні стимули вірогідний вклад певних генів
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