Information scraps: how and why information eludes our personal information management tools

In this paper we describe information scraps -- a class of personal information whose content is scribbled on Post-it notes, scrawled on corners of random sheets of paper, buried inside the bodies of e-mail messages sent to ourselves, or typed haphazardly into text files. Information scraps hold our great ideas, sketches, notes, reminders, driving directions, and even our poetry. We define information scraps to be the body of personal information that is held outside of its natural or We have much still to learn about these loose forms of information capture. Why are they so often held outside of our traditional PIM locations and instead on Post-its or in text files? Why must we sometimes go around our traditional PIM applications to hold on to our scraps, such as by e-mailing ourselves? What are information scraps' role in the larger space of personal information management, and what do they uniquely offer that we find so appealing? If these unorganized bits truly indicate the failure of our PIM tools, how might we begin to build better tools? We have pursued these questions by undertaking a study of 27 knowledge workers. In our findings we describe information scraps from several angles: their content, their location, and the factors that lead to their use, which we identify as ease of capture, flexibility of content and organization, and avilability at the time of need. We also consider the personal emotive responses around scrap management. We present a set of design considerations that we have derived from the analysis of our study results. We present our work on an application platform, jourknow, to test some of these design and usability findings

Building an application for the writing process

The idea that writing is a process and not a product is now generally accepted in writing education, but discussions of digital scholarly communication often neglect the idea, in theory and in practice. This thesis report introduces a Mac OS X software package to support the early stages of the writing process, called Brouillon. Brouillon’s features include: the concatenation of discrete note files into notebooks; notes appearing in multiple notebooks; note intake from mobile devices via Dropbox; and an open standard file format. The report also provides a model of the organization of products of the writing process, with a focus on Brouillon’s most unusual feature, multi-notebook notes. It discusses difficulties in implementation and identifies possibilities for future improvement

Willingness to pay for the conservation and management of wild geese in Scotland

In past times wild geese were an important resource, providing a source of meat, grease for lubrication and waterproofing, and feathers for bedding and arrow flights. Today, with the sale of goose meat no longer allowed in law, the only current market for geese is commercial shooting of non-endangered species such as the pink-footed goose. However, there are other benefits associated with geese which are not priced in the marketplace, but are valued. For example, some people positively value the opportunity to observe geese in the wild (a use-value), while others may take pleasure from simply knowing that they exist (a non-use value). These benefits cannot be provided by conventional markets because it would be prohibitively expensive to exclude people from watching geese and impossible to exclude them from caring about geese. In recent years a number of techniques such as Contingent Valuation (CV) and Choice Experiments (CE) have been established to establish the monetary values of non-market benefits. These techniques aim to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) of beneficiaries through the establishment of hypothetical markets

Improving user experience in using personal collection functions in social apps

This thesis intends to explore what the user needs of personal collection function are in social apps. This thesis will use design thinking process and human-centered design methods to collect qualitative data from personal collection users. These methods provide the ability to try to find out solutions and solve current problems in using this function. The final objective is to improve the user experience in using personal collection function in social apps

Text books untuk mata kuliah pemrograman web

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#MPLP: a Comparison of Domain Novice and Expert User-generated Tags in a Minimally Processed Digital Archive

The high costs of creating and maintaining digital archives precluded many archives from providing users with digital content or increasing the amount of digitized materials. Studies have shown users increasingly demand immediate online access to archival materials with detailed descriptions (access points). The adoption of minimal processing to digital archives limits the access points at the folder or series level rather than the item-level description users\u27 desire. User-generated content such as tags, could supplement the minimally processed metadata, though users are reluctant to trust or use unmediated tags. This dissertation project explores the potential for controlling/mediating the supplemental metadata from user-generated tags through inclusion of only expert domain user-generated tags. The study was designed to answer three research questions with two parts each: 1(a) What are the similarities and differences between tags generated by expert and novice users in a minimally processed digital archive?, 1(b) Are there differences between expert and novice users\u27 opinions of the tagging experience and tag creation considerations?, 2(a) In what ways do tags generated by expert and/or novice users in a minimally processed collection correspond with metadata in a traditionally processed digital archive?, 2(b) Does user knowledge affect the proportion of tags matching unselected metadata in a minimally processed digital archive?, 3(a) In what ways do tags generated by expert and/or novice users in a minimally processed collection correspond with existing users\u27 search terms in a digital archive?, and 3(b) Does user knowledge affect the proportion of tags matching query terms in a minimally processed digital archive? The dissertation project was a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design focused on tag generation within a sample minimally processed digital archive. The study used a sample collection of fifteen documents and fifteen photographs. Sixty participants divided into two groups (novices and experts) based on assessed prior knowledge of the sample collection\u27s domain generated tags for fifteen documents and fifteen photographs (a minimum of one tag per object). Participants completed a pre-questionnaire identifying prior knowledge, and use of social tagging and archives. Additionally, participants provided their opinions regarding factors associated with tagging including the tagging experience and considerations while creating tags through structured and open-ended questions in a post-questionnaire. An open-coding analysis of the created tags developed a coding scheme of six major categories and six subcategories. Application of the coding scheme categorized all generated tags. Additional descriptive statistics summarized the number of tags created by each domain group (expert, novice) for all objects and divided by format (photograph, document). T-tests and Chi-square tests explored the associations (and associative strengths) between domain knowledge and the number of tags created or types of tags created for all objects and divided by format. The subsequent analysis compared the tags with the metadata from the existing collection not displayed within the sample collection participants used. Descriptive statistics summarized the proportion of tags matching unselected metadata and Chi-square tests analyzed the findings for associations with domain knowledge. Finally, the author extracted existing users\u27 query terms from one month of server-log data and compared the generated-tags and unselected metadata. Descriptive statistics summarized the proportion of tags and unselected metadata matching query terms, and Chi-square tests analyzed the findings for associations with domain knowledge. Based on the findings, the author discussed the theoretical and practical implications of including social tags within a minimally processed digital archive

Improving audio training for Cochlear Implant users

A Cochlear Implant(CI) is an implant that replaces the functionality of the inner ear with an electronic prosthesis. The prosthesis stimulates the auditory nerves within the cochlea so that people with auditory disabilities regain hearing. While the medical process of inserting the implant is relatively straightforward, learning how to use the implant may be difficult. This thesis proposes a digital training platform that can aid with the learning process for CI users and lighten the transition into the audible realm. Providing efficient training tools available at home without assistance from third parties can increase independence for CI users, as it becomes easier to conduct audio training. The results from a questionnaire performed during the thesis with CI users as participants found that participants spent, on average, one hour traveling to and from training centers or audio therapists. Introducing home-based training tools tailored toward post-lingually deafened CI users can help free up patients' time and alleviate the learning process. Therefore, a digital training platform was developed, tailored towards the needs of post-lingually deafened CI users. CI users were involved via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews throughout the development process, and their feedback was gathered to inform the design and increase usability and effectiveness. The participants' feedback and the findings from a literature review based on related research crafted the requirements specification for the proposed digital training platform. Throughout the thesis, the main goal was to create something that could be deployed and maintained, accessible and reachable for those who may use it. Therefore, a cost analysis of different cloud computing services was carried out to find the cheapest deployment options to avoid adding a monetary barrier to entry. Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) was an affordable and efficient option. Along with LKE, the efficacy of deployment through single board computers was investigated. The data gathered through performance testing done during the thesis indicates that the current generation of the Raspberry Pi platform could be used to provide a cheap alternative to deployment if the number of expected users is relatively low. However, a side effect of using single-board computers is that it puts the responsibility to provide the availability and reliability requirements on the developer. As a result, you can not rely on the monetary incentives of a cloud provider. Since the availability and reliability requirements of the proposed digital training platform could not be ensured when utilizing single-board computers, the final deployment utilizes LKE and is accessible through: www.lyttetrening.n

Keeping track of electronic reading material

Because reading electronically has become widespread, keeping track of the wide range of material one reads has become a problem. To explore this issue, a user study was conducted concerning how people keep track of the materials they have been reading, are currently reading, and are planning to read. We observed that people use different methods for these three tasks, and that there is a discontinuity in the processing of reading materials. Moreover, people have no effective common strategy for keeping track of what they read. As a result of this study, we derived four requirements for developing a system that helps people keep track of their reading materials. Instead of developing a completely new system, seven available systems were reviewed to find out which one can be extended and cover the requirements. Two open source software projects were chosen to be analysed more deeply (Zotero and Greenstone). As a result of this analysis, we decided to combine the two software systems to work together. Tracking Reading Material System (TRMS) was developed as a solution for the problem. TRMS combines Greenstone and Zotero software, using Greenstone to store and organise documents, and Zotero to capture the documents and metadata. Four participants used TRMS, and evaluated it over a week's use, and completed a diary. Each participant was interviewed individually pre- and post-use of the TRMS. This data showed that the TRMS was partially successful, but modifications are needed for a more satisfactory user experience

Using hierarchical folders and tags for file management

Hierarchical folders have been widely used for managing digital files. A well constructed hierarchical structure can keep files organized. A parent folder can have several subfolders and one subfolder can only reside in one parent folder. Files are stored in folders or subfolders. Files can be found by traversing a given path, going through different levels of folders and subfolders. Folders can be moved, renamed, copied and deleted to serve the needs of the changing working environment. However, previous research has revealed several problems with hierarchical folder structures. One important problem is that users frequently have to turn to desktop search to re-find files. Tagging is the activity of applying users’ own descriptors to digital objects, such as web pages, photos, and documents. Compared with traditional indexing which enforces a controlled vocabulary, tagging systems give users freedom in describing digital resources. We believe that tagging may have the potential to improve information navigation and information organization. This research aimed at exploring the possibility of incorporating tagging into the hierarchical folder structure for file management, especially for the process of file organization and file re-finding.We studied users’ behavior and preference of using three file management structures, a hierarchical folder structure, a tagging structure, and a hybrid structure with both hierarchical folder and tagging functionalities. We found that using tag alone or using folder alone generated similar results in file organization time, in file re-finding time and in answer correctness. Combining folders and tags resulted in longer file organization time but no improvement in file re-finding efficiency. The tagging structure required the least number of mouse clicks in the re-finding process among the three structures. The primary contribution of the study is a comparison of three file management structures for better organizing and re-finding files in the desktop environment. Advantages and disadvantages of each structure were revealed from the study. Users’ preference among the three structures was compared. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the research. This work will provide design implications for future file management tools.Ph.D., Information Science and Technology -- Drexel University, 201