88 research outputs found

    Extracting ontological structures from collaborative tagging systems

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    Forth Industrial Revolution (4 IR) : digital disruption of cyber-physical systems

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    Article focus of the disruptive character of technological innovations brought by Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), withits unprecedented scale and scope, and exponential speed of incoming innovations, described from the point view of 'unintended consequences' (cross cutting impact of disruptive technologies across many sectors and aspects of human life). With integration of technology innovations emerging in number of fields including advanced robotics, pervasive computing, artificial intelligence, nano-and bio-technologies, additive and smart manufacturing, Forth Industrial Revolution introduce new ways in which technology becomes embedded not only within the society, economy and culture, but also within human body and mind (described by integration of technologies, collectively referred to as cyber-physical systems). At the forefront of digital transformation, based on cyber physical systems, stands Industry 4.0, referring to recent technological advances, where internet and supporting technologies (embedded systems) are serving as framework to integrate physical objects, human actors, intelligent machines, production lines and processes across organizational boundaries to form new kind of intelligent, networked value chain, called smart factory. Article presents broader context of 'disruptive changes (innovations)' accompanying 4IR, that embrace both economical perspective of 'broaderrestructuring' of modern economy and society (described in second part of the article as transition from second to third and forth industrial revolution), and technological perspective of computer and informational science with advances in pervasive computing, algorithms and artificial intelligence (described in third part of article with different stages of web development : web 1.0, web 2.0, web 3.0, web 4.0). What's more important, article presents hardly ever described in literature, psychological and philosophical perspective, more or less subtle reconfiguration made under the influence of these technologies, determining physical (body), psychological (mind) and philosophical aspect of human existence (the very idea of what it means to be the human), fully depicted in the conclusion of the article. The core element (novelty) is the attempt to bring full understanding and acknowledgment of disruptive innovations', that "change not only of the what and the how things are done, but also the who we are", moving beyond economical or technological perspective, to embrace also psychological and philosophical one

    Ülikooliraamatukogu e-teenuse kvaliteet ja „töötav kasutaja“: kontseptuaalne mudel

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    Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Doktoritöös on välja pakutud kaasaegse ülikooliraamatukogu e-teenuse kvaliteedi kontseptuaalne mudel ja analüüsitud kasutaja osaluse mõju e-teenuse protsessile ja tulemusele. Töös on rakendatud nii kvalitatiivset kui kvantitatiivset meetodeid, empiiriline materjal on kogutud TÜ Raamatukogust. Väitekiri põhineb neljal omavahel seotud uuringul, mis keskenduvad nii raamatukogu teenuse kvaliteedi kui raamatukogu kommunikatsiooni ning selle transformeerumise küsimustele. Töös jõutakse järeldusele, et traditsiooniliselt põhines raamatukogu kommunikatsioon kasutajatega võimusuhetel, mis väljendusid nii teadmiste kui kasutajate distsiplineerimises, ekspertiisis ja taksonoomias. Need võimusuhted ei ole kadunud ka täna, kui nad muutuvad infoühiskonna mõjul – seda transformatsiooni nimetatakse töös kommunikatiivseks pöördeks. Koos teenuste kandumisega veebikeskkonda tõuseb iseteeninduse määr ja kasutaja roll. Seega on töö aluseks võetud teoreetiline eeldus, et ülikooliraamatukogu e-teenuste kvaliteedi kontseptualiseerimisel on oluline arvesse võtta kasutaja osalust ja mõista, kuidas see võib mõjutada teenuse tulemust. Siit tulenevalt juurutab käesolev doktoritöö raamatukogumaastikul nn „töötava kasutaja“ (working user) kontseptsiooni. Töötav kasutaja, kes eduka e-teenuse tulemuse nimel paneb tööle teatud intensiivsusega oma kognitiivse ja emotsionaalse potentsiaali, on uus fenomen ülikooliraamatukogudes. Töös rõhutatakse, et ülikooliraamatukogud on edukalt teostanud info- ja digipöörde, kuid kommunikatiivne pööre on veel kujunemas – kuigi kasutajaid kaasatakse aktiivselt iseteeninduse protsessidesse, pole raamatukogud veel valmis loobuma oma rigiidsetest taksonoomilistest süsteemidest ning delegeerima kasutajatele kontrolli süsteemi üle, pakkudes selleks vastavaid e-teenuseid. Töös tuuakse välja, et ühelt poolt tagab see teenuse kvaliteedi, kuid teiselt poolt võib siin näha raamatukogusüsteemi püüet kindlustada sellisel implitsiitsel viisil oma võimu teadmiste ja kasutajate üle.The doctoral dissertation proposes a conceptual model of the modern university library e-service and analyses the effect of user participation on the process and outcome of e-service. The author applied both qualitative and quantitative methods; empirical material was gathered at the University of Tartu Library. The dissertation is based on four interrelated studies which focus on the library service quality and the problems of library communication and its transformation. The thesis points out that traditionally, the library’s communication with its users was based on power relations, which found expression in disciplining both the knowledge and the users, and in expertise and taxonomy. These power relations exist even today, but they are changing due to the effect of information society – this transformation is in this dissertation called the communicative turn. Relocation of the services into the web environment increases the share of self-service and the role of the user. This dissertation is based on a theoretical supposition that in conceptualising the quality of the university library e-service it is essential to take into account user participation and to understand the effect it can have on the result of the service. The thesis introduces the notion of “working user” into the librarianship. The working user, who with certain intensity contributes their cognitive and emotional potential to the successful result of e-service, is a new actor in the university librarianship. The author explains that libraries have successfully passed the informational and digital turns, but the communicative turn is still under progress – although library users are actively involved in self-service processes, libraries are still not yet ready to abandon their rigid taxonomic systems and to delegate the control over the system to the users by offering them relevant e-services. The dissertation points out that one the one hand, it guarantees the quality of the service, but on the other hand, it can be seen as the implicit attempt of the library system to ensure its power over its users and over the knowledge

    On the Changing Nature of Learning Context: Anticipating the Virtual Extensions of the World

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    Contextual learning starts from the premise that learning cannot take place in a vacuum, but should somehow be connected with real world attributes to make sense to learners. This notion is of great importance for workplace learning, professional development, lifelong learning and meaningful learning at schools. Today, digital media tend to bring about new dimensions of context: internet connections and mobile devices enable learners to overcome restrictions of time and location, and neglect the physical boundaries and limitations of the learning environment. This calls for reconsidering contextual learning. This paper conceptualises the notion of learning context in the light of its virtualised extensions. It explains the historical and pedagogical backgrounds of contextual learning and reviews existing models that deal with context parameters. The paper identifies and discusses the constituting components of context for learning and it demonstrates how attributes of virtual representations affect the nature of context. The overall purpose of the paper is re-establishing the notion of contextual learning in the light of emerging digital media and making explicit the various dimensions involved

    Semantic and pragmatic characterization of learning objects

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    Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Informática. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 201

    Semantic adaptability for the systems interoperability

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    In the current global and competitive business context, it is essential that enterprises adapt their knowledge resources in order to smoothly interact and collaborate with others. However, due to the existent multiculturalism of people and enterprises, there are different representation views of business processes or products, even inside a same domain. Consequently, one of the main problems found in the interoperability between enterprise systems and applications is related to semantics. The integration and sharing of enterprises knowledge to build a common lexicon, plays an important role to the semantic adaptability of the information systems. The author proposes a framework to support the development of systems to manage dynamic semantic adaptability resolution. It allows different organisations to participate in a common knowledge base building, letting at the same time maintain their own views of the domain, without compromising the integration between them. Thus, systems are able to be aware of new knowledge, and have the capacity to learn from it and to manage its semantic interoperability in a dynamic and adaptable way. The author endorses the vision that in the near future, the semantic adaptability skills of the enterprise systems will be the booster to enterprises collaboration and the appearance of new business opportunities

    Sharing Semantic Resources

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    The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information, so far created for human consumption, becomes machine readable, “enabling computers and people to work in cooperation”. To turn into reality this vision several challenges are still open among which the most important is to share meaning formally represented with ontologies or more generally with semantic resources. This Semantic Web long-term goal has many convergences with the activities in the field of Human Language Technology and in particular in the development of Natural Language Processing applications where there is a great need of multilingual lexical resources. For instance, one of the most important lexical resources, WordNet, is also commonly regarded and used as an ontology. Nowadays, another important phenomenon is represented by the explosion of social collaboration, and Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia in the world, is object of research as an up to date omni comprehensive semantic resource. The main topic of this thesis is the management and exploitation of semantic resources in a collaborative way, trying to use the already available resources as Wikipedia and Wordnet. This work presents a general environment able to turn into reality the vision of shared and distributed semantic resources and describes a distributed three-layer architecture to enable a rapid prototyping of cooperative applications for developing semantic resources

    AXMEDIS 2007 Conference Proceedings

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    The AXMEDIS International Conference series has been established since 2005 and is focused on the research, developments and applications in the cross-media domain, exploring innovative technologies to meet the challenges of the sector. AXMEDIS2007 deals with all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, interoperability, protection and rights management. It addresses the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, their impact and exploitation within academic, business and industrial communities

    Complex adaptive systems based data integration : theory and applications

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    Data Definition Languages (DDLs) have been created and used to represent data in programming languages and in database dictionaries. This representation includes descriptions in the form of data fields and relations in the form of a hierarchy, with the common exception of relational databases where relations are flat. Network computing created an environment that enables relatively easy and inexpensive exchange of data. What followed was the creation of new DDLs claiming better support for automatic data integration. It is uncertain from the literature if any real progress has been made toward achieving an ideal state or limit condition of automatic data integration. This research asserts that difficulties in accomplishing integration are indicative of socio-cultural systems in general and are caused by some measurable attributes common in DDLs. This research’s main contributions are: (1) a theory of data integration requirements to fully support automatic data integration from autonomous heterogeneous data sources; (2) the identification of measurable related abstract attributes (Variety, Tension, and Entropy); (3) the development of tools to measure them. The research uses a multi-theoretic lens to define and articulate these attributes and their measurements. The proposed theory is founded on the Law of Requisite Variety, Information Theory, Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) theory, Sowa’s Meaning Preservation framework and Zipf distributions of words and meanings. Using the theory, the attributes, and their measures, this research proposes a framework for objectively evaluating the suitability of any data definition language with respect to degrees of automatic data integration. This research uses thirteen data structures constructed with various DDLs from the 1960\u27s to date. No DDL examined (and therefore no DDL similar to those examined) is designed to satisfy the law of requisite variety. No DDL examined is designed to support CAS evolutionary processes that could result in fully automated integration of heterogeneous data sources. There is no significant difference in measures of Variety, Tension, and Entropy among DDLs investigated in this research. A direction to overcome the common limitations discovered in this research is suggested and tested by proposing GlossoMote, a theoretical mathematically sound description language that satisfies the data integration theory requirements. The DDL, named GlossoMote, is not merely a new syntax, it is a drastic departure from existing DDL constructs. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated with a small scale experiment and evaluated using the proposed assessment framework and other means. The promising results require additional research to evaluate GlossoMote’s approach commercial use potential

    Cumulative and Combinatorial Knowledge Dynamics: Their Role for Continuity and Change in Regional Path Development

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    This thesis addresses the question of how regions can adapt to technological and social changes. In the face of recent economic rises, disruptive digitalization, and the need to transition towards sustainability, processes of diversification, transformation, and renewal have become increasingly important to strengthen the dynamics development of regions. While the creation or the lock-in of regional development paths has received a lot of attention by economic geographers, studies on the transformation of existing paths are relatively scarce. Instead, in recent decades scientific, political, and economic actors alike have promoted a logic of specialization to support regional competitiveness. Yet the processes outlined above require that these specializations are combined with novel, external knowledge inputs. In order to capture these processes of the accumulation and combination of knowledge, this thesis introduces and applies the concept of knowledge dynamics. It differentiates interaction processes by the degree of institutional and cognitive distance that actors have to bridge. In the theoretical framework of this thesis, these knowledge dynamics are brought together with path development research of the Evolutionary Economic Geography and Innovation Systems literature strands. At the center of this thesis stand the questions of how different knowledge dynamics influence, and are influenced by, the elements and institutions of regional economic landscapes. In four papers based on empirical material from different contexts, these interfaces are explored. Thereby the focus is laid on knowledge dynamics in symbolic knowledge bases of music scenes, as the field of non-technological innovation is relatively underexplored despite its increasing economic significance. In order to quantitatively measure innovation and knowledge dynamics in this creative industry, this thesis employs so-called resonance indicators derived from digital social data. The findings of this thesis show that the interplay of cumulative and combinatorial knowledge dynamics leads to processes of path modernization and branching. While cumulative knowledge dynamics guide the direction of potential diversification routes, combinatorial knowledge dynamics affect the creation and transformation of new organizations and institutions. In order to promote these dynamics, path plasticity and the openness to extralocal knowledge sources should be promoted
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