86 research outputs found
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Dynamic wireless mobile framework for distributed collaborative real-time information generation and control systems
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have only recently discovered the exciting possibilities in the nomadic and ubiquitous computing space to build a new generation of information systems by allowing the vehicle to act both as a carrier and consumer of wireless (and thus omnipresent) information. Wide deployment of such ITS systems may eventually allow for more dynamic and efficient transportation systems, which can contribute in several ways towards greater economic growth whilst respecting environmental sustainability. A great number of researchers have dedicated considerable time and resources to tackling traffic related issues by utilising the new wireless capabilities enabled by ITS; such initiatives cover a wide range of applications such as safety, knowledge sharing and infotainment. Indicative of the extent of such efforts is the plethora of research projects initiated by many national and multi-national organisations such as the EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development. To achieve their goals, proposed solutions from such organisations depend on the development and deployment of intelligent wireless mobile communication systems, where data dissemination issues make the prospect of efficient and effective communication a challenging proposition. Presently, Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure communications are two distinct avenues that make possible efficient and reliable delivery of messages via direct radio links in traffic areas. In all cases, high quality of communication performance is desirable for a communication system composed mostly of roaming participants; such a system needs to be dynamic, flexible and infrastructure-less. Consequently, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)-based networks are a natural fit to ITS
Situational Awareness Enhancement for Connected and Automated Vehicle Systems
Recent developments in the area of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) have boosted the interest in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). While ITS is intended to resolve and mitigate serious traffic issues such as passenger and pedestrian fatalities, accidents, and traffic congestion; these goals are only achievable by vehicles that are fully aware of their situation and surroundings in real-time. Therefore, connected and automated vehicle systems heavily rely on communication technologies to create a real-time map of their surrounding environment and extend their range of situational awareness. In this dissertation, we propose novel approaches to enhance situational awareness, its applications, and effective sharing of information among vehicles.;The communication technology for CAVs is known as vehicle-to-everything (V2x) communication, in which vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) have been targeted for the first round of deployment based on dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) devices for vehicles and road-side transportation infrastructures. Wireless communication among these entities creates self-organizing networks, known as Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). Due to the mobile, rapidly changing, and intrinsically error-prone nature of VANETs, traditional network architectures are generally unsatisfactory to address VANETs fundamental performance requirements. Therefore, we first investigate imperfections of the vehicular communication channel and propose a new modeling scheme for large-scale and small-scale components of the communication channel in dense vehicular networks. Subsequently, we introduce an innovative method for a joint modeling of the situational awareness and networking components of CAVs in a single framework. Based on these two models, we propose a novel network-aware broadcast protocol for fast broadcasting of information over multiple hops to extend the range of situational awareness. Afterward, motivated by the most common and injury-prone pedestrian crash scenarios, we extend our work by proposing an end-to-end Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) framework to provide situational awareness and hazard detection for vulnerable road users. Finally, as humans are the most spontaneous and influential entity for transportation systems, we design a learning-based driver behavior model and integrate it into our situational awareness component. Consequently, higher accuracy of situational awareness and overall system performance are achieved by exchange of more useful information
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Intelligent and bandwidth-efficient medium access control protocols for IEEE 802.11p-based Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology aims to enable safer and more sophisticated transportation via the spontaneous formation of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). This type of wireless networks allows the exchange of kinematic and other data among vehicles, for the primary purpose of safer and more efficient driving, as well as efficient traffic management and other third-party services. Their infrastructure-less, unbounded nature allows the formation of dense networks that present a channel sharing issue, which is harder to tackle than in conventional WLANs.
This thesis focuses on optimising channel access strategies, which is important for the efficient usage of the available wireless bandwidth and the successful deployment of VANETs. To start with, the default channel access control method for V2V is evaluated hardware via modifying the appropriate wireless interface Linux driver to enable finer on-the-fly control of IEEE 802.11p access control layer parameters. More complex channel sharing scenarios are evaluated via simulations and findings on the behaviour of the access control mechanism are presented. A complete channel sharing efficiency assessment is conducted, including throughput, fairness and latency measurements. A new IEEE 802.11p-compatible Q-Learning-based access control approach that improves upon the studied protocol is presented. The stations feature algorithms that “learn” how to act optimally in VANETs in order to maximise their achieved packet delivery and minimise bandwidth wastage. The feasibility of Q-Learning to be used as the base of selflearning protocols for IEEE 802.11p-based V2V communication access control in dense environments is investigated in terms of parameter tuning, necessary time of exploration, achieving latency requirements, scaling, multi-hop and accommodation of simultaneous applications. Additionally, the novel Collection Contention Estimation (CCE) mechanism for Q-Learning-based access control is presented. By embedding it on the Q-Learning agents, faster convergence, higher throughput, better service separation and short-term fairness are achieved in simulated network deployments.
The acquired new insights on the network performance of the proposed algorithms can provide precise guidelines for efficient designs of practical, reliable, fair and ultra-low latency V2V communication systems for dense topologies. These results can potentially have an impact across a range of related areas, including various types of wireless networks and resource allocation for these, network protocol and transceiver design as well as QLearning applicability and considerations for correct use
Improving Vehicular ad hoc Network Protocols to Support Safety Applications in Realistic Scenarios
La convergencia de las telecomunicaciones, la informática, la tecnologĂa inalámbrica y los sistemas de transporte, va a facilitar que nuestras carreteras y autopistas nos sirvan tanto como plataforma de transporte, como de comunicaciones. Estos cambios van a revolucionar completamente cĂłmo y cuándo vamos a acceder a determinados servicios, comunicarnos, viajar, entretenernos, y navegar, en un futuro muy cercano. Las redes vehiculares ad hoc (vehicular ad hoc networks VANETs) son redes de comunicaciĂłn inalámbricas que no requieren de ningĂşn tipo de infraestructura, y que permiten la comunicaciĂłn y conducciĂłn cooperativa entre los vehĂculos en la carretera. Los vehĂculos actĂşan como nodos de comunicaciĂłn y transmisores, formando redes dinámicas junto a otros vehĂculos cercanos en entornos urbanos y autopistas.
Las caracterĂsticas especiales de las redes vehiculares favorecen el desarrollo de servicios y aplicaciones atractivas y desafiantes. En esta tesis nos centramos en las aplicaciones relacionadas con la seguridad. EspecĂficamente, desarrollamos y evaluamos un novedoso protocol que mejora la seguridad en las carreteras. Nuestra propuesta combina el uso de informaciĂłn de la localizaciĂłn de los vehĂculos y las caracterĂsticas del mapa del escenario, para mejorar la diseminaciĂłn de los mensajes de alerta. En las aplicaciones de seguridad para redes vehiculares, nuestra propuesta permite reducir el problema de las tormentas de difusiĂłn, mientras que se mantiene una alta efectividad en la diseminaciĂłn de los mensajes hacia los vehĂculos cercanos.
Debido a que desplegar y evaluar redes VANET supone un gran coste y una tarea dura, la metodologĂa basada en la simulaciĂłn se muestra como una metodologĂa alternativa a la implementaciĂłn real. A diferencia de otros trabajos previos, con el fin de evaluar nuestra propuesta en un entorno realista, en nuestras simulaciones tenemos muy en cuenta tanto la movilidad de los vehĂculos, como la transmisiĂłn de radio en entornos urbanos, especialmente cuando los edificios interfieren en la
propagación de la señal de radio. Con este propósito, desarrollamos herramientas
para la simulaciĂłn de VANETs más precisas y realistas, mejorando tanto la modelizaciĂłn de la propagaciĂłn de radio, como la movilidad de los vehĂculos, obteniendo
una soluciĂłn que permite integrar mapas reales en el entorno de simulaciĂłn. Finalmente,
evaluamos las prestaciones de nuestro protocolo propuesto haciendo uso
de nuestra plataforma de simulaciĂłn mejorada, evidenciando la importancia del
uso de un entorno de simulación adecuado para conseguir resultados más realistas
y poder obtener conclusiones más significativas.MartĂnez DomĂnguez, FJ. (2010). Improving Vehicular ad hoc Network Protocols to Support Safety Applications in Realistic Scenarios [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/9195Palanci
Design and Evaluation of a Traffic Safety System based on Vehicular Networks for the Next Generation of Intelligent Vehicles
La integraciĂłn de las tecnologĂas de las telecomunicaciones en el sector del automĂłvil permitirá a los vehĂculos intercambiar informaciĂłn mediante Redes Vehiculares, ofreciendo numerosas posibilidades. Esta tesis se centra en la mejora de la seguridad vial y la reducciĂłn de la siniestralidad mediante Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS). El primer paso consiste en obtener una difusiĂłn eficiente de los mensajes de advertencia sobre situaciones potencialmente peligrosas. Hemos desarrollado un marco para simular el intercambio de mensajes entre vehĂculos, utilizado para proponer esquemas eficientes de difusiĂłn. TambiĂ©n demostramos que la disposiciĂłn de las calles tiene gran influencia sobre la eficiencia del proceso. Nuestros algoritmos de difusiĂłn son parte de una arquitectura más amplia (e-NOTIFY) capaz de detectar accidentes de tráfico e informar a los servicios de emergencia. El desarrollo y evaluaciĂłn de un prototipo demostrĂł la viabilidad del sistema y cĂłmo podrĂa ayudar a reducir el nĂşmero de vĂctimas en carretera
Design and evaluation of safety-critical applications based on inter-vehicle communication
Inter-vehicle communication has a potential to improve road traffic safety and efficiency. Technical feasibility of communication between vehicles has been extensively studied, but due to the scarcity of application-level research, communication\u27s impact on the road traffic is still unclear. This thesis addresses this uncertainty by designing and evaluating two fail-safe applications, namely, Rear-End Collision Avoidance and Virtual Traffic Lights
Wireless Networking for Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication and Automatic Incident Detection
Vehicular wireless communication has recently generated wide interest in the area of wireless network research. Automatic Incident Detection (AID), which is the recent focus of research direction in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), aims to increase road safety. These advances in technology enable traffic systems to use data collected from vehicles on the road to detect incidents. We develop an automatic incident detection method that has a significant active road safety application for alerting drivers about incidents and congestion. Our method for detecting traffic incidents in a highway scenario is based on the use of distance and time for changing lanes along with the vehicle speed change over time. Numerical results obtained from simulating our automatic incident detection technique suggest that our incident detection rate is higher than that of other techniques such as integrated technique. probabilistic technique and California Algorithm. We also propose a technique to maximize the number of vehicles aware of Road Side Units (RSUs) in order to enhance the accuracy of our AID technique. In our proposed Method. IEEE 802.11 standard is used at RSUs with multiple antennas to assign each lane a specific channel. To validate our proposed approach. we present both analytical and simulation scenarios. The empirical values which are obtained from both analytical and simulation results have been compared to show their consistency. Results indicate that the IEEE 802.11 standard with its beaconing mechanism can be successfully used for Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications
A comprehensive survey of V2X cybersecurity mechanisms and future research paths
Recent advancements in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication have notably improved existing transport systems by enabling increased connectivity and driving autonomy levels. The remarkable benefits of V2X connectivity come inadvertently with challenges which involve security vulnerabilities and breaches. Addressing security concerns is essential for seamless and safe operation of mission-critical V2X use cases. This paper surveys current literature on V2X security and provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the most relevant security enhancements to date. An in-depth classification of V2X attacks is first performed according to key security and privacy requirements. Our methodology resumes with a taxonomy of security mechanisms based on their proactive/reactive defensive approach, which helps identify strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art countermeasures for V2X attacks. In addition, this paper delves into the potential of emerging security approaches leveraging artificial intelligence tools to meet security objectives. Promising data-driven solutions tailored to tackle security, privacy and trust issues are thoroughly discussed along with new threat vectors introduced inevitably by these enablers. The lessons learned from the detailed review of existing works are also compiled and highlighted. We conclude this survey with a structured synthesis of open challenges and future research directions to foster contributions in this prominent field.This work is supported by the H2020-INSPIRE-5Gplus project (under Grant agreement No. 871808), the ”Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformacion Digital” and the European Union-NextGenerationEU in the frameworks of the ”Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia” and of the ”Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia” under references TSI-063000-2021-39/40/41, and the CHIST-ERA-17-BDSI-003 FIREMAN project funded by the Spanish National Foundation (Grant PCI2019-103780).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
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