A review of the use of artificial intelligence methods in infrastructure systems

The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution offers significant opportunities to capitalise on the growth of digitalisation and has the potential to enable the ‘system of systems’ approach required in increasingly complex infrastructure systems. This paper reviews the extent to which research in economic infrastructure sectors has engaged with fields of AI, to investigate the specific AI methods chosen and the purposes to which they have been applied both within and across sectors. Machine learning is found to dominate the research in this field, with methods such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and random forests among the most popular. The automated reasoning technique of fuzzy logic has also seen widespread use, due to its ability to incorporate uncertainties in input variables. Across the infrastructure sectors of energy, water and wastewater, transport, and telecommunications, the main purposes to which AI has been applied are network provision, forecasting, routing, maintenance and security, and network quality management. The data-driven nature of AI offers significant flexibility, and work has been conducted across a range of network sizes and at different temporal and geographic scales. However, there remains a lack of integration of planning and policy concerns, such as stakeholder engagement and quantitative feasibility assessment, and the majority of research focuses on a specific type of infrastructure, with an absence of work beyond individual economic sectors. To enable solutions to be implemented into real-world infrastructure systems, research will need to move away from a siloed perspective and adopt a more interdisciplinary perspective that considers the increasing interconnectedness of these systems

Fuzzy Sets Applications in Civil Engineering Basic Areas

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. This paper presents some Fuzzy Logic (FL) applications in civil engeering discipline and shows the potential of facilities of FL in this area. The potential role of fuzzy sets in analysing system and human uncertainty is investigated in the paper. The main finding of this inquiry is FL applications used in different areas of civil engeering discipline with success. Once developed, the fuzzy logic models can be used for further monitoring activities, as a management tool

Highway accident number estimation in Turkey with Jaya algorithm

In the transportation sector in Turkey, approximately 90% of cargo and passenger transportation is carried out on highways. In recent years, increasing population and welfare levels have brought along an increase in demand for and intensity of highway use. Accidents experienced along with the increased intensity in the use of highways result in fatalities and loss of property. In order to minimize such losses on the highways and determine plans and programs for the future by benefiting from historical data, it is necessary to conduct accurate, consistent, effective, and reliable accident estimations. In the study, highway accident number estimation (HANE) in Turkey was made by using the meta-heuristic Jaya optimization algorithm. For HANE, Jaya linear (Jaya-L) and Jaya Quadratic (Jaya-Q) models were proposed. Indicators such as the number of accidents that occurred between 2002 and 2018, population, gross domestic product (GDP), total divided road length (TDRL), and the number of vehicles were taken for HANE. Indicators were analyzed for four different conditions. HANE was made by using Population–GDP–TDRL–Number of Vehicle indicators together. A total of 75% of the total 17-year data between 2002 and 2018 were used for training purposes, and 25% of the data were used for testing. The results of the proposed Jaya-L and Jaya-Q models were analyzed by comparing them with the Andreassen estimation model (AEM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods. Following the successful training and testing results, low, expected, and high scenarios were proposed, and the number of accidents between 2019 and 2030 was estimated. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature

A multi-agent Framework for dynamic traffic management Considering Priority Link

To favor emergency vehicles, promote collective modes of transport in Moroccan cities, we propose in this paper a control system to manage traffic at signalized intersections with priority links in urban settings. This system combines multi-agent technology and fuzzy logic to regulate traffic flows. The traffic system flow is divided into two types of vehicles; priority and regular vehicles. The regular vehicles can use only the regular links, while the priority vehicles may use both priority and the regular links. This approach aims to favor emergency vehicles and promote collective modes of transport, it acts on the traffic light phases length and order to control all traffic flows. We proposed a decentralized system of regulation based on real-time monitoring to develop a local inter-section state, and intelligent coordination between neighboring intersections to build an overview of the traffic state. The regulation and prioritization decisions are made through cooperation, communication, and coordination between different agents. The performance of the proposed system is investigated and instantiated in ANYLOGIC simulator, using a section of the Marrakesh road network that contains priority links. The results indicate that the designed system can significantly develop the efficiency of the traffic regulation system

Natural and Technological Hazards in Urban Areas

Natural hazard events and technological accidents are separate causes of environmental impacts. Natural hazards are physical phenomena active in geological times, whereas technological hazards result from actions or facilities created by humans. In our time, combined natural and man-made hazards have been induced. Overpopulation and urban development in areas prone to natural hazards increase the impact of natural disasters worldwide. Additionally, urban areas are frequently characterized by intense industrial activity and rapid, poorly planned growth that threatens the environment and degrades the quality of life. Therefore, proper urban planning is crucial to minimize fatalities and reduce the environmental and economic impacts that accompany both natural and technological hazardous events

Evaluation of machine learning algorithms as predictive tools in road safety analysis

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM)’s road safety management process (RSMP) represents the state-of-the-practice procedure that transportation professionals employ to monitor and improve safety on existing roadway sites. RSMP requires the development of safety performance functions (SPFs), which are the key regression tools in the Highway Safety Manual’s RSMP used to predict crash frequency given a set of roadway and traffic factors. Although developing SPFs using traditional regression modeling have been proven to be reliable tools for road safety predictive analytics, some limitations and constraints have been highlighted in the literature, such as the assumption of a probability distribution, selection of a pre-defined functional form, a possible correlation between independent variables, and possible transferability issues. An alternative to traditional regression models as predictive tools is the use of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Although ML provides a new modeling technique, it still has made-in assumptions and their performance in collision frequency modeling needs to be studied. This research 1) compares the prediction performance of three well-known ML algorithms, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF), to traditional SPFs, 2) conducts sensitivity analysis and compare ML with the functional form of the negative binomial (NB) model as default traditional regression modeling technique, and 3) applies and validates ML algorithms in network screening (hotspot identification), which is the first step in the RSMP. To achieve these objectives, a dataset of urban signalized and unsignalized intersections from two major municipalities in Saskatchewan (Canada) were considered as a case study. The results showed that the ML prediction accuracies are comparable with that of the NB model. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis proved that ML algorithms predictions are mostly affected by changes in traffic volume, rather than other roadway factors. Lastly, the ML-based measure consistency in identifying hotspots appeared to be comparable to SPF-based measures, e.g., the excess (predicted and expected) average crash frequency. Overall, the results of this research support the use of ML as a predictive tool in network screening, which provides transportation practitioners with an alternative modeling approach to identify collision-prone locations where countermeasures aimed at reducing collision frequency at urban intersections can be installed

Prospects for Research in Transport and Logistics on a Regional: Global Perspective (I: February 2009: İstanbul: Turkey)

"International Conference on Prospects for Research in Transport and Logistics on a Global - Regional Perspective" has undertaken the challenge to host very important experts and practitioners of Transport and Logistics from a large spectrum of countries. In our opinion, the conference has fulfilled the purpose of establishing an International Society; "Eurasian and Eastern Mediterranean Institute of Transportation and Logistics Association (EMIT)" that is expected to have a very promising role in the Eurasian and Eastern Mediterranean countries. The purpose of the Association is to contribute to establishing and developing the exchange of research work between all parts of the world in all fields of transportation and logistics. This proceedings book consists of 13 chapters, grouping the contributed papers into the following categories: Global Issues in Logistics and Transportation (3 papers), Regional Issues in Logistics and Transportation (2 papers), Education and Training in Logistics and Transportation (2 papers), Supply Chain Management (3 papers), Sustainable Transport Policies, Traffic Engineering (4 papers), Evaluation of Public Policies, Network Models and Environment (4 papers), Contemporary Topics in Transport and Logistics (7 papers), Transport Planning and Economics (3 papers), Planning, Operations, Management and Control of Transport and Logistics (3 papers), Transport Modeling (5 papers), Freight Transportation and Logistics Management (7 papers), Transport and Land Use (3 papers), Transport Infrastructure and Investment Appraisal (2 papers) It can be readily seen from this volume of selected papers that all papers do elaborate on rather timely problems in the fields of expertise related to Transport and Logistics, which have a considerable global importance.TÜBİTAK; Doğuş Üniversitesi ; Uluslararası Nakliyeciler Derneği ; İDO ; Tırsan ; Türk Hava YollarıCommittees, i -- Words of Welcome and Gratitude, ii -- Introduction, iii -- Chapter 1 Global Issues in Logistics and Transportation, 1 -- Potential to Reduce GHG through Efficient Logistic Concepts, 3 -- Werner Rothengatter -- A methodological framework for the evaluation and prioritisation of multinational transport projects: the Case of euro-asian transport linkages, 21 / Dimitrios TSAMBOULAS, Angeliki KOPSACHEILI -- Container port throughput performance - case study: Far east, north west european and mediterranean ports, 29 / Vesna DRAGOVIC-RADINOVIC, Branislav DRAGOVIC, Maja SKURIC, EmirĞIKMIROVlC and Ivan KRAPOVIC -- Chapter 2 Regional Issues in Logistics and Transportation, 35 -- Logistics service providers in turkey: A panel data analysis, 37 / Emel AKTAŞ, Füsun ÜLENGİN, Berrin AĞARAN, Şule ÖNSEL -- Milestones in the process of survey preparation for the logistics sector: case study for Istanbul, Turkey, 43 / Evren POSACI, Darçın AKIN -- Chapter 3 Education and Training in Logistics and Transportation, 51 -- Education in transport and logistics in an age of global economy, 53 / Yücel Candemlr -- The role of education and training in the supply chain sector, 59 / David Maunder -- Chapter 4 Supply Chain Management, 64 -- Modeling reverse flows in a closed -loop supply chain network, 67 / Vildan ÖZKIR, Önder ÖNDEMİR and Hüseyin BAŞLIGİL -- Strategic analysis of green supply chain management practices in T urkish automotive industry, 73 / Gülçin BÜYÜKÖZKAN and Alişan ÇAPAN -- A new framework for port competitiveness: the network approach, 79 / Marcella DE MARTINO, Alfonso MORVILLO -- Chapter 5 Sustainable Transport Policies, Traffic Engineering, 87 -- Clean transport: innovative solutions to the creation of a more sustainable urban transport system, 89 / Ela BABALIK-SUTCLIFFE -- Effects of urban bottlenecks on highway traffic congestion: case study of Istanbul, Turkey, 95 / Darçın AKIN and Mehtap ÇELİK -- Establishing an effective training module for IMDG code in MET institutions, 105 / Kadir CICEK, Metin CELIK -- An investment decision aid proposal towards choice of container terminal operating systems based on information axioms, 109 / Metin CELIK, Selcuk CEBI -- Chapter 6 Evaluation of Public Policies, Network Models and Environment, 115 -- Possibilistic linear programming approach for strategic resource planning, 117 / Özgür KABAK, Füsun ÜLENGİN -- A structural equation model for measuring service quality in passenger transportation, 125 / G.Nilay YÜCENUR and Nihan ÇETİN DEMİREL -- Analysis of potential gain from using hybrid vehicles in public transportation, 133 / İrem DÜZDAR and Özay ÖZAYDIN -- Optimization of e-waste management in Marmara region - Turkey, 141 / İlke BEREKETLİ, Müjde EROL GENEVOIS -- Chapter 7 Contemporary Topics in Transport and Logistics, 147 -- Future prospects on urban logistic research, 149 / Rosârio MACÂRIO, Vasco REIS -- An analyze of relationship between container ships and ports development, 155 / Branislav DRAGOVIC, Vesna Dragovic-Radinovic, Dusanka Jovovic, Romeo Mestrovic and Emir Ğikmirovic -- A holistic framework for performance measurement in logistics management, 161 / Yasemin Claire ERENSAL -- Heuristics for a generalization of tsp in the context of PCB assembly, 167 / Ali Fuat ALKAYA and Ekrem DUMAN -- Premium e-grocery: Exploring value in logistics integrated service solutions, 173 / Burçin BOZKAYA, Ronan De KERVENOAEL and D. Selcen Ö. AYKAÇ -- T ravelers response to VMS in the Athens area, 179 / Athena TSIRIMPA and Amalia POLYDOROPOULOU -- Regional airports and local development: the challenging balance between sustainability and economic growth, 189 / Rosârio MACÂRIO and Jorge SILVA -- Chapter 8 Transport Planning and Economics, 195 -- How financial constraints and non-optimal pricing affect the design of public transport services, 197 / Sergio R. Jara-Diaz and Antonio Gschwender -- Revenue management for returned products in reverse logistics, 203 / Mesut KUMRU -- Intra-city bus planning using computer simulation, 211 / Reza AZIMI and Amin ALVANCHI -- Chapter 9 Planning, Operations, Management and Control of Transport and Logistics, 217 -- A review of timetabling and resource allocation models for light-rail transportation systems, 219 / Selmin D. ÖNCÜL, D. Selcen Ö. AYKAÇ, Demet BAYRAKTAR and Dilay ÇELEBİ -- An approach of integrated logistics HMMS model under environment constraints and an application of time scale, 225 / Fahriye Uysal, Ömür Tosun, Orhan Kuruüzüm -- Freight transport planning with genetic algorithm based projected demand, 231 / Soner HALDENBILEN, Ozgur BASKAN, Huseyin CEYLAN and Halim CEYLAN -- Chapter 10 Transport Modeling, 239 -- Inverse model to estimate o-d matrix from link traffic counts using ant colony optimization, 241 / Halim CEYLAN, Soner HALDENBILEN, Huseyin CEYLAN, Ozgur BASKAN -- The impact of logistics on modelling commercial freight traffic, 251 / Ute IDDINK and Uwe CLAUSEN -- A comparative reviewof simulation-based behavior modeling for travel demand generation, 257 / Seda Yanık, Mehmet Tanyaş -- An efficiency analysis of turkish container ports using the analytic network process, 269 / Senay OĞUZTİMUR, Umut Rıfat TUZKAYA -- A multi-objective approach to designing a multicommudity supply chain distribution network with multiple capacities, 277 / Gholam Reza Nasiri, Hamid Davoudpour and B.Karimi -- Chapter 11 Freight Transportation and Logistics Management, 283 -- Evaluation of turkey’s freight transportation, 285 / Burcu KULELİ PAKand BaharSENNAROĞLU -- Short sea shipping, intermodality and parameters influencing pricing policies in the Mediterranean region: The Italian context, 291 / Monica GROSSO, Ana-Rita LYNCE, Anne SILLA, Georgios K. VAGGELAS -- Relevant strategic criteria when choosing a container port - the case of the port of Genoa, 299 / Monica Grosso, Feliciana Monteiro -- Determination of optimum fleet size and composition - A case study of retailer in Thailand, 307 / Terdsak RONGVIRIYAPANICH and Kawee SRIMUANG -- New container port development: forecasting future container throughput, 313 / Dimitrios TSAMBOULAS, Panayota MORAITI -- Sea port hinterland flows and opening hours: the way forward to make them match better 319 / Marjan BEELEN, Hilde MEERSMAN, Evy ONGHENA, Eddy VAN DE VOORDE and Thierry VANELSLANDER -- International road freight transport in Germany and the Netherlands driver costs analysis and French perspectives, 327 / Laurent GUIHERY -- Chapter 12 Transport and Land Use, 335 -- Land rent and new transport infrastructure: How to manage this relationship?, 337 / Elena SCOPEL -- Effects of pavement characteristics on the traffic noise levels, 345 / Aybike ONGEL and John HARVEY -- Fuzzy medical waste disposal facility location problem, 351 / Yeşim KOP, Müjde EROL GENEVOIS and H. Ziya ULUKAN -- Chapter 13 T ransport Infrastructure and Investment Appraisal, 357 -- Agents’ behavior in financing Italian transport infrastructures, 359 / Paolo BERIA -- Free trade agreements in the mediterranean region: a box-cox analysis, 367 / Matthew KARLAFTIS, Konstantinos KEPAPTSOGLOU and Dimitrios TSAMBOULA