30 research outputs found
Artificial Collective Intelligence Engineering: a Survey of Concepts and Perspectives
Collectiveness is an important property of many systems--both natural and
artificial. By exploiting a large number of individuals, it is often possible
to produce effects that go far beyond the capabilities of the smartest
individuals, or even to produce intelligent collective behaviour out of
not-so-intelligent individuals. Indeed, collective intelligence, namely the
capability of a group to act collectively in a seemingly intelligent way, is
increasingly often a design goal of engineered computational systems--motivated
by recent techno-scientific trends like the Internet of Things, swarm robotics,
and crowd computing, just to name a few. For several years, the collective
intelligence observed in natural and artificial systems has served as a source
of inspiration for engineering ideas, models, and mechanisms. Today, artificial
and computational collective intelligence are recognised research topics,
spanning various techniques, kinds of target systems, and application domains.
However, there is still a lot of fragmentation in the research panorama of the
topic within computer science, and the verticality of most communities and
contributions makes it difficult to extract the core underlying ideas and
frames of reference. The challenge is to identify, place in a common structure,
and ultimately connect the different areas and methods addressing intelligent
collectives. To address this gap, this paper considers a set of broad scoping
questions providing a map of collective intelligence research, mostly by the
point of view of computer scientists and engineers. Accordingly, it covers
preliminary notions, fundamental concepts, and the main research perspectives,
identifying opportunities and challenges for researchers on artificial and
computational collective intelligence engineering.Comment: This is the author's final version of the article, accepted for
publication in the Artificial Life journal. Data: 34 pages, 2 figure
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A survey on cyber risk management for the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow at a rapid pace, becoming integrated into the daily operations of individuals and organisations. IoT systems automate crucial services within daily life that users may rely on, which makes the assurance of security towards entities such as devices and information even more significant. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of papers that model cyber risk management processes within the context of IoT, and provide recommendations for further work. Using 39 collected papers, we studied IoT cyber risk management frameworks against four research questions that delve into cyber risk management concepts and human-orientated vulnerabilities. The importance of this work being human-driven is to better understand how individuals can affect risk and the ways that humans can be impacted by attacks within different IoT domains. Through the analysis, we identified open areas for future research and ideas that researchers should consider
History of Construction Cultures Volume 2
Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world
Session Kotlin: A hybrid session type embedding in Kotlin
Concurrency and distribution have become essential for building modern applications.
However, developing and maintaining these apps is not an easy task. Communication
errors are a common source of problems: unexpected messages cause runtime errors, and
mutual dependencies lead to deadlocks. To address these issues, developers can define
communication protocols that detail the structure and order of the transmitted messages,
but maintaining protocol fidelity can be complex if carried out manually. Session types
formalize this concept by materializing the communication protocol as a type that can be
enforced by the language’s type system. In this thesis we present the first embedding of
session types in Kotlin: we propose a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for multiparty ses-
sion types that lets developers write safe concurrent applications, with built-in validation
and integrating code generation in the language’s framework.A concorrência e a distribuição têm-se tornado essenciais na construção de aplicações
modernas. No entanto, desenvolver e manter estas aplicações não é tarefa fácil. Erros de
comunicação são uma fonte comum de problemas: mensagens inesperadas causam erros
durante a execução de código, e dependências mútuas levam a deadlocks. Para resolver
estas questões, é tipico definir protocolos de comunicação que detalham a estrutura e a
ordem das mensagens transmitidas, mas garantir o seu cumprimento pode ser complexo
se feito manualmente. Os tipos de sessão formalizam este conceito ao materializar o
protocolo de comunicação como um tipo que pode ser gerido pelo sistema de tipos da
linguagem. Nesta tese apresentamos o primeiro embedding de tipos de sessão em Kotlin:
propomos uma Linguagem de DomÃnio EspecÃfica para tipos de sessão com múltiplos
participantes que permite aos programadores a escrita de aplicações concorrentes seguras,
incorporando validação e integrando a geração de código no framework da linguagem
A decentralized analysis of multiparty protocols
Protocols provide the unifying glue in concurrent and distributed software today; verifying that message-passing programs conform to such governing protocols is important but difficult. Static approaches based on multiparty session types (MPST) use protocols as types to avoid protocol violations and deadlocks in programs. An elusive problem for MPST is to ensure both protocol conformance and deadlock-freedom for implementations with interleaved and delegated protocols. We propose a decentralized analysis of multiparty protocols, specified as global types and implemented as interacting processes in an asynchronous π-calculus. Our solution rests upon two novel notions: router processes and relative types. While router processes use the global type to enable the composition of participant implementations in arbitrary process networks, relative types extract from the global type the intended interactions and dependencies between pairs of participants. In our analysis, processes are typed using APCP, a type system that ensures protocol conformance and deadlock-freedom with respect to binary protocols, developed in prior work. Our decentralized, router-based analysis enables the sound and complete transference of protocol conformance and deadlock-freedom from APCP to multiparty protocols
Asynchronous session subtyping as communicating automata refinement
International audienceWe study the relationship between session types and behavioural contracts, representing Communicating Finite State Machines (CFSMs), under the assumption that processes communicate asynchronously. Session types represent a syntax-based approach for the description of communication protocols, while behavioural contracts, formally expressing CFSMs, follow an operational approach. We show the existence of a fully abstract interpretation of session types into a fragment of contracts that maps session subtyping into binary compliance-preserving CFSMs/behavioural contract refinement. In this way, on the one hand, we enrich the theory of session types with an operational characterization and, on the other hand, we use recent undecidability results for asynchronous session subtyping to obtain an original undecidability result for asynchronous CFSMs/behavioural contract refinement
A Decentralized Analysis of Multiparty Protocols
Protocols provide the unifying glue in concurrent and distributed software
today; verifying that message-passing programs conform to such governing
protocols is important but difficult. Static approaches based on multiparty
session types (MPST) use protocols as types to avoid protocol violations and
deadlocks in programs. An elusive problem for MPST is to ensure both protocol
conformance and deadlock freedom for implementations with interleaved and
delegated protocols.
We propose a decentralized analysis of multiparty protocols, specified as
global types and implemented as interacting processes in an asynchronous
-calculus. Our solution rests upon two novel notions: router processes and
relative types. While router processes use the global type to enable the
composition of participant implementations in arbitrary process networks,
relative types extract from the global type the intended interactions and
dependencies between pairs of participants. In our analysis, processes are
typed using APCP, a type system that ensures protocol conformance and deadlock
freedom with respect to binary protocols, developed in prior work. Our
decentralized, router-based analysis enables the sound and complete
transference of protocol conformance and deadlock freedom from APCP to
multiparty protocols.Comment: revision following anonymous review
Session-based concurrency: between operational and declarative views
Communication-based software is ubiquitous nowadays. From e-banking to e-shopping, online activities often involve message exchanges between software components. These interactions are often governed by protocols that explicitly describe the sequences of communication actions that should be executed by each component. Crucially, these protocols are not isolated from a program’s context: external conditions such as timing constraints or exceptional events that occur during execution can affect message exchanges. As an additional difficulty, individual components are typically developed in different programming languages. In this setting, certifying that a program conforms to its intended protocols is challenging. A widely studied program verification technique uses behavioral type systems, which exploit abstract representations of these protocols to check that the program executes communication actions as intended. Unfortunately, the abstractions offered by behavioral type systems may neglect the influence that external conditions have on the program. This thesis addresses this issue by considering programming languages with declarative features, in which the governing conditions of the program can be adequately described. Our work develops correct translations between programming languages to show that languages with declarative features can indeed articulate a unified view of communication-based programs. Specifically, these translations demonstrate that the operational features of communication-based programs can be correctly represented by languages with declarative features. An additional contribution is a hybrid language that combines the best of both worlds, enabling the analysis of operational and declarative features in communication-based programs