VLADAVINA PRAVA I EKONOMSKA NUŽDA U “POSTDEMOKRATSKOM IZVRŠNOM FEDERALIZMU”: NEKA USTAVNA PITANJA EURO-KRIZE

The author analyzes EU’s response to the ongoing economic crisis, focusing on the problem of legislative and institutional fragmentation. She argues that the authoritarian crisis management – fueled by “crisis” discourse - subverted democratic accountability by its reliance on executive discretion and intergovernmentalism. Through an analysis of European Court of Justice’s case law as well as a close look at the exact workings and implications of European Central Bank’s ultra vires actions, she shows how Lisbon Treaty was sacrificed to the exigency of creating an Ersatz Union law more pliable to the immediate concerns of reforming the EMU. She holds that the intergovernmental instruments not only “unconstitutionally” requisitioned the involvement of EU institutions, but also established a political administration unresponsive to democratic accountability, damaging the legitimacy of the Union. The resulting subjugation of the political and social constitution to economic conditions threatens an abdication of law and undermines the integrity of the Union legal order.Autorica analizira odgovor Europske unije na još uvijek aktualnu ekonomsku krizu, usredotočujući se na problem zakonodavne i institucionalne fragmentacije. Tvrdi da autoritarno upravljanje krizom – poticano rječnikom „stanja nužde“ – podriva demokratsku odgovornost svojim oslanjanjem na izvršnu diskreciju i intergovernmentalizam. Kroz analizu jurisprudencije Suda Europske unije i uz pogled izbliza na točno funkcioniranje i implikacije ultra vires djelovanja Europske središnje banke, pokazuje kako je Lisabonski ugovor žrtvovan u ime nužde stvaranja Ersatz prava Unije, koje bolje odgovara neposrednim potrebama reformiranja Ekonomske i monetarne unije. Drži da su intergovernmentalni instrumenti ne samo “protuustavno” rekvirirali sudjelovanje institucija EU, već i da su naštetili legitimitetu Unije uspostavivši političku upravu netaknutu zahtjevima demokratske odgovornosti. Posljedično podčinjavanje političkog i socijalnog ustava onom ekonomskom dovodi do abdikacije prava i podrivanja integriteta pravnog poretka Unije

Evidence Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced to the best benefit of the patient. It has transformed the pathophysiological approach to the outcome approach of today's treatments. Disease-oriented to patient-oriented medicine. And, for some, daily medical practice from patient oriented to case oriented medicine. Evidence has changed the paternalistic way of medical practice. And gave room to patients, who show a tendency towards partnership. Although EBM has introduced a different way of thinking in the day to day medical practice, there is plenty of space for implementation and improvement. This book is meant to provoke the thinker towards the unlimited borders of caring for the patient

The integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering for safety-critical embedded systems

Although much work has been done on assessing safety requirements in programmable systems, one very important aspect, the integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering, has been somewhat neglected. This thesis describes the derivation and application of a methodology, HAZAPS (HAZard Assessment in Programmable Systems). The methodology assists at the requirements stage in the development of safety-critical embedded systems. The objectives are to identify hazards in programmable systems, construct and model the associated safety requirements, and, finally, to assess these requirements. HAZAPS integrates safety engineering and software modelling techniques. The analysis of more than 300 computer related incidents provided the criteria used to identify, select and modify safety engineering techniques. [Continues.

Performance Analysis of Live-Virtual-Constructive and Distributed Virtual Simulations: Defining Requirements in Terms of Temporal Consistency

This research extends the knowledge of live-virtual-constructive (LVC) and distributed virtual simulations (DVS) through a detailed analysis and characterization of their underlying computing architecture. LVCs are characterized as a set of asynchronous simulation applications each serving as both producers and consumers of shared state data. In terms of data aging characteristics, LVCs are found to be first-order linear systems. System performance is quantified via two opposing factors; the consistency of the distributed state space, and the response time or interaction quality of the autonomous simulation applications. A framework is developed that defines temporal data consistency requirements such that the objectives of the simulation are satisfied. Additionally, to develop simulations that reliably execute in real-time and accurately model hierarchical systems, two real-time design patterns are developed: a tailored version of the model-view-controller architecture pattern along with a companion Component pattern. Together they provide a basis for hierarchical simulation models, graphical displays, and network I/O in a real-time environment. For both LVCs and DVSs the relationship between consistency and interactivity is established by mapping threads created by a simulation application to factors that control both interactivity and shared state consistency throughout a distributed environment

GEANT4 : a simulation toolkit

Abstract Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics. PACS: 07.05.Tp; 13; 2

MSFC Skylab Multiple Docking Adapter, Volume 2

For abstract, see N74-26328

THE IMPACT OF IMPLICIT MOTIVES ON THE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS DECISION MAKING PROCESS

To sum up, this research presents various novelties and significant contributions to knowledge. First time a complete coding and decoding process in a B2B decision making situation in a controlled environment was done. The coding and decoding procedure was based on a setup with relevant factors like colours and contrast, form and design and different surfaces and look of materials. The novelty of the research is that there is clear evidence for a limited role of rational decision making in the business to business decision making process. From the perspective of the homo economicus clear non-rational drivers were identified. The hypotheses about the interplay of implicit motives and business to business decision making could be confirmed in personal, management and group decisions. In addition, marketing experts emphasised the importance and potential impacts for future business to business marketing.Abstract THE IMPACT OF IMPLICIT MOTIVES ON THE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS DECISION MAKING PROCESS Christian Chlupsa The purpose of this thesis is to understand how implicit processes determine individual and organisational behaviour in the context of business to business (B2B) decision making. A broad literature review suggests that implicit cognition has a significantly more powerful influence than therefore assumed. The author calls for further research into the motivations driving professional behaviour in B2B situations as new study challenges the classical economic theory of the homo economicus, and focuses on the role of implicit motives as a possible driver. As a first objective, the study attempts to reveal a typical structure of implicit motives based on hierarchy and gender. The second objective is to delineate the interplay between the implicit motives and the decision making process in B2B. The third objective is to examine the consequences and implications for business to business marketing. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary mixed method approach. To address the gaps in existing knowledge, an experiment and a survey (n=175) in different sectors were conducted. For the analysis, a variety of techniques such as operant motive tests, cluster- and multivariate analysis were employed to analyse the empirical response. Semi-structured qualitative in-depth interviews (n=8) were carried out to detect the consequences and the implications of the new findings for practice. The findings of the research indicate that marketing is much more a selective communication as assumed. The impact of marketing communication is not always consciously perceived by customers and the most part is implicit. In conclusion, there seems to be an interplay between implicit motives and the B2B decision making process. Hypotheses about the interplay of implicit motives and business to business decision making were confirmed in personal, management and group decision experiments. As a contribution to existing theory on the subject, it can be postulated that rational choice in B2B decision making may play a limited role. In addition marketing experts from various industry sectors emphasise the importance and the potential impacts for future B2B marketing. Experts stress the need to reveal the real motivational drivers in marketing communication

Analyysi Euroopan Keskuspankin pääjohtajista : kuinka EKP:n rahapolitiikka on muuttunut ja mikä rooli pääjohtajilla on Euroalueen tulevaisuuden muokkaamisessa?

This thesis aims at researching the recent history of the EMU and the monetary policy shift of the ECB in addition to its presidents roles in shaping the economy. This thesis will provide background information on the economic constitution of the EMU and how it has transformed over the course of Euro crisis and the years after. Additionally, the monetary policy actions of the ECB amongst Euro crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic will be studied. I argue that by transitioning to an expansionary monetary policy earlier than originally happened, some of the more severe economic impacts of the Euro crisis could have been prevented and it would not have led to a lost decade for the growth of the Eurozone. Additionally, I argue that the central bankers' implications for molding our future is enormous as it is clear that market actors react to their statements. My research questions are as follows: What problems or flaws have been identified within the EMU and how could they be improved? What are the presidents’ implications and effects on influencing the economy? Furthermore, how has the shift of the ECB monetary policy from hawks to doves happened over the years? This thesis utilizes critical discourse analysis in researching the materials, which comprise of the presidents annual hearings before the Plenary of the European Parliament, with the exclusion of the last nominated president as she has only been through one. In her case, quarterly Economic and Monetary Committee hearings will be utilized. The key findings suggest that the ECB presidents have viewed the EMU flawed and have emphasized the completion of the union as too much responsibility has been left for the ECB. The call for more fiscal capacity is repetitive for all three presidents. Furthermore, this research also suggests that the shift from hawks to doves happened because no other way was seen. Additionally, the roles of central bankers have been heightened during the recent history and it shows that they have a great influence on the economy based on the reactions by the market actors and the public