3,310 research outputs found
Machine learning for early detection of traffic congestion using public transport traffic data
The purpose of this project is to provide better knowledge of how the bus travel times is affected by congestion and other problems in the urban traffic environment. The main source of data for this study is second-level measurements coming from all buses in the Linköping region showing the location of each vehicle.The main goal of this thesis is to propose, implement, test and optimize a machine learning algorithm based on data collected from regional buses from Sweden so that it is able to perform predictions on the future state of the urban traffic.El objetivo principal de este proyecto es proponer, implementar, probar y optimizar un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático basado en datos recopilados de autobuses regionales de Suecia para que poder realizar predicciones sobre el estado futuro del tráfico urbano.L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte Ă©s proposar, implementar, provar i optimitzar un algoritme de machine learning basat en dades recollides a partir d'autobusos regionals de Suècia de manera per poder realitzar prediccions sobre l'estat futur del trĂ nsit urbĂ
Spatial Time-Series Modeling: A review of the proposed methodologies
This paper discusses three modelling techniques, which apply to multiple time series data that correspond to different spatial locations (spatial time series). The first two methods, namely the Space-Time ARIMA (STARIMA) and the Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) model with spatial priors apply when interest lies on the spatio-temporal evolution of a single variable. The former is better suited for applications of large spatial and temporal dimension whereas the latter can be realistically performed when the number of locations of the study is rather small. Next, we consider models that aim to describe relationships between variables with a spatio-temporal reference and discuss the general class of dynamic space-time models in the framework presented by Elhorst (2001). Each model class is introduced through a motivating application.spatial time-series, space-time models, STARIMA, Bayesian Vector Autoregressions
DeepTransport: Learning Spatial-Temporal Dependency for Traffic Condition Forecasting
Predicting traffic conditions has been recently explored as a way to relieve
traffic congestion. Several pioneering approaches have been proposed based on
traffic observations of the target location as well as its adjacent regions,
but they obtain somewhat limited accuracy due to lack of mining road topology.
To address the effect attenuation problem, we propose to take account of the
traffic of surrounding locations(wider than adjacent range). We propose an
end-to-end framework called DeepTransport, in which Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are utilized to obtain
spatial-temporal traffic information within a transport network topology. In
addition, attention mechanism is introduced to align spatial and temporal
information. Moreover, we constructed and released a real-world large traffic
condition dataset with 5-minute resolution. Our experiments on this dataset
demonstrate our method captures the complex relationship in temporal and
spatial domain. It significantly outperforms traditional statistical methods
and a state-of-the-art deep learning method
Learning Dynamic Graphs from All Contextual Information for Accurate Point-of-Interest Visit Forecasting
Forecasting the number of visits to Points-of-Interest (POI) in an urban area
is critical for planning and decision-making for various application domains,
from urban planning and transportation management to public health and social
studies. Although this forecasting problem can be formulated as a multivariate
time-series forecasting task, the current approaches cannot fully exploit the
ever-changing multi-context correlations among POIs. Therefore, we propose
Busyness Graph Neural Network (BysGNN), a temporal graph neural network
designed to learn and uncover the underlying multi-context correlations between
POIs for accurate visit forecasting. Unlike other approaches where only
time-series data is used to learn a dynamic graph, BysGNN utilizes all
contextual information and time-series data to learn an accurate dynamic graph
representation. By incorporating all contextual, temporal, and spatial signals,
we observe a significant improvement in our forecasting accuracy over
state-of-the-art forecasting models in our experiments with real-world datasets
across the United States
Space-time modeling of traffic flow
A key concern in transportation planning and traffic management is the ability to forecast traffic flows on a street network. Traffic flows forecasts can be transformed to obtain travel time estimates and then use these as input to travel demand models, dynamic route guidance and congestion management procedures. A variety of mathematical techniques have been proposed for modeling traffic flow on a street network. Briefly, the most widely used theories are: -Kinetic models based on partial differential equations that describe waves of different traffic densities, -deterministic models that use nonlinear equations for the estimation of different car routes, -large scale simulation models such as cellular automata and, -stochastic modeling of traffic density at distinct points in space. One problem with these approaches is that the traffic flow process is characterized by nonstationarities that cannot be taken into account by the vast majority of modeling strategies. However, recent advances in statistical modeling in fields such as econometrics or environmetrics enable us to overcome this problem. The aim of this work is to present how two statistical techniques, namely, vector autoregressive modeling and dynamic space-time modeling can be used to develop efficient and reliable forecasts of traffic flow. The former approach is encountered in the econometrics literature, whereas the later is mostly used in environmetrics. Recent advances in statistical methodology provide powerful tools for traffic flow description and forecasting. For a purely statistical approach to travel time prediction one may consult Rice and van Zwet (2002). In this work, the authors employ a time varying coefficients regression technique that can be easily implemented computationally, but is sensitive to nonstationarities and does not take into account traffic flow information from neighboring points in the network that can significantly improve forecasts. According to our approach, traffic flow measurements, that is count of vehicles and road occupancy obtained at constants time intervals through loop detectors located at various distinct points of a road network, form a multiple time series set. This set can be described by a vector autoregressive process that models each series as a linear combination of past observations of some (optimally selected) components of the vector; in our case the vector is comprised by the different measurement points of traffic flow. For a thorough technical discussion on vector autoregressive processes we refer to Lutkerpohl (1987), whereas a number of applications can be found in Ooms (1994). Nowadays, these models are easily implemented in commercial software like SAS or MATLAB; see for example LeSage (1999). The spatial distribution of the measurement locations and their neighboring relations cannot be incorporated in a vector autoregressive model. However, accounting for this information may optimize model fitting and provide insight into spatial correlation structures that evolve through time. This can be accomplished by applying space-time modeling techniques. The main difference of space-time models encountered in literature with the vector autoregressive ones lies in the inclusion of a weight matrix that defines the neighboring relations and places the appropriate restrictions. For some early references on space-time models, one could consult Pfeifer and Deutsch (1980 a,b); for a Bayesian approach, insensitive to nonstationarities we refer to Wikle, Berliner and Cressie (1998). In this work, we discuss how the space-time methodology can be implemented to traffic flow modeling. The aforementioned modeling strategies are applied in a subset of traffic flow measurements collected every 15 minutes through loop detectors at 74 locations in the city of Athens. A comparative study in terms of model fitting and forecasting accuracy is performed. Univariate time series models are also fitted in each measurement location in order to investigate the relation between a model's dimension and performance. References: LeSage J. P. (1999). Applied Econometrics using MATLAB. Manuscript, Dept. of Economics, University of Toronto Lutkerpohl H. (1987). Forecasting Aggregated Vector ARMA Processes. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Ooms M. (1994). Empirical Vector Autoregressive Modeling. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Pfeifer P. E., and Deutsch S. J. (1980a). A three-stage iterative procedure for Space-Time Modeling. Technometrics, 22, 35-47 Pfeifer P. E., and Deutsch S. J. (1980b). Identification and Interpretation of First-Order Space-Time ARMA models. Technometrics, 22, 397-408 Rice J., and van Zwet E. (2002). A simple and effective method for predicting travel times on freeways. Manuscript, Dept. of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley Wikle C. K., Berliner L. M. and Cressie N. (1998). Hierarchical Bayesian space-time models. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 5, 117-154
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